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Author : J. L. Holloway (III, et al)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Armed Forces
ISBN : OCLC:1424464340
Author : Major Peter D. Buck USMC
Publisher : Pickle Partners Publishing
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782899686
Operation Eagle Claw was tactically feasible, operationally vacant, and strategically risky. This paper examines the failed hostage rescue mission conducted by the U.S. in Iran during April of 1980. The following text will recreate the rescue mission in its historical context while identifying factors across the three levels of war which contributed to its outcome. The three levels of war referred to in this discussion are the tactical, operational and strategic levels. This study concludes that (1) The fall of the Shah unearthed a gap in U.S. military influence in the Middle East which could not rapidly be overcome; (2) the hostage rescue mission, although tied directly to the strategic objective of returning the 53 American hostages, provided little influence in terms of salvaging U.S. honor and interests in the Middle East. In reality, it is probable that mission failure protracted eventual diplomatic resolution of the crisis; (3) the hostage rescue mission, a limited objective and high risk raid, should only have been executed in the event that hostages lives were directly threatened; and (4) since 1961, sixty-six separate hostage, kidnapping, or hijacking incidents have occurred involving U.S. diplomats, servicemen, and private citizens. The frequency of these actions equate to 1.6 per year over the past 41 years. This data demonstrates the relevancy of the subject and the frequency of its occurrence.
Author : United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Special Operations Review Group
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Hostages
ISBN : HARVARD:32044031712185
In May 1980, the Joint Chiefs of Staff commissioned a Special Operations Review Group to conduct a broad examination of the planning, organization, coordination, direction, and control of the Iranian hostage rescue mission, as a basis for recommending improvement in these areas for the future. The Review Group consisted of six senior military officers three who had retired after distinguished careers, and three still on active duty. The broad military experience of the group gave it an appropriate perspective from which to conduct an appraisal. Details on the participants, the Terms of Reference they operated under, and their approach to the subject are contained in this document. The Review Group has made its final report to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Copies have been forwarded to the Secretary of Defense, as have the related, early recommendations of the Joint Chiefs. A highly classified report also has been transmitted to appropriate committees in the Congress. Because it is important that as much detail as possible be made available to the American public, the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has conducted a declassification review to produce this version. The issues and findings have been retained in as close a form as possible to the original, classified version. In particular, the Executive Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations remain virtually the same as in the original.
Author : Paul B. Ryan
Publisher : US Naval Institute Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015009315865
En fremstilling af det forgæves amerikanske forsøg i april 1980 på at befri det af iranerne indespærrede amerikanske ambassade personale i Teheran gennem en luftbåren kommandoaktion.
Author : United States. President (1977-1981 : Carter)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Hostages
ISBN : MINN:319510028612197
Author : United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Special Operations Review Group
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Communications, Military
ISBN : UIUC:30112012302078
Author : André Brie,José Paulo Martins Casaca,Azadeh Zabeti
Publisher : Editions L'Harmattan
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Human rights
ISBN : 2747593819
Author : James H. Kyle,John Robert Eidson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Hostages
ISBN : 034544695X
One of the highest-ranking officers on the ground in Iran reveals the untold story of the Iran hostage rescue mission that took place in 1980. In this riveting account, Col. Kyle takes readers from the initial brainstorming sessions and training camps to desert rehearsals to the desert refueling site where he decided to abort. (May)
Author : Mark Bowden
Publisher : Open Road + Grove/Atlantic
Page : 710 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781555846084
The New York Times–bestselling author of Black Hawk Down delivers a “suspenseful and inspiring” account of the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979 (The Wall Street Journal). On November 4, 1979, a group of radical Islamist students, inspired by the revolutionary Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini, stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran. They took fifty-two Americans captive, and kept nearly all of them hostage for 444 days. In Guests of the Ayatollah, Mark Bowden tells this sweeping story through the eyes of the hostages, the soldiers in a new special forces unit sent to free them, their radical, naïve captors, and the diplomats working to end the crisis. Bowden takes us inside the hostages’ cells and inside the Oval Office for meetings with President Carter and his exhausted team. We travel to international capitals where shadowy figures held clandestine negotiations, and to the deserts of Iran, where a courageous, desperate attempt to rescue the hostages exploded into tragic failure. Bowden dedicated five years to this research, including numerous trips to Iran and countless interviews with those involved on both sides. Guests of the Ayatollah is a detailed, brilliantly recreated, and suspenseful account of a crisis that gripped and ultimately changed the world. “The passions of the moment still reverberate . . . you can feel them on every page.” —Time “A complex story full of cruelty, heroism, foolishness and tragic misunderstandings.” —Pittsburgh Post-Gazette “Essential reading . . . A.” —Entertainment Weekly
Author : Robert Anthony Wright
Publisher : Other PressLlc
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9781590514139
Presents the story of the role of the Canadian ambassador to Iran, Kenneth Taylor, who protected six American embassy employees during the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979 and coordinated their successful escape from Iran.
Author : Lucien S. Vandenbroucke
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1993-10-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780195364439
In the past three decades, the United States government has used special operations repeatedly in an effort to achieve key foreign policy objectives, such as in the overthrow of Fidel Castro in Cuba and the rescuing of American hostages in Iran. Many of these secret missions carried out by highly trained commando forces have failed. In Perilous Options, Lucien Vandenbroucke examines the use and misuse of such special operations through an in-depth analysis of four operations--the Bay of Pigs invasion, the Sontay raid to rescue POWs in North Vietnam, the Mayaguez operation, and the Iran hostage rescue mission. Drawing extensively on declassified government documents, interviews with key decision makers and participants in these episodes, and other primary material, Perilous Options identifies recurrent problems in the way the United States government has prepared and executed such operations. These recurrent problems, outlined by key participants in these four special operations, include faulty intelligence, poor interagency and interservice cooperation and coordination, inadequate information and advice provided to decisionmakers, wishful thinking on the part of decisionmakers, and overcontrol of mission execution from outside the theater of operations. Vandenbroucke also explores the extent to which recent efforts to revitalize the U.S. operations capability have addressed these problems, identifying additional changes that can improve the government's ability to plan, evaluate, and execute such operations.
Author : Rose McDermott
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0472087878
Discusses the way leaders deal with risk in making foreign policy decisions
Author : Richard A. Gabriel
Publisher : Hill and Wang
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1986-08-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781466807792
Former soldier and author Richard Gabriel offers a prescription for reform based on his twenty years of military experience. The history of American military operations in the post-Vietnam era has been marked by failure and near-disaster. Since 1970, American forces have been committed in five operations--in Sontay to rescue prisoners, in Cambodia on behalf of the crew of the Mayaguez, in Iran to rescue the American hostages, in Beirut, and in Grenada--and in each case they have failed. Gabriel tells how and why each was crippled by faulty intelligence, clumsy execution, or poor planning by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Much of his information is still classified by the Pentagon and is revealed here for the first time.
Author : R. Conrad Stein
Publisher : Children's Press
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : 0516066811
Describes the 1979-1981 Iran hostage crisis.
Author : James R. Locher
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : 1585443980
War is waged not only on battlefields. In the mid-1980s a high-stakes political struggle to redesign the relationships among the president, secretary of defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and warfighting commanders in the field resulted in the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. Author James R. Locher III played a key role in the congressional effort to repair a dysfunctional military whose interservice squabbling had cost American taxpayers billions of dollars and put the lives of thousands of servicemen and women at risk. Victory on this front helped make possible the military successes the United States has enjoyed since the passage of the bill and to prepare it for the challenges it must still face.Victory on the Potomac provides the first detailed history of how Congress unified the Pentagon and does so with the benefit of an insider's view. In a fast-paced account that reads like a novel, Locher follows the bill through congressional committee to final passage, making clear that the process is neither abstract nor automatic. His vivid descriptions bring to life the amazing cast of this real-life drama, from the straight-shooting chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Barry Goldwater, to the peevishly stubborn secretary of defense, Caspear Weinberger.Locher's analysis of political maneuvering and bureaucratic infighting will fascinate anyone who has an interest in how government works, and his understanding of the stakes in military reorganization will make clear why this legislative victory meant so much to American military capability. James R. Locher III, a graduate of West Point and Harvard Business School began his career in Washington as an executive trainee in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He has worked in the White House, the Pentagon, and the Senate. During the period covered by this book, he was a staff member for the Senate Committee on Armed Services. Since then, he has served as an assistant secretary of defense in the first Bush and the early Clinton administrations. Currently, he works as a consultant and lecturer on defense matters.