Rethinking The Ozone Problem In Urban And Regional Air Pollution

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Tropospheric Ozone
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1992-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309046312

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Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Tropospheric Ozone Pdf

Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309146401

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Hidden Costs of Energy by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption Pdf

Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.

Author : W. Seiler,K.-H. Becker,E. Schaller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401003995

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Tropospheric Chemistry by W. Seiler,K.-H. Becker,E. Schaller Pdf

The formation, transport and impact of photo-oxidants, e.g., ozone, is a major environmental problem in densely populated areas with corresponding high emissions of ozone precursor substances such as NOx and volatile organic carbon compounds (VOC). Although major progress has been achieved within the last decade, there are still significant uncertainties in our understanding of the chemical behavior of the polluted atmosphere, in particular the interaction between cities and surrounding areas as well as the contribution of pollution to the global changes, e.g., the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. This book focuses on specific issues related to the chemistry of polluted atmospheres. The main issues cover areas such as modelling, emission inventories, chemical transformation as well as transport of pollutants on an urban/regional scale. The overall topic of the book is addressed in an interdisciplinary approach. The book is of specific interest for advanced researchers in tropospheric chemistry, from the PhD or post-doctoral levels and beyond.

Author : Ann Carlson,Dallas Burtraw
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108421522

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Lessons from the Clean Air Act by Ann Carlson,Dallas Burtraw Pdf

Examines the successes and failures of the Clean Air Act in order to lay a foundation for future energy policy.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Models in the Regulatory Decision Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007-08-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309110006

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Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Models in the Regulatory Decision Process Pdf

Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.

Author : Cynthia Rosenzweig,William D. Solecki,Patricia Romero-Lankao,Shagun Mehrotra,Shobhakar Dhakal,Somayya Ali Ibrahim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 855 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-29
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781316603338

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Climate Change and Cities by Cynthia Rosenzweig,William D. Solecki,Patricia Romero-Lankao,Shagun Mehrotra,Shobhakar Dhakal,Somayya Ali Ibrahim Pdf

Climate Change and Cities bridges science-to-action for climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts in cities around the world.

Author : Arthur C. Stern
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1984-05-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323161589

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Fundamentals of Air Pollution 2e by Arthur C. Stern Pdf

Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Second Edition discusses the basic chemistry, physics, and engineering of air pollution. This edition explores the processes and equipment that produce less pollution in the atmosphere. This book is comprised of six parts encompassing 28 chapters. This text starts with an overview of the predominant air pollution problems during the Industrial Revolution, including smoke and ash produced by burning oil or coal in the boiler furnaces of power plants, marine vessels, and locomotives. This edition then explores the mathematical models of atmospheric transport and diffusion and discusses the air pollution control in communities. Other chapters deal with atmospheric chemistry, control technology, and visibility through the atmosphere. This book further examines the regulatory concepts that have become more significant, such as the bubble concept, air quality, emission standards, and the trading and banking of emission rights. Air pollution scientists, atmospheric scientists, ecologists, engineers, educators, researchers, and students will find this book extremely useful.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309445658

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The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on the Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research Pdf

Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.

Author : Dennis J. Kotchmar,J. H. Garner,Donald Gardner,Beverly Comfort
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 710 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1996-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 0788132490

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Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen by Dennis J. Kotchmar,J. H. Garner,Donald Gardner,Beverly Comfort Pdf

Evaluates the latest scientific data on health effects of NOx measured in laboratory animals and exposed human populations and the effects of NOx on agricultural corps, forests and ecosystems, as well the NOx effects on visibility and non-biological materials. Other chapters describe the nature, sources, distribution, measurement and concentrations of NOx in the environment. Covers all pertinent literature through early 1993. Glossary of terms and symbols. Extensive bibliography. Charts, tables and graphs.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Air
ISBN : UCSD:31822007531601

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Catching Our Breath by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1070 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1993-05-12
Category : Administrative law
ISBN : UIUC:30112059136157

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Federal Register by Anonim Pdf

Author : Tim Ryley,Lee Chapman
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781780524412

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Transport and Climate Change by Tim Ryley,Lee Chapman Pdf

This topical volume covers the intersection between transport and climate change, with papers from the 'Transport & Climate Change' session of the RGS-IBG conference in London, September 2010. It considers the role of transport modes at varying spatial dimensions and a range of perspectives on the relationship between transport and climate change.

Author : Walter Leal Filho,Anabela Marisa Azul,Luciana Brandli,Pinar Gökcin Özuyar,Tony Wall
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319957163

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Sustainable Cities and Communities by Walter Leal Filho,Anabela Marisa Azul,Luciana Brandli,Pinar Gökcin Özuyar,Tony Wall Pdf

The problems related to the process of industrialisation such as biodiversity depletion, climate change and a worsening of health and living conditions, especially but not only in developing countries, intensify. Therefore, there is an increasing need to search for integrated solutions to make development more sustainable. The United Nations has acknowledged the problem and approved the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. On 1st January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the Agenda officially came into force. These goals cover the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. The Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals comprehensively addresses the SDGs in an integrated way. The Encyclopedia encompasses 17 volumes, each one devoted to one of the 17 SDGs. This volume addresses SDG 11, namely “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” and contains the description of a range of terms, which allows a better understanding and fosters knowledge. This book presents a set of papers on the state of the art of knowledge and practices about the numerous challenges for cities, solutions and opportunities for the future. Concretely, the defined targets are: Ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums Provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons Enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage Significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations Reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management Provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning Substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials Editorial Board Samuel Borges Barbosa, Luciana Londero Brandli, Elisa Conticelli, Erin A. Hopkins, Olga Kuznetsova, Astrid Skjerven, Hari Srinivas

Author : T. Swanson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 554 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2002-08-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780762308880

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Introduction to the Law and Economics of Environmental Policy by T. Swanson Pdf

"An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Environmental Policy" emphasises the importance of institutional design in addressing social problems. Three important issues concerning institutional design are: policies, instruments, and enforcement. This volume surveys each of the issues, and emphasises the common themes arising in optimal institutional design. These themes include the cost of complex institutional design, and the role of private institutions attaining social objects. This book will be particularly useful to law schools, departments of government, policy or economics, environmental managers and insurance companies.

Author : L. Molina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401004541

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Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity by L. Molina Pdf

In this book, experts in atmospheric sciences, human health, economics, social and political sciences contribute to an integrated assessment of the complex elements needed to structure air quality policy in the 21st century. The analysis is developed through a case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area - one of the world's largest megacities in which air pollution grew unchecked for decades. The international research team is led by Luisa T. and Mario J. Molina, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. Improvements in Mexico City's air quality in the last decade testifies to the power of determined and enlightened policy making, and throws into relief the tough problems that remain to be solved. The volume's first six chapters, including the contributions of over 50 distinguished scholars from Mexico and the US, outline the fundamental areas of knowledge policy makers must accommodate. The message is that only good science and well-chosen technologies can direct the way to corrective regulatory measures; but without strong commitment from government, no amount of science or technology can help.