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The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Provides specific principles, concepts, and methods for quantifying and reporting GHG reductions from climate change mitigation projects. This report serves as a tool for determining the greenhouse gas emission reduction benefits of climate mitigation projects.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 346 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2011-01-07 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309145947
Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change Pdf
Global climate change is one of America's most significant long-term policy challenges. Human activity-especially the use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, livestock production, waste disposal, and land use change-is affecting global average temperatures, snow and ice cover, sea-level, ocean acidity, growing seasons and precipitation patterns, ecosystems, and human health. Climate-related decisions are being carried out by almost every agency of the federal government, as well as many state and local government leaders and agencies, businesses and individual citizens. Decision makers must contend with the availability and quality of information, the efficacy of proposed solutions, the unanticipated consequences resulting from decisions, the challenge of implementing chosen actions, and must consider how to sustain the action over time and respond to new information. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change, a volume in the America's Climate Choices series, describes and assesses different activities, products, strategies, and tools for informing decision makers about climate change and helping them plan and execute effective, integrated responses. It discusses who is making decisions (on the local, state, and national levels), who should be providing information to make decisions, and how that information should be provided. It covers all levels of decision making, including international, state, and individual decision making. While most existing research has focused on the physical aspect of climate change, Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change employs theory and case study to describe the efforts undertaken so far, and to guide the development of future decision-making resources. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change offers much-needed guidance to those creating public policy and assists in implementing that policy. The information presented in this book will be invaluable to the research community, especially social scientists studying climate change; practitioners of decision-making assistance, including advocacy organizations, non-profits, and government agencies; and college-level teachers and students.
Cities and Climate Change by Daniel Hoornweg,Mila Freire,Marcus J. Lee,Perinaz Bhada-Tata,Belinda Yuen Pdf
This book provides the latest knowledge and practice in responding to the challenge of climate change in cities. Case studies focus on topics such as New Orleans in the context of a fragile environment, a framework to include poverty in the cities and climate change discussion, and measuring the impact of GHG emissions.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 124 pages File Size : 45,6 Mb Release : 2010-07-28 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309152112
Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Methods for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pdf
The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Improving Measurement, Monitoring, Presentation of Results, and Development of Inventories
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Improving Measurement, Monitoring, Presentation of Results, and Development of Inventories Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 251 pages File Size : 51,9 Mb Release : 2018-08-25 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309470506
Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States: Improving Measurement, Monitoring, Presentation of Results, and Development of Inventories Pdf
Understanding, quantifying, and tracking atmospheric methane and emissions is essential for addressing concerns and informing decisions that affect the climate, economy, and human health and safety. Atmospheric methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. While carbon dioxide is by far the dominant cause of the rise in global average temperatures, methane also plays a significant role because it absorbs more energy per unit mass than carbon dioxide does, giving it a disproportionately large effect on global radiative forcing. In addition to contributing to climate change, methane also affects human health as a precursor to ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere. Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States summarizes the current state of understanding of methane emissions sources and the measurement approaches and evaluates opportunities for methodological and inventory development improvements. This report will inform future research agendas of various U.S. agencies, including NOAA, the EPA, the DOE, NASA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Driving Climate Change by Daniel Sperling,James S. Cannon Pdf
Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing global society. The debate over what to do is confounded by the uncertain relationship between increasing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and the impact of those changes on nature and human civilization. Driving Climate Change will provide professionals and students alike with the latest information regarding greenhouse emissions while presenting the most up-to-date techniques for reducing these emissions. It will investigate three broad strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: 1) reducing motorized travel, 2) shifting to less energy intensive modes, and 3) changing fuel and propulsion technologies. Findings will be presented by the leaders in the field with contributions from professors, researchers, consultants and engineers at the most prominent institutions - commercial, academic and federal - dealing with environmental research and policy. Includes a comprehensive evaluation of current industrial practice Provides technologically sound and manageable techniques for engineers, scientists and designers Incorporates guidelines for a sustainable future
Author : David G. Victor Publisher : Princeton University Press Page : 219 pages File Size : 53,8 Mb Release : 2004 Category : Law ISBN : 9780691120263
The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming by David G. Victor Pdf
Even as the evidence of global warming mounts, the international response to this serious threat is coming unraveled. The United States has formally withdrawn from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol; other key nations are facing difficulty in meeting their Kyoto commitments; and developing countries face no limit on their emissions of the gases that cause global warming. In this clear and cogent book-reissued in paperback with an afterword that comments on recent events--David Victor explains why the Kyoto Protocol was never likely to become an effective legal instrument. He explores how its collapse offers opportunities to establish a more realistic alternative. Global warming continues to dominate environmental news as legislatures worldwide grapple with the process of ratification of the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol. The collapse of the November 2000 conference at the Hague showed clearly how difficult it will be to bring the Kyoto treaty into force. Yet most politicians, policymakers, and analysts hailed it as a vital first step in slowing greenhouse warming. David Victor was not among them. Kyoto's fatal flaw, Victor argues, is that it can work only if emissions trading works. The Protocol requires industrialized nations to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases to specific targets. Crucially, the Protocol also provides for so-called "emissions trading," whereby nations could offset the need for rapid cuts in their own emissions by buying emissions credits from other countries. But starting this trading system would require creating emission permits worth two trillion dollars--the largest single invention of assets by voluntary international treaty in world history. Even if it were politically possible to distribute such astronomical sums, the Protocol does not provide for adequate monitoring and enforcement of these new property rights. Nor does it offer an achievable plan for allocating new permits, which would be essential if the system were expanded to include developing countries. The collapse of the Kyoto Protocol--which Victor views as inevitable--will provide the political space to rethink strategy. Better alternatives would focus on policies that control emissions, such as emission taxes. Though economically sensible, however, a pure tax approach is impossible to monitor in practice. Thus, the author proposes a hybrid in which governments set targets for both emission quantities and tax levels. This offers the important advantages of both emission trading and taxes without the debilitating drawbacks of each. Individuals at all levels of environmental science, economics, public policy, and politics-from students to professionals--and anyone else hoping to participate in the debate over how to slow global warming will want to read this book.
National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming
Author : National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 945 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 1992-02-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780309043861
Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming by National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Pdf
Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.
Climate Change and Forests by Charlotte Streck,Robert O'Sullivan,Toby Janson-Smith,Richard Tarasofsky Pdf
The global climate change problem has finally entered the world's consciousness. While efforts to find a solution have increased momentum, international attention has focused primarily on the industrial and energy sectors. The forest, and land-use sector, however, remains one of the most significant untapped opportunities for carbon mitigation. The expiration of the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period in 2012 presents an opportunity for the international community to put this sector back on the agenda. In this timely, wide-ranging volume, an international team of experts explain the links between climate change and forests, highlighting the potential utility of this sector within emerging climate policy frameworks and carbon markets. After framing forestry activities within the larger context of climate-change policy, the contributors analyze the operation and efficacy of market-based mechanisms for forest conservation and climate change. Drawing on experiences from around the world, the authors present concrete recommendations for policymakers, project developers, and market participants. They discuss sequestration rights in Chile, carbon offset programs in Australia and New Zealand, and emerging policy incentives at all levels of the U.S. government. The book also explores the different voluntary schemes for carbon crediting, provides an overview of best practices in carbon accounting, and presents tools for use in future sequestration and offset programs. It concludes with consideration of various incentive options for slowing deforestation and protecting the world's remaining forests. Climate Change and Forests provides a realistic view of the role that the forest and land-use sector can play in a post-Kyoto regime. It will serve as a practical reference manual for anyone concerned about climate policy, including the negotiators working to define a robust and enduring international framework for addressing climate change.
Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases by Mark Liebig,A.J. Franzluebbers,Ronald F Follett Pdf
Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world’s global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications. Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissions Synthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricultural management of global warming potential as an aggregate of GHG emissions
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Author : World Business Council for Sustainable Development Publisher : Unknown Page : 70 pages File Size : 55,6 Mb Release : 2001 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : STANFORD:36105111039686
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol by World Business Council for Sustainable Development Pdf
The mission of the Greenhouse gas protocol initiative (GHG protocol) is to develop and promote internationally accepted greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and reportin standards through an open and inclusive process.
Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants by Xinmin Zhan,Zhenhu Hu,Guangxue Wu Pdf
The wide adoption of wastewater treatment processes and use of novel technologies for improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removals from wastewater have been introduced to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) are one of major contributors to the increase in the global GHG emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarizes the recent development in studies of greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CH4 and CO2) in MWWTPs. It also summarizes the development in life cycle assessment on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy usage in MWWTPs. The strategies in mitigating GHG emissions are discussed and the book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in MWWTPS and industrial wastewater treatment processes. The book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas of research. It is also a useful reference source for water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.
Guidelines for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Asian Development Bank Projects by Asian Development Bank Pdf
Developing Asia has the world's fastest-growing rate of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from power generation. This publication provides additional guidance for ADB clean energy projects. Developing Asia has the world's fastest-growing rate of greenhouse gas emissions, with the leading driver being emissions from power generation. Reducing these emissions is paramount to ensuring a sustainable future while responding to the threat of climate change. This publication provides Asian Development Bank energy sector staff, consultants, and other interested readers with an understanding of key concepts and principles for estimating and reporting on the climate change impacts of energy projects. These guidelines provide more detail on estimating the emissions reductions attributable to energy efficiency and renewable energy projects.