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Revamping the Examination System by Beena Shah Pdf
Most of the Educational Institutions are following the old pattern of examination based on rote memorization. A national discussion was aimed to suggest practically implementable reform related to examination system, paper-setting, evaluation techniques and conduct of examination and particularly to comprehensive and continuous evaluation. The National Policy on Education (NPE) and Programme of Action (POA)-1986 have also emphasized this theme.
Secondary School External Examination Systems by Barend Vlaardingerbroek,Neil Taylor Pdf
Summative assessment has been a contentious issue in educational circles for several decades, particularly high-stakes assessment events which arise at various junctures of the school cycle, especially those at the end of it. The French Baccalaureat and English A-Levels and their numerous clones throughout the francophone and anglophone worlds are household names and represent milestone events in people's lives, as their outcomes are principal determinants of young people's future prospects. These examinations are external--they are devised, conducted and processed by agencies outside the schools, usually ministerial examination units. As such, they act as 'blind' arbiters of student achievement, providing the proverbial 'level playing field' which ensures the comparability of outcomes. In the pyramidal school structures of yesteryear, examinations acted as filters, regulating the progression of pupils to subsequent tiers of formal education. Exit points occurred from primary school level up, from where unsuccessful candidates could enter the labour force and/or embark on occupationally specific further education and training. With the modernisation of the labour market and an ever-higher social demand for access to higher levels of formal education, the filtering function of examinations at lower levels of schooling has been gradually eroded, while burgeoning numbers of students at the upper secondary level have brought about reforms that include curricular diversification and sometimes radical overhauls of terminating assessment systems (including the modification and, in some instances, abandonment of external examinations). This edited volume brings together the experiences of twenty examination systems from around the world to show how these dynamic entities have adapted over time to the changing context of schooling. Following an introduction by Stephen P. Heyneman of World Bank repute, there are sixteen chapters presenting Country Case Studies, which have been written up under common subheadings, thereby highlighting the comparative nature of the work and facilitating cross-referencing. The subsequent four chapters elaborate on the theme of 'external examinations beyond national borders', including a contribution by the International Baccalaureate Organisation. A defining feature of the work is the attention it pays to what it calls the 'nuts and bolts' of external examinations, from question-setting to grading procedures. These are, it is argued, instrumental in nurturing and maintaining public confidence in external examinations. The book will be of immense value to people involved in educational policy studies, especially strategic educational planning, as well as those directly concerned with formal assessment. The work has been written to appeal to a wide audience of informed persons--it is accessible to teachers and interested laypeople, as well as to academics."
Inclusive Education : Practices and Challenges by Dr. Deepa Sikand Kauts Pdf
This book is an attempt to create awareness among practitioners and to strengthen the focus on inclusion in their strategies and future plans for education and highlight the areas that need particular attention to promote inclusive education and strengthen policy development. With this, we would move a step further and look into the current research trends in inclusive education as well as policy backdrops which provide us with the fair idea that how this idea of equity pedagogy is being propagated in the national educational policies of our country and further their translations in the Indian education realm. Papers compiled exhibit major concerns, issues, challenges and various practices for ensuring inclusion and inclusive pedagogical strategies for effective inclusive education. The researchers have also taken into account the social, cultural and learning diversities and the factors that facilitate to spot and remove barriers to learning and participation in education. It has the power to widen the scope of universal education by promoting access to all learners and accelerating educational equity too. This book also focuses on how stakeholders can contribute to the continuous growth of inclusive education and its implications for society, communities, schools and classrooms as well to provide clarity on theoretical and research perspectives to promote the integration of theory and practice of inclusive education. The volume will be highly beneficial for teachers, parents, policymakers, administrators and students who care about the needs of the learners and the development of an equitable education system in our country.
Inclusive Education by Dr. Darakshan Andlib Khan,Dr. Babita Singh,Nishant Amdhare Pdf
Buy Latest Inclusive Education e-Book for B.Ed 2nd Semester in English specially designed for MGKVP/RTMNU ( Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith & Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University) By Thakur publication.
Revolution and Its Past is a comprehensive study of China from the last quarter of the eighteenth century through to 2018. A fascinating and dramatic narrative, the book compels interest both as a history of an ancient civilization developing into a modern nation-state and as an account of how the Chinese as a people have struggled and continue to work to find their identity in the modern world. Beginning in the last two decades of the reign of the Qianlong emperor (1736–1795), the book provides a baseline that allows readers to understand China’s rapid decline in the nineteenth and part of the twentieth century, and extends into the present day, a time when China has the second largest economy in the world and aims to become a leading global power by 2050. The vast changes that have swept over China between these times are probed through the lens of the broad and important theme of "identities." This fourth edition has been updated throughout, providing a more thorough examination of recent history since 1960, and increasing coverage of such topics as "new Qing history," frontier and ethnicity, women and their roles, environmental concerns and issues, and globalization. Supported by maps, images, tables, online eResources and suggestions for further reading, and written in an engaging, concise, and authoritative style, Revolution and Its Past is the ideal textbook for all students of the history of modern China.
Communication: from Pheromones to the Internet and Beyond by Max L. Swanson Pdf
Max Swanson presents a clear, concise and comprehensive description of communication, from primitive pheromones to sophisticated social networks to future breakthroughs. He answers many questions about the social, cultural and political implications of communication. How do pheromones and the five senses work? In what clever ways do animals and insects communicate? How did languages develop? Why is education so important? Who were the great scientists, and what were their discoveries? How was wireless communication invented? What led to the development of computers, the Internet and smart phones? Why did television become dominant? How do the visual arts inspire people? Why do humans celebrate music and dancing? What are the secrets of effective socializing? When and why did democracies become popular? Why is organized religion losing support in favor of spirituality? How can miscommunication be controlled? In the future, can biofeedback be the answer to overmedication? Why was mapping the human genome such a breakthrough? Will gene therapy and stem cell organ replacement become commonplace? How will mapping the human microbiome improve health? Can nanotechnology do miracles? Will artificial intelligence be realized? Will we communicate with extraterrestrials? When will world government become a reality? These questions and many more are answered here.
Changing Educational Assessment by Patricia Broadfoot,Roger Murphy,Harry Torrance Pdf
Assessment is a key area of interest and debate in education. Its increased use by governments as a powerful means of influencing educational practice are now features of the educational scene worldwide. This volume was the first major international review of such developments and it explores the impact of assessment on all areas of education, from teaching skills to policy-making. The contributors take a global perspective to spotlight the common problems facing teachers and students, policy-makers and politicians through the world as they seek to reconcile issues of equity and national development, educational imperatives and finite state resources. The contributions discuss the changing role of assessment and public examinations, and consider such specific issues as the development of a market economy in educational provision, the difficulties of measuring standards in international studies, and accreditation of absolute rather than relative competencies.
Justice, Crime, and Citizenship in Eurasia by Erica Marat,Lauren A. McCarthy Pdf
What role does law play in post-communist societies? This book examines the law as a social institution in Eurasia, exploring how it is shaped in everyday interactions between state and society, organisations and individuals, and between law enforcement and other government entities. It bridges the gap between theoretically rich work on law-in-action and the empirical reality of Eurasia. The contributions in this volume include research on policing, the legal profession, public attitudes towards law, regime support and oppositional mobilisation, crime policy, and property rights, among others. The studies shift away from the common perception that, in Eurasia, the law exists only as a tool for the state to enforce order and suppress dissent. Instead, they show, through empirical analyses, that citizens evade, use, reinterpret and shape the law even in authoritarian contexts—sometimes containing state violence and challenging the regime, and other times reinforcing state capture from below. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Europe-Asia Studies.
Challenges of Primary Education in Developing Countries by Paul P.W. Achola,Vijayan K. Pillai Pdf
Paul P.W. Achola and Vijayan K. Pillai address factors associated with wastage in primary school education and the solutions to ameliorate low participation in primary education. The book provides an examination of the factors associated with wastage, exploring the interconnectedness of non-enrollment, repetition and dropout. The authors demonstrate that reducing poverty through empowerment programs and citizen participation in school decisions are critical to improving primary school participation.
Tongzhi, which translates into English as “same purpose” or “same will,” was once widely used to mean “comrade.” Since the 1990s, the word has been appropriated by the LGBT community in China and now refers to a broad range of people who do not espouse heteronormativity. Tongzhi Living, the first study of its kind, offers insights into the community of same-sex-attracted men in the metropolitan city of Dalian in northeast China. Based on ethnographic fieldwork by Tiantian Zheng, the book reveals an array of coping mechanisms developed by tongzhi men in response to rapid social, cultural, and political transformations in postsocialist China. According to Zheng, unlike gay men in the West over the past three decades, tongzhi men in China have adopted the prevailing moral ideal of heterosexuality and pursued membership in the dominant culture at the same time they have endeavored to establish a tongzhi culture. They are, therefore, caught in a constant tension of embracing and contesting normality as they try to create a new and legitimate space for themselves. Tongzhi men’s attempts to practice both conformity and rebellion paradoxically undercut the goals they aspire to reach, Zheng shows, perpetuating social prejudice against them and thwarting the activism they believe they are advocating.
Teacher Quality and Education Policy in India by Preeti Kumar,Alexander W. Wiseman Pdf
By drawing on quantitative data and qualitative analyses of five major national education policies implemented in India over the last 15 years, this comprehensive volume explores their impact on teacher quality and perceived effectiveness, explaining how this relates to variations in student performance. Responding to a national agenda to increase the quality of the Indian teacher workforce, Teacher Quality and Education Policy in India critically questions the application of human capital theory to Indian education policy. Chapters provide in-depth and strategically structured analyses of five national policies – including the recently approved National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 – to see how Indian policymakers use teacher quality as a driver and measurement of education and national economic development. Ultimately, the text offers evidence-based policy recommendations to improve teacher quality in India, suggesting that while all five policies have contributed significant frameworks and recommendations for teacher quality reform, they have failed to move beyond a symbolic function. Given its rigorous methodological approach, this book will be a valuable addition to the under-researched question of education policymaking in postcolonial contexts. It will be an indispensable resource not only for scholars working on policymaking in the Indian context, but also for those working at the intersection of education, teacher development, and policymaking in developing countries.
Changing Higher Education in East Asia by Simon Marginson,Xin Xu Pdf
East Asia is a most dynamic region and its fast developing higher education and research systems are gathering great momentum. East Asian higher education has common cultural roots in Chinese civilization, and in indigenous traditions, each country has been shaped in different ways by Western intervention, and all are building global strategies. Shared educational agendas combine with long political tensions and rising national identities. Hope and fear touch each other. What are the prospects for regional harmony-in-diversity? How do internationalization and indigenization interplay in higher education in this remarkable region, where so much of the future of humanity will be decided? Experts from Australia, China mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK and Vietnam probe these dynamics, with original perspectives, robust evidence and brilliant writing. Changing Higher Education in East Asia deepens our understanding of internationalization and globalization agendas such as world-class universities and international students. It takes readers further, exploring the role of higher education in furthering the global public and common good, world citizenship education, the internationalization of the humanities and social sciences, geopolitics and higher education development, cross-border academic mobility, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on regional student mobility, and future regionalization in East Asia.
