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The importance of lighting for the safety of road users, the convenience of people of all levels of ability, and the prevention of street crime can hardly be exaggerated. Added to this, the considerable number of recent developments and the complexity of the issues involved in effective and environmentally acceptable road lighting make this broadly-based treatment of the subject both timely and welcome.Dr Ir Schreuders aim is to clarify the subject for all those involved in road lighting, from planning, through design and engineering, to implementation and maintenance.
This book outlines the underlying principles on which modern road lighting is based, and provides the reader with knowledge of how these principles should be applied in practice. This book offers a completely fresh approach to the subject, reflecting how the technology of road lighting has progressed to keep up with the changes in lamp technology, especially in solid state light sources, and the increasing awareness of energy use and environmental issues. The book is divided into three parts. Part One describes lighting of open roads, with chapters discussing visual performance and comfort (including the effects of mesopic vision and age), and international standards and recommendations for road lighting. Lighting equipment is introduced; specifically lamps and luminaires in terms of their practical properties and features, but also the road surface and its characteristics. A chapter on Lighting Design makes the link between theory and practice, providing the reader with the knowledge needed for effective lighting design, including aspects relating to sustainability. The final chapter of Part One deals with lighting calculation conventions and measurements. Part Two is devoted to light pollution. The negative consequences of light pollution are described and tactics to restrict light pollution explained. Lighting criteria are defined that can be used by the lighting designer to guarantee installations stay within acceptable limits. International standards and recommendations on the restriction of light pollution are discussed. Part Three is devoted to tunnel lighting, with chapters discussing visual performance in tunnel environments, lighting criteria, standards and recommendations, and concluding with a chapter on tunnel lighting equipment and design. This book is a valuable resource for road lighting designers and engineers, students of lighting design and engineering, town planners, traffic engineers, environmental specialists, and lamp and luminaire developers and manufacturers.
Lighting: Interior and Exterior by Robert Bean Pdf
This comprehensive and practical guide takes you step-by-step through the core concepts and applications of architectural lighting. Now completely revised and updated for the second edition, this book: Includes all new information on the latest regulations and recommendations Provides special attention to the rapid development of LED lighting Considers the new CIE colour metric system Concludes each chapter with questions for the reader, together with inverted appropriate answers Features full colour throughout, for the first time, to support the text and aid the reader Covering a wide range of building types and external environments, this book shows how the concepts used in lighting design arise from the needs of the designer and user. These concepts are given a practical context to enable you to develop and improve your design skills, building up from the basics of how much light is needed and the role of shadows, to energy management and the calculations for daylighting, The author provides accessible, user-friendly explanations of technical information and specialist techniques intended for people who need to get to the heart of the subject as quickly as possible. An indispensible learning tool for students, and for professionals developing their skills, this handbook provides examples and exercises to help you acquire the understanding, knowledge and skill required for examinations and professional training purposes.
Roadway Lighting Design Guide by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Pdf
This guide replaces the 1984 publication entitled An Informational Guide for Roadway Lighting. It has been revised and brought up to date to reflect current practices in roadway lighting. The guide provides a general overview of lighting systems from the point of view of the transportation departments and recommends minimum levels of quality. The guide incorporates the illuminance and luminance design methods, but does not include the small target visibility (STV) method.
Author : United States. Bureau of Public Roads Publisher : Unknown Page : 76 pages File Size : 50,9 Mb Release : 1952 Category : Automobiles ISBN : STANFORD:36105210305160
Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications by Madjid Tavana,Nadia Nedjah,Reda Alhajj Pdf
This book reports on the proceeding of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent, Interactive Systems and Applications (IISA 2020), held in Shanghai, China, on September 25–27, 2020. The IISA proceedings, with the latest scientific findings, and methods for solving intriguing problems, are a reference for state-of-the-art works on intelligent and interactive systems. This book covers nine interesting and current topics on different systems’ orientations, including Analytical Systems, Database Management Systems, Electronics Systems, Energy Systems, Intelligent Systems, Network Systems, Optimization Systems, and Pattern Recognition Systems and Applications. The chapters included in this book cover significant recent developments in the field, both in terms of theoretical foundations and their practical application. An important characteristic of the works included here is the novelty of the solution approaches to the most interesting applications of intelligent and interactive systems.
Author : W. J. M. van Bommel,J. B. de Boer Publisher : Scholium International Page : 328 pages File Size : 47,9 Mb Release : 1980 Category : Lighting ISBN : 0333306791
Integrates Vehicle, Signal, and Road Lighting into a Unified System Many people drive many miles after dark and rely on lighting to help them gather information about the road ahead and the presence and intentions of other people on and near the road. With new technology on the industry’s horizon, Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicle, Signs and Signals conveys the crucial role lighting plays in road safety and examines how it could be used more effectively. Authored by a lighting and visibility expert, this book explains the thinking and scientific reasoning behind various forms of lighting and analyzes their contribution to the driver’s understanding of real and potential road hazards. Filled with useful information, this resource straightforwardly addresses a wide range of safety factors encountered in real driving situations, such as weather conditions, complex signage, and driver age. It also deals with the often-ignored consequences of too much light, such as light trespass and sky glow. Comprehensively Explores the Field, Emphasizing Improved Safety Vehicle, road, sign, and signal lighting are provided to enable drivers to reach their destinations quickly and safely. However, the attention given to how these forms of lighting function is likely to change as new technology is introduced and understanding of ergonomics and human factors improves. This book effectively illustrates how these forms of lighting can be modified to work together to best provide a coherent flow of information to the driver.
Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting by Catherine Rich,Travis Longcore Pdf
While certain ecological problems associated with artificial night lighting are widely known-for instance, the disorientation of sea turtle hatchlings by beachfront lighting-the vast range of influences on all types of animals and plants is only beginning to be recognized. From nest choice and breeding success of birds to behavioral and physiological changes in salamanders, many organisms are seriously affected by human alterations in natural patterns of light and dark. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting is the first book to consider the environmental effects of the intentional illumination of the night. It brings together leading scientists from around the world to review the state of knowledge on the subject and to describe specific effects that have been observed across a full range of taxonomic groups, including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, and plants. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting provides a scientific basis to begin addressing the challenge of conserving the nighttime environment. It cogently demonstrates the vital importance of this until-now neglected topic and is an essential new work for conservation planners, researchers, and anyone concerned with human impacts on the natural world.
