Review Of Testing And Evaluation Methodology For Biological Point Detectors

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Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors
Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2005-06-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309091794

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Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Review of Testing and Evaluation Methodology for Biological Point Detectors Pdf

This report examines the proposed testing methodology and facility that the Department of Defense (DOD) will use to test and evaluate the effectiveness of its detection system against biological warfare agentsâ€"an issue that impacts battlefield missions as well as homeland security missions. The report assesses a proposal to construct a whole system live agent testing facility at West Center Test Center, Dugway Proving Ground in Utah for testing the Joint Biological Point Detection System (JBPDS). Because of scientific and schedule-related risks, the report recommends an alternate approach that focuses test and evaluation efforts on leveraging existing data, improving simulated biological agents for use in testing, testing in conditions that more closely resemble the actual field conditions where the JBPDS would be deployed, and modeling for predicted performance against actual biological agents. The report concludes that an integrated testing and evaluation plan encompassing all of these factors will be needed.

BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance

National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System
BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309187633

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BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Effectiveness of National Biosurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System Pdf

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the anthrax letters, the ability to detect biological threats as quickly as possible became a top priority. In 2003 the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) introduced the BioWatch program-a federal monitoring system intended to speed detection of specific biological agents that could be released in aerosolized form during a biological attack. The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. BioWatch and Public Health Surveillance also examines infectious disease surveillance through hospitals and public health agencies in the United States, and considers whether BioWatch and traditional infectious disease surveillance are redundant or complementary.

A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Determining a Standard Unit of Measure for Biological Aerosols
A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Determining a Standard Unit of Measure for Biological Aerosols
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309111508

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A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Determining a Standard Unit of Measure for Biological Aerosols Pdf

Biological warfare agent (BWA) detectors are designed to provide alerts to military personnel of the presence of dangerous biological agents. Detecting such agents promptly makes it possible to minimize contamination and personnel exposure and initiate early treatment. It is also important, though, that detectors not raise an alarm when the situation does not warrant it. The question considered in this book is whether Agent-Containing Particles per Liter of Air (ACPLA) is an appropriate unit of measure for use in the evaluation of aerosol detectors and whether a better, alternative measure can be developed. The book finds that ACPLA alone cannot determine whether a health threat exists. In order to be useful and comparable across all biological agents and detection systems, measurements must ultimately be related to health hazard. A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols outlines the possibility of a more complex, but more useful measurement framework that makes it possible to evaluate relative hazard by including agent identity and activity, particle size, and infectious dose.

Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL, Phase 3

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL
Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL Phase 3 Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309225472

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Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL, Phase 3 by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL Pdf

In 2003, the Boston University Medical Center (BUMC) was awarded a $128 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to build one of two national maximum-containment laboratory facilities for pathogen research. The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL) are meant to support the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases' biodefense research agenda, conducting research to develop new approaches to treating, preventing, and diagnosing a variety of bacterial and viral diseases. The facility includes a biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment laboratory housed in a 192,000 square foot building. Although the NEIDL BSL-4 laboratory accounts for only 13 percent of the building's total space, it has been the source of virtually all of the community concern surrounding this project. The location of the facility on Albany Street in Boston's South End, which is an environmental justice community, has been controversial, and there have been numerous public meetings over the plans for the facility as well as three legal actions challenging the project. Continuing Assistance to the National Institutes of Health on Preparation of Additional Risk Assessments for the Boston University NEIDL, Phase 3, the fifth in a series of reports about the proposed facility, provides further technical input on the scope and design of any additional studies that may be needed to assess the risks associated with the siting and operation of the NEIDL. This report presents comments and questions on a "90 percent", or penultimate, draft of the revised risk assessment. According to the report, the "90 percent" draft of the risk assessment is a substantial improvement over past documents reviewed. Additionally, the report makes recommendations to improve the version that is ultimately prepared for public comment.

Protecting Building Occupants and Operations from Biological and Chemical Airborne Threats

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Protecting Occupants of DOD Buildings from Chemical and Biological Release
Protecting Building Occupants and Operations from Biological and Chemical Airborne Threats Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Protecting Occupants of DOD Buildings from Chemical and Biological Release
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309179270

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Protecting Building Occupants and Operations from Biological and Chemical Airborne Threats by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Protecting Occupants of DOD Buildings from Chemical and Biological Release Pdf

Protecting buildings and their occupants from biological and chemical attacks to ensure continuous building operations is seen as an urgent need in the Department of Defense, given recent technological advances and the changing threats. Toward this end, the Department of Defense established the Immune Building Program to develop protective systems to deter biological and chemical attacks on military facilities and minimize the impacts of attacks should they occur. At the request of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the National Research Council convened a committee to provide guiding principles for protecting buildings from airborne biological or chemical threat agents and outline the variables and options to consider in designing building protection systems. This report addresses such components of building protection as building design and planning strategies; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems; filtration; threat detection and identification technologies; and operational responses. It recommends that building protection systems be designed to accommodate changing building conditions, new technologies, and emerging threats. Although the report's focus is on protection of military facilities, the guiding principles it offers are applicable to protection of public facilities as well.

Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States

Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States
Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States Book PDF

Author : Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2006-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309102452

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Countering Urban Terrorism in Russia and the United States by Russian Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States Pdf

In January-February 2005, the National Academies Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States and the Russian Academy of Sciences Standing Committee on Counterterrorism held a workshop on urban terrorism in Washington, D.C. Prior to the workshop, three working groups convened to focus on the topics of energy systems vulnerabilities, transportation systems vulnerabilities, and cyberterrorism issues. The working groups met with local experts and first responders, prepared reports, and presented their findings at the workshop. Other workshop papers focused on various organizations' integrated response to acts of urban terrorism, recent acts of terrorism, radiological terrorism, biological terrorism, cyberterrorism, and the roots of terrorism.

Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Standing Committee on Health Threats and Workforce Resilience
Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Standing Committee on Health Threats and Workforce Resilience
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309451680

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Enhancing BioWatch Capabilities Through Technology and Collaboration by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Standing Committee on Health Threats and Workforce Resilience Pdf

The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS's) BioWatch program aims to provide an early indication of an aerosolized biological weapon attack. The first generation of BioWatch air samplers were deployed in 2003. The current version of this technology, referred to as Generation 2 (Gen-2), uses daily manual collection and testing of air filters from each monitor, a process that can take 12 to 36 hours to detect the presence of biological pathogens. Until April 2014, DHS pursued a next-generation autonomous detection technology that aimed to shorten the time from sample collection to detection to less than 6 hours, reduce the cost of analysis, and increase the number of detectable biological pathogens. Because of concerns about the cost and effectiveness of the proposed Generation 3 system (Gen-3), DHS cancelled its acquisition plans for the next-generation surveillance system. In response to the cancellation announcement, Congress asked the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a review of the program and the proposed system enhancements that would have been incorporated in BioWatch Gen-3. However, Mike Walter, BioWatch Program manager, Office of Health Affairs, DHS, said that DHS did not agree with all of GAO's characterizations of the BioWatch program efforts described in this review. In response to this, DHS requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a workshop to further explore the findings of the 2015 GAO report and discuss the impact these findings may have with regard to the future development of the technical capabilities of the BioWatch program. Workshop participants also discussed existing and possible collaborations between BioWatch, public health laboratories, and other stakeholders that could contribute to the enhancement of biosurveillance capabilities at the federal, state, and local levels. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Nominations to the Executive Office of the President, the Department of Commerce, the NTSB, and the Amtrak Board of Directors

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Nominations to the Executive Office of the President the Department of Commerce the NTSB and the Amtrak Board of Directors Book PDF

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015089026754

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Nominations to the Executive Office of the President, the Department of Commerce, the NTSB, and the Amtrak Board of Directors by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Pdf

Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2005-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309097321

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Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities Pdf

Under the direction of the U.S. Army's Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) and mandated by Congress, the nation is destroying its chemical weapons stockpile. Over the past several years, the Army has requested several studies from the NRC to assist with the stockpile destruction. This study was requested to advise the CMA about the status of analytical instrumentation technology and systems suitable for monitoring airborne chemical warfare agents at chemical weapons disposal and storage facilities. The report presents an assessment of current monitoring systems used for airborne agent detection at CMA facilities and of the applicability and availability of innovative new technologies. It also provides a review of how new regulatory requirements would affect the CMA's current agent monitoring procedures, and whether new measurement technologies are available and could be effectively incorporated into the CMA's overall chemical agent monitoring strategies.

Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems
Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008-08-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309114431

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Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems Pdf

A biological warfare agent (BWA) is a microorganism, or a toxin derived from a living organism, that causes disease in humans, plants, or animals or that causes the deterioration of material. The effectiveness of a BWA is greatly reduced if the attack is detected in time for the target population to take appropriate defensive measures. Therefore, the ability to detect a BWA, in particular to detect it before the target population is exposed, will be a valuable asset to defense against biological attacks. The ideal detection system will have quick response and be able to detect a threat plume at a distance from the target population. The development of reliable biological standoff detection systems, therefore, is a key goal. However, testing biological standoff detection systems is difficult because open-air field tests with BWAs are not permitted under international conventions and because the wide variety of environments in which detectors might be used may affect their performance. This book explores the question of how to determine whether or not a biological standoff detection system fulfills its mission reliably if we cannot conduct open-air field tests with live BWAs.