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Author : James G. Rankl
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic government information
ISBN : OSU:32435073025454
Author : James G. Rankl
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic government information
ISBN : UOM:39015062442259
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Hydrology
ISBN : MINN:31951P00962807W
Author : Ven Te Chow,Ben Chie Yen,United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Runoff
ISBN : UCSB:31205019278389
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Water
ISBN : PSU:000068688578
Author : Jonathan A. Czuba,Christopher S. Magirl,Christiana R. Czuba,Christopher A. Curran,Kenneth H. Johnson,Theresa D. Olsen,Halley K. Kimball,Casey C. Gish
Publisher : U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
A study of the geomorphology of rivers draining Mount Rainier, Washington, was completed to identify sources of sediment to the river network; to identify important processes in the sediment delivery system; to assess current sediment loads in rivers draining Mount Rainier; to evaluate if there were trends in streamflow or sediment load since the early 20th century; and to assess how rates of sedimentation might continue into the future using published climate-change scenarios. Rivers draining Mount Rainier carry heavy sediment loads sourced primarily from the volcano that cause acute aggradation in deposition reaches as far away as the Puget Lowland. Calculated yields ranged from 2,000 tonnes per square kilometer per year [(tonnes/km2)/yr] on the upper Nisqually River to 350 (tonnes/km2)/yr on the lower Puyallup River, notably larger than sediment yields of 50–200 (tonnes/km2)/yr typical for other Cascade Range rivers. These rivers can be assumed to be in a general state of sediment surplus. As a result, future aggradation rates will be largely influenced by the underlying hydrology carrying sediment downstream. The active-channel width of rivers directly draining Mount Rainier in 2009, used as a proxy for sediment released from Mount Rainier, changed little between 1965 and 1994 reflecting a climatic period that was relatively quiet hydrogeomorphically. From 1994 to 2009, a marked increase in geomorphic disturbance caused the active channels in many river reaches to widen. Comparing active-channel widths of glacier-draining rivers in 2009 to the distance of glacier retreat between 1913 and 1994 showed no correlation, suggesting that geomorphic disturbance in river reaches directly downstream of glaciers is not strongly governed by the degree of glacial retreat. In contrast, there was a correlation between active-channel width and the percentage of superglacier debris mantling the glacier, as measured in 1971. A conceptual model of sediment delivery processes from the mountain indicates that rockfalls, glaciers, debris flows, and main-stem flooding act sequentially to deliver sediment from Mount Rainier to river reaches in the Puget Lowland over decadal time scales. Greater-than-normal runoff was associated with cool phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Streamflow-gaging station data from four unregulated rivers directly draining Mount Rainier indicated no statistically significant trends of increasing peak flows over the course of the 20th century. The total sediment load of the upper Nisqually River from 1945 to 2011 was determined to be 1,200,000±180,000 tonnes/yr. The suspended-sediment load in the lower Puyallup River at Puyallup, Washington, was 860,000±300,000 tonnes/yr between 1978 and 1994, but the long-term load for the Puyallup River likely is about 1,000,000±400,000 tonnes/yr. Using a coarse-resolution bedload transport relation, the long-term average bedload was estimated to be about 30,000 tonnes/yr in the lower White River near Auburn, Washington, which was four times greater than bedload in the Puyallup River and an order of magnitude greater than bedload in the Carbon River. Analyses indicate a general increase in the sediment loads in Mount Rainier rivers in the 1990s and 2000s relative to the time period from the 1960s to 1980s. Data are insufficient, however, to determine definitively if post-1990 increases in sediment production and transport from Mount Rainier represent a statistically significant increase relative to sediment-load values typical from Mount Rainier during the entire 20th century. One-dimensional river-hydraulic and sediment-transport models simulated the entrainment, transport, attrition, and deposition of bed material. Simulations showed that bed-material loads were largest for the Nisqually River and smallest for the Carbon River. The models were used to simulate how increases in sediment supply to rivers transport through the river systems and affect lowland reaches. For each simulation, the input sediment pulse evolved through a combination of translation, dispersion, and attrition as it moved downstream. The characteristic transport times for the median sediment-size pulse to arrive downstream for the Nisqually, Carbon, Puyallup, and White Rivers were approximately 70, 300, 80, and 60 years, respectively.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN : MINN:31951D03001268K
This report and associated web site files provide sediment transport and related data for coarse-bed streams and rivers to potential users. Information on bedload and suspended sediment transport, streamflow, channel geometry, channel bed material, floodplain material, and large particle transport is provided for 33 study reaches in Idaho that represent a wide range of drainage areas, average annual streamflows, channel gradients, and substrate sizes. All the study reaches have a coarser layer of surface bed material overlaying finer subsurface material. Both bedload and suspended sediment transport increase with discharge and the relationship can be reasonably represented using a log-log model. At most sites, the suspended load makes up the majority of the total sediment load. The size of the largest bedload particle in transport and usually the median size of the bedload increase with discharge. However, the median size of the bedload is much smaller than the channel surface material and sand is the primary or a large component of the bedload material. A large proportion of the annual sediment production occurs at the higher streamflows during snowmelt. On average, discharges equal to or larger than bankfull occur 3.3 percent of the time and transport 61.5 percent of the annual bedload sediment. Discharges less than the average annual discharge, on average, occur 75.0 percent of the time and transport about 3.8 percent of the annual bedload sediment.
Author : William G. Characklis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Water quality management
ISBN : IND:30000090323530
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 998 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Hydraulic engineering
ISBN : IOWA:31858035472665
Author : C. T. Hsu,William Edgar Watt
Publisher : Kingston, Ont. : Queen's University
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Runoff
ISBN : OCLC:21576227
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Navarro River (Calif.)
ISBN : UCR:31210025009083
Author : Jonathan L. Goodall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Erosion
ISBN : OCLC:1379191822
If a design engineer can show that a project site will produce non-erosive sheet flow, the cost and complexity of stormwater control measures that must be built for that site can be significantly reduced. However, the criteria for establishing non-erosive sheet flow are not well defined in the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Drainage Manual. This lack of a clear definition can result in uncertainty for projects when establishing non-erosive sheet flow through natural grading at sites or using stormwater control measures such as level spreaders. To address this issue, this study conducted a series of computer modeling simulations to understand how key properties of a hillslope affect sediment export. The properties investigated were slope, hillslope length, soil hydraulic conductivity, and surface roughness. The Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model, Version 2, developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, was used for the simulations. Simulations were conducted for 24-hour design storms with total rainfall depths from 2 to 7 in. These design storms represent 2-year to 10-year return period storms for counties and cities across Virginia. To validate the modeling results and relate them to real-world hillslopes, 18 sites proposed by VDOT engineers were investigated to measure their properties and to observe the presence or absence of erosive flow at the sites. The results of the study documented how slope, hillslope length, soil hydraulic conductivity, and surface roughness affect sediment transport from a computer-simulated hillslope. Slope and hillslope length were the most important variables, each having a linear relationship with total sediment yield and peak sediment discharge. Hydraulic conductivity and surface roughness, measured using Manning’s roughness, showed a negative correlation with total sediment yield and peak sediment discharge. A regression analysis resulted in a simple equation to estimate peak sediment discharge based on the properties of a hillslope and the total amount of rainfall received over the 24-hour design storm. Applying the regression model to the field sites showed that the model generally matched what was found in the field, although each site had unique complexities that had to be considered. The study concluded that it is possible to use a regression equation with only a few easily obtained hillslope characteristics to estimate peak sediment discharge. Further, a peak sediment value of 5 g/s per width of hillslope for a 2-year, 24-hour design storm is a reasonable threshold for determining if a hillslope is at risk of producing erosive flows. The study recommends that VDOT disseminate the outcomes of this study to designers so that they can better understand when hillslopes will generate erosive sheet flow. Further, VDOT should continue to identify and record locations in the field where efforts to establish sheet flow resulted in erosive flows so that the peak sediment threshold values proposed in this study can be further tested and refined. If VDOT implements these recommendations, it will allow designers to better ensure that hillslopes will result in non-erosive sheet flow, thereby avoiding the need for more expensive stormwater control measures while at the same time protecting the environment and water quality from harmful erosion.
Author : M. E. Holland
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Flood control
ISBN : MINN:31951D01550270P
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Floods
ISBN : UFL:31262044090370
Author : Anonim
Publisher : National Technical Info Svc
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : MINN:31951D01965537O
This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.