Risk Based Regulatory Design For The Safe Use Of Hydrogen

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264612327

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Risk-based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen by Anonim Pdf

Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate "hard-to-abate" sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264628809

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Risk-based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen by OECD Pdf

Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate “hard-to-abate” sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport.

Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9264977635

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Risk-Based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate 'hard-to-abate' sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.

Author : Fotis Rigas,Paul Amyotte
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439862315

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Hydrogen Safety by Fotis Rigas,Paul Amyotte Pdf

Hydrogen Safety highlights physiological, physical, and chemical hazards associated with hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and use systems. It also examines potential accident scenarios that could occur with hydrogen use under certain conditions. The number of potential applications for hydrogen continues to grow—from cooling power station generators to widespread commercial use in hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles and other fuel-cell applications. However, this volatile substance poses unique challenges, including easy leakage, low ignition energy, a wide range of combustible fuel-air mixtures, buoyancy, and its ability to embrittle metals that are required to ensure safe operation. Focused on providing a balanced view of hydrogen safety—one that integrates principles from physical sciences, engineering, management, and social sciences—this book is organized to address questions associated with the hazards of hydrogen and the ensuing risk associated with its industrial and public use. What are the properties of hydrogen that can render it a hazardous substance? How have these hazards historically resulted in undesired incidents? How might these hazards arise in the storage of hydrogen and with its use in vehicular transportation? The authors address issues of inherently safer design, safety management systems, and safety culture. They highlight hydrogen storage facilities —which pose greater hazards because of the increased quantities stored and handled—and the dangers of using hydrogen as a fuel for transport. Presented experiments are included to verify computer simulations with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of both gaseous and liquefied hydrogen. The book also provides an overview of the European Commission (EC) Network of Excellence for Hydrogen Safety (HySafe) and presents various case studies associated with hydrogen and constructional materials. It concludes with a brief look at future research requirements and current legal requirements for hydrogen safety.

Author : M. J. Sapko,R. Karl Zipf
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Mine explosions
ISBN : PSU:000061573833

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Explosion Pressure Design Criteria for New Seals in U.S. Coal Mines by M. J. Sapko,R. Karl Zipf Pdf

Seals are barriers constructed in underground coal mines throughout the United States to isolate abandoned mining panels or groups of panels from the active workings. Historically, mining regulations required seals to withstand a 140-kPa (20-psig) explosion pressure. However, the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act ("MINER Act") requires the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) to increase this design standard by the end of 2007. This report provides a sound scientific and engineering justification to recommend a three-tiered explosion pressure design criterion for new seals in coal mines in response to the MINER Act. Much of the information contained in this report also applies to existing seals. Engineers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) examined seal design criteria and practices used in the United States, Europe, and Australia and then classified seals into their various applications. Next, the engineers considered various kinds of explosive atmospheres that can accumulate within sealed areas and used thermodynamic calculations and simple gas explosion models to estimate worst-case explosion pressures that could impact seals. Three design pressure-time curves were developed for the dynamic structural analysis of new seals under the conditions in which those seals may be used: unmonitored seals where there is a possibility of methane-air detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections behind the seal; unmonitored seals with little likelihood of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections; and monitored seals where the amount of potentially explosive methane-air is strictly limited and controlled. Figure I is a simple flowchart that illustrates the key decisions in choosing between the monitored or unmonitored seal design approaches and the three design pressure-time curves. For the first condition, an unmonitored seal with an explosion run-up length of more than 50 m (165 ft), the possibility of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections exists. The recommended design pressure-time curve rises to 4.4 MPa (640 psig) and then falls to the 800-kPa (120-psig) constant volume (CV) explosion overpressure. For unmonitored seals with an explosion run-up length of less than 50 m (165 ft), the possibility of detonation or high-pressure nonreactive shock waves and their reflections is less likely. A less severe design pressure-time curve that simply rises to the 800-kPa (120-psig) CV explosion overpressure may be employed. For monitored seals, engineers can use a 345-kPa (50-psig) design pressure-time curve if monitoring can ensure that (1) the maximum length of explosive mix behind a seal does not exceed 5 m (16 ft) and (2) the volume of explosive mix does not exceed 40% of the total sealed volume. Use of this 345-kPa (50-psig) design pressure-time curve requires monitoring and active management of the sealed area atmosphere. These design pressure-time curves apply to new seal design and construction. NIOSH engineers used these design pressure-time curves along with the Wall Analysis Code (WAC) from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and a simple plug analysis to develop design charts for the minimum required seal thickness to withstand each of these explosion pressure-time curves. These design charts consider a range of practical construction materials used in the mining industry and specify a minimum seal thickness given a certain seal height. Results of these analyses show that resistance to even the 4.4-MPa (640-psig) design pressure time curve can be achieved using common seal construction materials at reasonable thickness, demonstrating the feasibility and practical applications of this report. Engineers can also use other structural analysis programs to analyze and design seals by using the appropriate design pressure-time curve for the structural load and a design safety factor of 2 or more. Finally, this report also provides criteria for monitoring the atmosphere behind seals. NIOSH will continue research efforts to improve underground coal mine sealing strategies and to prevent explosions in sealed areas of coal mines. In collaboration with the U.S. National Laboratories, NIOSH will further examine the dynamics of methane and coal dust explosions in mines and the dynamic response of seals to these explosion loads. This upcoming project seeks to better understand the detonation phenomena and simple techniques to protect seals from transient pressures. Additional work will include field measurements of the atmosphere within sealed areas. Successful implementation of the seal design criteria and the associated recommendations in this report for new seal design and construction should significantly reduce the risk of seal failure due to explosions in abandoned areas of underground coal mines.

Author : National Academy of Engineering,National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Alternatives and Strategies for Future Hydrogen Production and Use
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2004-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309091633

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The Hydrogen Economy by National Academy of Engineering,National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee on Alternatives and Strategies for Future Hydrogen Production and Use Pdf

The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.

Author : Alexei Kotchourko,Thomas Jordan
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128204955

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Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications by Alexei Kotchourko,Thomas Jordan Pdf

Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications: Engineering Design, Risk Assessment, and Codes and Standards presents different aspects of contemporary knowledge regarding the hazards, risks and safety connected with hydrogen systems. Sections cover the main hydrogen technologies and explore the scientific aspects of possible sources and consequences of accidental events that can occur when hydrogen is used, including in its vehicular applications. Risk assessment, as well as the safety measures/safety barriers applicable in such situations are also considered. Finally, a short survey concerning legal aspects is presented. Provides factual material, such as models, correlations, tables, nomograms and formulas that can be used to perform evaluations and propose mitigation measures Presents reference data and detailed descriptions and guidelines for contemporary risk assessment methodologies Covers accident phenomena and consequences of accidents specific to hydrogen systems in a widely and applicable way for a wide variety of hydrogen activities

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 920121510X

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Safety of Nuclear Power Plants by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

On the basis of the principles included in the Fundamental Safety Principles, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF-1, this Safety Requirements publication establishes requirements applicable to the design of nuclear power plants. It covers the design phase and provides input for the safe operation of the power plant. It elaborates on the safety objective, safety principles and concepts that provide the basis for deriving the safety requirements that must be met for the design of a nuclear power plant. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Applying the safety principles and concepts; 3. Management of safety in design; 4. Principal technical requirements; 5. General plant design; 6. Design of specific plant systems.

Author : Prabhakar V. Varde,Raghu V. Prakash,Gopika Vinod
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1015 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811390081

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Reliability, Safety and Hazard Assessment for Risk-Based Technologies by Prabhakar V. Varde,Raghu V. Prakash,Gopika Vinod Pdf

This volume presents selected papers from the International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Hazard. It presents the latest developments in reliability engineering and probabilistic safety assessment, and brings together contributions from a diverse international community and covers all aspects of safety, reliability, and hazard assessment across a host of interdisciplinary applications. This book will be of interest to researchers in both academia and the industry.

Author : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 900 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Nuclear energy
ISBN : UIUC:30112071982182

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Rules and Regulations by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Pdf

Author : International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group,International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015042637481

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Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants by International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group,International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

The present report is a revision of Safety Series No. 75-INSAG-3 (1988), updating the statements made on the objectives and principles of safe design and operation for electricity generating nuclear power plants. It includes the improvements made in the safety of operating nuclear power plants and identifies the principles underlying the best current safety policies to be applied in future plants. It presents INSAG's understanding of the principles underlying the best current safety policies and practices of the nuclear power industry.

Author : International Energy Agency,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9789264108837

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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells by International Energy Agency,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Hydrogen and fuel cells are vital technologies to ensure a secure and CO2-free energy future. Their development will take decades of extensive public and private effort to achieve technology breakthroughs and commercial maturity. Government research programs are indispensable for catalyzing the development process. This report maps the IEA countries' current efforts to research, develop and deploy the interlocking elements that constitute a "hydrogen economy", including CO2 capture and storage when hydrogen is produced out of fossil fuels. It provides an overview of what is being done, and by whom, covering an extensive complexity of national government R & D programs. The survey highlights the potential for exploiting the benefits of the international cooperation. This book draws primarily upon information contributed by IEA governments. In virtually all the IEA countries, important R & D and policy efforts on hydrogen and fuel cells are in place and expanding. Some are fully-integrated, government-funded programs, some are a key element in an overall strategy spread among multiple public and private efforts. The large amount of information provided in this publication reflects the vast array of technologies and logistics required to build the "hydrogen economy."--Publisher description.

Author : Gary W. Hunter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NASA:31769000601552

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A Survey and Analysis of Commercially Available Hydrogen Sensors by Gary W. Hunter Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Business Pub.
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business enterprises
ISBN : 1569735689

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The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by Anonim Pdf

The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015061028521

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Risk Informed Regulation of Nuclear Facilities by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

This report contains guidance on the use of risk information by a regulatory body as part of an integrated decision-making process, covering risk informed decision making and risk informed regulation processes. It considers the advantages and potential safety benefits of risk informed regulation, as well as possible problem areas and expected difficulties.