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Author : Gunter Oberdörster,William E. Pepelko
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Carcinogenesis
ISBN : UCSD:31822017647009
Author : Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1998-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309591928
New National Ambient Air Quality Standards for airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amidst scientific uncertainty and controversy. In response to a request from Congress, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, the first of four books in a series, offers a conceptual framework for an integrated national program of particulate-matter research, identifies the 10 most critical research needs linked to key policy-related scientific uncertainties, and describes the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The committee concludes that EPA should devote more resources to investigating the relationships between fixed-site outdoor monitoring data and actual human breathing-zone exposures to ambient particulate matter and to identifying the most biologically important constituents and characteristics of particulate matter through toxicological studies. The recommended research activities are critical to determining actual exposures of human subpopulations most susceptible to harm from the most hazardous constituents of particulate matter. Future research will be an investment in public health and a means to ensure that resources spent on control technology and regulatory compliance will have a reasonable probability of success.
Author : C. K. Tran,Health and Safety Executive Staff,B. G. Miller,A. D. Jones,Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive,Institute of Occupational Medicine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-08-04
Category : Industrial hygiene
ISBN : 0717627217
This is a report on risk assessment of inhaled particles using a physiologically based mechanistic model. There is a need in biological research to minimize the use of animal experimentation, but procedures to set exposure limits via the concept of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) have traditionally needed large numbers of animals to investigate levels corresponding to low risks. Dynamic modelling has been proposed as an alternative method, but is deterministic in nature. introduce random variation into the parameters of these models, in order to simulate the behaviour of a population with interindividual variation. We have applied this approach to a mathematical model describing the deposition, retention and clearance in the lung of a poorly soluble dust of low toxicity (TiO2), and inflammation resulting from the presence of the dust. Population variation (either animal or human) was simulated by generating 1000 variable instances of the key parameter sets. Predictions of lung burden, lymph node burden and recruitment of the inflammatory cells PMN were found to be most strongly influenced by individual breathing rates, and variation was close to linear in all the important parameters.
Author : Louis Anthony Cox Jr
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030573591
This book highlights quantitative risk assessment and modeling methods for assessing health risks caused by air pollution, as well as characterizing and communicating remaining uncertainties. It shows how to apply modern data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning, causal analytics, mathematical modeling, and risk analysis to better quantify human health risks caused by environmental and occupational exposures to air pollutants. The adverse health effects that are caused by air pollution, and preventable by reducing it, instead of merely being statistically associated with exposure to air pollution (and with other many conditions, from cold weather to low income) have proved to be difficult to quantify with high precision and confidence, largely because correlation is not causation. This book shows how to use recent advances in causal analytics and risk analysis to determine more accurately how reducing exposures affects human health risks. Quantitative Risk Analysis of Air Pollution Health Effects is divided into three parts. Part I focuses mainly on quantitative simulation modelling of biological responses to exposures and resulting health risks. It considers occupational risks from asbestos and crystalline silica as examples, showing how dynamic simulation models can provide insights into more effective policies for protecting worker health. Part II examines limitations of regression models and the potential to instead apply machine learning, causal analysis, and Bayesian network learning methods for more accurate quantitative risk assessment, with applications to occupational risks from inhalation exposures. Finally, Part III examines applications to public health risks from air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. The book applies freely available browser analytics software and data sets that allow readers to download data and carry out many of the analyses described, in addition to applying the techniques discussed to their own data.
Author : Committee on Damp Indoor Spaces and Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309133395
Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 844 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Diesel fuels
ISBN : UCBK:C086889679
Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 703 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1988-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309037266
"The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 832 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : MINN:31951D01191490A
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : PSU:000032135084
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health Effects of Waste Incineration
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2000-10-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309063715
Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1434 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : PSU:000033099545
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NWU:35556034775189
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Air quality
ISBN : PSU:000031670111
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 856 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924077914319
Author : J H Duffus
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781782424413
Focuses on the state of scientific knowledge about the carcinogenicity of metals, their compounds and other inorganic substances. It provides a valuable guide for chemists involved in risk assessment, health and safety and toxicology.