Reductive Model Of The Conscious Mind

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Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind

Galus, Wieslaw,Starzyk, Janusz
Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind Book PDF

Author : Galus, Wieslaw,Starzyk, Janusz
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781799856559

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Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind by Galus, Wieslaw,Starzyk, Janusz Pdf

Research on natural and artificial brains is proceeding at a rapid pace. However, the understanding of the essence of consciousness has changed slightly over the millennia, and only the last decade has brought some progress to the area. Scientific ideas emerged that the soul could be a product of the material body and that calculating machines could imitate brain processes. However, the authors of this book reject the previously common dualism—the view that the material and spiritual-psychic processes are separate and require a completely different substance as their foundation. Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind is a forward-thinking book wherein the authors identify processes that are the essence of conscious thinking and place them in the imagined, simplified structure of cells able to memorize and transmit information in the form of impulses, which they call neurons. The purpose of the study is to explain the essence of consciousness to the degree of development of natural sciences, because only the latter can find a way to embed the concept of the conscious mind in material brains. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 works to convince readers that the emergence of consciousness does not require detailed knowledge of the structure and morphology of the brain, with the exception of some specific properties of the neural network structure that the authors attempt to point out. Part 2 proves that the biological structure of many natural brains fulfills the necessary conditions for consciousness and intelligent thinking. Similarly, Part 3 shows the ways in which artificial creatures imitating natural brains can meet these conditions, which gives great hopes for building artificially intelligent beings endowed with consciousness. Covering topics that include cognitive architecture, the embodied mind, and machine learning, this book is ideal for cognitive scientists, philosophers of mind, neuroscientists, psychologists, researchers, academicians, and advanced-level students. The book can also help to focus the research of linguists, neurologists, and biophysicists on the biophysical basis of postulated information processing into knowledge structures.

Mind and its Place in the World

Alexander Batthyány,Avshalom Elitzur
Mind and its Place in the World Book PDF

Author : Alexander Batthyány,Avshalom Elitzur
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110325683

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Mind and its Place in the World by Alexander Batthyány,Avshalom Elitzur Pdf

What is mind? What is its relationship to the physical world? Is consciousness a causative agent in the physical world? With much progress being made in the neurosciences, many have thought that these questions could be answered by reducing them to questions about physical systems such as the brain. But this approach has foundered on the core problem of consciousness: Why is it that some brain processes are accompanied by conscious awareness? This anthology points out new sources and unexamined paths of consciousness research. By presenting a wide spectrum of non-reductive theories, the volume endeavours to overcome the dichotomy between dualism and monism that keeps plaguing the debate in favour of new and more differentiated positions.

The Emergence of Consciousness

Anthony Freeman
The Emergence of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Anthony Freeman
Publisher : Imprint Academic
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 0907845185

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The Emergence of Consciousness by Anthony Freeman Pdf

A collection of essays on the relation between the conscious mind and the body. In this text, philosopher Robert Van Gulick gives a clear overview and comparison on "emergent" and "reductive" approaches, while others discuss more detailed aspects.

The Conscious Mind

David J. Chalmers
The Conscious Mind Book PDF

Author : David J. Chalmers
Publisher : Oxford Paperbacks
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195117899

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The Conscious Mind by David J. Chalmers Pdf

Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness, offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain.

Consciousness and Mind

David Rosenthal
Consciousness and Mind Book PDF

Author : David Rosenthal
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191568589

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Consciousness and Mind by David Rosenthal Pdf

Consciousness and Mind presents David Rosenthal's influential work on the nature of consciousness. Central to that work is Rosenthal's higher-order-thought theory of consciousness, according to which a sensation, thought, or other mental state is conscious if one has a higher-order thought (HOT) that one is in that state. The first four essays develop various aspects of that theory. The next three essays present Rosenthal's homomorphism theory of mental qualities and qualitative consciousness, and show how that theory fits with and helps sustain the HOT theory. A crucial feature of homomorphism theory is that it individuates and taxonomizes mental qualities independently of the way we're conscious of them, and indeed independently of our being conscious of them at all. So the theory accommodates the qualitative character not only of conscious sensations and perceptions, but also of those which fall outside our stream of consciousness. Rosenthal argues that, because this account of mental qualities makes no appeal to consciousness, it enables us to dispel such traditional quandaries as the alleged conceivability of undetectable quality inversion, and to disarm various apparent obstacles to explaining qualitative consciousness and understanding its nature. Six further essays build on the HOT theory to explain various important features of consciousness, among them the complex connections that hold in humans between consciousness and speech, the self-interpretative aspect of consciousness, and the compelling sense we have that consciousness is unified. Two of the essays, one an extended treatment of homomorphism theory, appear here for the first time. There is also a substantive introduction, which draws out the connections between the essays and highlights their implications.

Mental Action and the Conscious Mind

Michael Brent,Lisa Miracchi Titus
Mental Action and the Conscious Mind Book PDF

Author : Michael Brent,Lisa Miracchi Titus
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429663512

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Mental Action and the Conscious Mind by Michael Brent,Lisa Miracchi Titus Pdf

Mental action deserves a place among foundational topics in action theory and philosophy of mind. Recent accounts of human agency tend to overlook the role of conscious mental action in our daily lives, while contemporary accounts of the conscious mind often ignore the role of mental action and agency in shaping consciousness. This collection aims to establish the centrality of mental action for discussions of agency and mind. The thirteen original essays provide a wide-ranging vision of the various and nuanced philosophical issues at stake. Among the questions explored by the contributors are: Which aspects of our conscious mental lives are agential? Can mental action be reduced to and explained in terms of non-agential mental states, processes, or events? Must mental action be included among the ontological categories required for understanding and explaining the conscious mind more generally? Does mental action have implications for related topics, such as attention, self-knowledge, self-control, or the mind-body problem? By investigating the nature, scope, and explanation of mental action, the essays presented here aim to demonstrate the significance of conscious mental action for discussions of agency and mind. Mental Action and the Conscious Mind will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, and philosophy of agency, as well as to philosophically inclined cognitive scientists.

Mind and Cosmos

Thomas Nagel
Mind and Cosmos Book PDF

Author : Thomas Nagel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199919758

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Mind and Cosmos by Thomas Nagel Pdf

The modern materialist approach to life has conspicuously failed to explain such central mind-related features of our world as consciousness, intentionality, meaning, and value. This failure to account for something so integral to nature as mind, argues philosopher Thomas Nagel, is a major problem, threatening to unravel the entire naturalistic world picture, extending to biology, evolutionary theory, and cosmology. Since minds are features of biological systems that have developed through evolution, the standard materialist version of evolutionary biology is fundamentally incomplete. And the cosmological history that led to the origin of life and the coming into existence of the conditions for evolution cannot be a merely materialist history, either. An adequate conception of nature would have to explain the appearance in the universe of materially irreducible conscious minds, as such. Nagel's skepticism is not based on religious belief or on a belief in any definite alternative. In Mind and Cosmos, he does suggest that if the materialist account is wrong, then principles of a different kind may also be at work in the history of nature, principles of the growth of order that are in their logical form teleological rather than mechanistic. In spite of the great achievements of the physical sciences, reductive materialism is a world view ripe for displacement. Nagel shows that to recognize its limits is the first step in looking for alternatives, or at least in being open to their possibility.

Matter and Consciousness

Paul M. Churchland
Matter and Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Paul M. Churchland
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0262530740

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Matter and Consciousness by Paul M. Churchland Pdf

In "Matter and Consciousness," Paul Churchland clearly presents the advantages and disadvantages of such difficult issues in philosophy of mind as behaviorism, reductive materialism, functionalism, and eliminative materialism. This new edition incorporates the striking developments that have taken place in neuroscience, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence and notes their expanding relevance to philosophical issues. Churchland organizes and clarifies the new theoretical and experimental results of the natural sciences for a wider philosophical audience, observing that this research bears directly on questions concerning the basic elements of cognitive activity and their implementation in real physical systems. (How is it, he asks, that living creatures perform some cognitive tasks so swiftly and easily, where computers do them only badly or not at all?) Most significant for philosophy, Churchland asserts, is the support these results tend to give to the reductive and the eliminative versions of materialism. "A Bradford Book"

The Consciousness Paradox

Rocco J. Gennaro
The Consciousness Paradox Book PDF

Author : Rocco J. Gennaro
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262016605

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The Consciousness Paradox by Rocco J. Gennaro Pdf

A defense of a version of the higher-order thought (HOT) theory of consciousness with special attention to such topics as concepts and animal consciousness. Consciousness is arguably the most important area within contemporary philosophy of mind and perhaps the most puzzling aspect of the world. Despite an explosion of research from philosophers, psychologists, and scientists, attempts to explain consciousness in neurophysiological, or even cognitive, terms are often met with great resistance. In The Consciousness Paradox, Rocco Gennaro aims to solve an underlying paradox, namely, how it is possible to hold a number of seemingly inconsistent views, including higher-order thought (HOT) theory, conceptualism, infant and animal consciousness, concept acquisition, and what he calls the HOT-brain thesis. He defends and further develops a metapsychological reductive representational theory of consciousness and applies it to several importantly related problems. Gennaro proposes a version of the HOT theory of consciousness that he calls the "wide intrinsicality view" and shows why it is superior to various alternatives, such as self-representationalism and first-order representationalism. HOT theory says that what makes a mental state conscious is that a suitable higher-order thought is directed at that mental state. Thus Gennaro argues for an overall philosophical theory of consciousness while applying it to other significant issues not usually addressed in the philosophical literature on consciousness. Most cognitive science and empirical works on such topics as concepts and animal consciousness do not address central philosophical theories of consciousness. Gennaro's integration of empirical and philosophical concerns will make his argument of interest to both philosophers and nonphilosophers.

The Nature of Consciousness

Mark Rowlands
The Nature of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Mark Rowlands
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2001-10-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139430982

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The Nature of Consciousness by Mark Rowlands Pdf

In The Nature of Consciousness, Mark Rowlands develops an innovative account of the nature of phenomenal consciousness, one that has significant consequences for attempts to find a place for it in the natural order. The most significant feature of consciousness is its dual nature: consciousness can be both the directing of awareness and that upon which awareness is directed. Rowlands offers a clear and philosophically insightful discussion of the main positions in this fast-moving debate, and argues that the phenomenal aspects of conscious experience are aspects that exist only in the directing of experience towards non-phenomenal objects, a theory that undermines reductive attempts to explain consciousness in terms of what is not conscious. His book will be of interest to a wide range of readers in the philosophy of mind and language, psychology and cognitive science.

Subliminal

Leonard Mlodinow
Subliminal Book PDF

Author : Leonard Mlodinow
Publisher : Pantheon
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780307378217

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Subliminal by Leonard Mlodinow Pdf

An examination of the ways in which the unconscious mind shapes everyday life traces recent scientific advances to reveal the pivotal role of the subliminal mind in influencing experiences and relationships.

Foundations of Consciousness

Antti Revonsuo
Foundations of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Antti Revonsuo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351629614

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Foundations of Consciousness by Antti Revonsuo Pdf

The conscious mind is life as we experience it; we see the world, feel our emotions and think our thoughts thanks to consciousness. This book provides an easy introduction to the foundations of consciousness; how can subjective consciousness be measured scientifically? What happens to the conscious mind and self when the brain gets injured? How does consciousness, our subjective self or soul, arise from the activities of the brain? Addressing the philosophical and historical roots of the problems alongside current scientific approaches to consciousness in psychology and neuroscience, Foundations of Consciousness examines key questions as well as delving deeper to look at altered and higher states of consciousness. Using student-friendly pedagogy throughout, the book discusses some of the most difficult to explain phenomena of consciousness, including dreaming, hypnosis, out-of-body experiences, and mystical experiences. Foundations of Consciousness provides an essential introduction to the scientific and philosophical approaches to consciousness for students in psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and philosophy. It will also appeal to those interested in the nature of the human soul, giving an insight into the motivation behind scientist’s and philosopher’s attempts to understand our place as conscious beings in the physical world.

Irreducible Mind

Edward F. Kelly,Emily Williams Kelly,Adam Crabtree
Irreducible Mind Book PDF

Author : Edward F. Kelly,Emily Williams Kelly,Adam Crabtree
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 836 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1442202068

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Irreducible Mind by Edward F. Kelly,Emily Williams Kelly,Adam Crabtree Pdf

Current mainstream opinion in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind holds that all aspects of human mind and consciousness are generated by physical processes occurring in brains. Views of this sort have dominated recent scholarly publication. The present volume, however, demonstrates empirically that this reductive materialism is not only incomplete but false. The authors systematically marshal evidence for a variety of psychological phenomena that are extremely difficult, and in some cases clearly impossible, to account for in conventional physicalist terms. Topics addressed include phenomena of extreme psychophysical influence, memory, psychological automatisms and secondary personality, near-death experiences and allied phenomena, genius-level creativity, and 'mystical' states of consciousness both spontaneous and drug-induced. The authors further show that these rogue phenomena are more readily accommodated by an alternative 'transmission' or 'filter' theory of mind/brain relations advanced over a century ago by a largely forgotten genius, F. W. H. Myers, and developed further by his friend and colleague William James. This theory, moreover, ratifies the commonsense conception of human beings as causally effective conscious agents, and is fully compatible with leading-edge physics and neuroscience. The book should command the attention of all open-minded persons concerned with the still-unsolved mysteries of the mind.

The Conscious Mind

Zoltan Torey
The Conscious Mind Book PDF

Author : Zoltan Torey
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262319317

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The Conscious Mind by Zoltan Torey Pdf

An account of the emergence of the mind: how the brain acquired self-awareness, functional autonomy, the ability to think, and the power of speech. How did the human mind emerge from the collection of neurons that makes up the brain? How did the brain acquire self-awareness, functional autonomy, language, and the ability to think, to understand itself and the world? In this volume in the Essential Knowledge series, Zoltan Torey offers an accessible and concise description of the evolutionary breakthrough that created the human mind. Drawing on insights from evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and linguistics, Torey reconstructs the sequence of events by which Homo erectus became Homo sapiens. He describes the augmented functioning that underpins the emergent mind—a new (“off-line”) internal response system with which the brain accesses itself and then forms a selection mechanism for mentally generated behavior options. This functional breakthrough, Torey argues, explains how the animal brain's “awareness” became self-accessible and reflective—that is, how the human brain acquired a conscious mind. Consciousness, unlike animal awareness, is not a unitary phenomenon but a composite process. Torey's account shows how protolanguage evolved into language, how a brain subsystem for the emergent mind was built, and why these developments are opaque to introspection. We experience the brain's functional autonomy, he argues, as free will. Torey proposes that once life began, consciousness had to emerge—because consciousness is the informational source of the brain's behavioral response. Consciousness, he argues, is not a newly acquired “quality,” “cosmic principle,” “circuitry arrangement,” or “epiphenomenon,” as others have argued, but an indispensable working component of the living system's manner of functioning.

The Conscious Brain

Jesse Prinz
The Conscious Brain Book PDF

Author : Jesse Prinz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195314595

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The Conscious Brain by Jesse Prinz Pdf

Synthesizing decades of research, this book advances a theory of the psychological and neurophysiological correlates of conscious experience. Prinz argues that consciousness always arises at a particular stage of perceptual processing, the intermediate level, and that consciousness depends on attention.