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This book presents thirteen chapters which probe the “tales less told” and “pathways less traveled” in refugee camp living. Rohingya camps in Bangladesh since August 2017 supply these “tales” and “pathways”. They dwell upon/reflect camp violence, sexual/gender discrimination, intersectionality, justice, the sudden COVID camp entry, human security, children education, innovation, and relocation plans. Built largely upon field trips, these narratives interestingly interweave with both theoretical threads (hypotheses) and tapestries (net-effects), feeding into the security-driven pulls of political realism, or disseminating from humanitarian-driven socioeconomic pushes, but mostly combining them. Post-ethnic cleansing and post-exodus windows open up a murky future for Rohingya and global refugees. We learn of positive offshoots (of camp innovations exposing civil society relevance) and negative (like human and sex trafficking beyond Bangladeshi and Myanmar borders), as of navigating (a) local–global linkages of every dynamic and (b) fast-moving current circumstances against stoic historical leftovers.
Although international attention on the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh has waned, the challenges have not. This theoretically informed and empirically rich volume explores the social, economic, political, environmental, and security implications of nearly one million refugees. Policymakers, advocates, and researchers should read this book. -Geoffrey Macdonald, Ph.D., Bangladesh Country Director, International Republican Institute, Bangladesh This book presents thirteen chapters which probe the "tales less told" and "pathways less traveled" in refugee camp living. Rohingya camps in Bangladesh since August 2017 supply these "tales" and "pathways". They dwell upon/reflect camp violence, sexual/gender discrimination, intersectionality, justice, the sudden COVID camp entry, human security, children education, innovation, and relocation plans. Built largely upon field trips, these narratives interestingly interweave with both theoretical threads (hypotheses) and tapestries (net-effects), feeding into the security-driven pulls of political realism, or disseminating from humanitarian-driven socioeconomic pushes, but mostly combining them. Post-ethnic cleansing and post-exodus windows open up a murky future for Rohingya and global refugees. We learn of positive offshoots (of camp innovations exposing civil society relevance) and negative (like human and sex trafficking beyond Bangladeshi and Myanmar borders), as of navigating (a) local-global linkages of every dynamic and (b) fast-moving current circumstances against stoic historical leftovers. Imtiaz A. Hussain founded the Global Studies & Governance Department at Independent University, Bangladesh (2016), after creating/teaching International Relations/Global Studies/Governance courses in Philadelphia University/ Universidad Iberoamericana (1990-2014). He has published over 20 books (South Asia in Global Power Rivalry, Transatlantic Transactions; North American Regionalism; Evaluating NAFTA; Border Governance and the 'Unruly' South, and Afghanistan-Iraq and Post-conflict Governance), articles (Encyclopedia of U.S.-Latin American Relations, Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence, South Asian Survey, Politics & Policy, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Norteamérica, & Journal of International Relations), and has contributed to Bangladesh's newspapers such as Daily Star and Financial Express. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Pennsylvania (1989).
Memories of Burmese Rohingya Refugees by Kazi Fahmida Farzana Pdf
This book provides a critical analysis of the Rohingya refugees’ identity building processes and how this is closely linked to the state-building process of Myanmar as well as issues of marginalization, statelessness, forced migration, exile life, and resistance of an ethnic minority. With a focus on the ethnic minority’s life at the Myanmar-Bangladesh border, the author demonstrates how the state itself is involved in the construction of identity, which it manipulates for its own political purposes. The study is based on original research, largely drawn from fieldwork data. It presents an alternative and endogenous interpretation of the problem in contrast to the exogenous narrative espoused by state institutions, non-governmental organizations, and the media.
The Unheard Stories of the Rohingyas by AKM Ahsan Ullah,Diotima Chattoraj Pdf
The 2017 persecution of the Rohingyas resulted in around a million Rohingyas fleeing to Bangladesh, India and Malaysia. This book investigates the complex challenges of managing the large-scale refugee exodus in Bangladesh and how best to resolve these challenges in the future. Using a mixed-method approach that includes a survey, key informant interviews and numerous short case studies of persecution, the authors also examine the problematic influence of the media, as local depictions of Rohingya refugees often caused further tension and division in the midst of the refugee crisis. The book’s analysis offers a deeper understanding of the causes and drivers of identity-based politics among Myanmar’s Rohingya.
The COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia and Africa by Giorgio Milanetti,Marina Miranda,Marina Morbiducci Pdf
The present publication has been conceived as a critical reflection, in different disciplinary fields, on the social, institutional, and cultural impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic in Asia and Africa. The issues presented here were first discussed as part of a larger research project at two conferences, held in Rome in June and October 2022. After extensive revision, these results have now been collected as fully developed articles in the current two volumes: the first focuses on the cultural, artistic, and media-related facets of the pandemic; the second on its social and institutional implications. This Volume I examines the effects of the traumatic events brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic on various cultural phenomena, artistic expressions, and social media communication, analysing among other themes the creation of new narratives and the modalities of personal and collective responses. The articles cover vast geographical areas, spanning from the Middle East to the Indian Subcontinent and East Asia, and aim at making their multiple visions converge in one compact perspective of empathic connection.
Survivor: My Life as a Rohingya Refugee tells by Ziaur Rahman from his own perspective, start from a moment his family fled to the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, where he was brought up until he was kidnapped and trafficked to Malaysia via Thailand. The story represents the hardship that many Rohingya have undergone, lacking access to basic resources such as food and medicine, as well as being exploited and abused by the camp guards in Bangladesh and wider Bangladeshi society as a whole. Yet on reaching Malaysia he tells the story of how this suffering has continued, and how with his wife and children he has struggled to build a future for himself and his family, within a system that doesn’t care for Rohingya refugees. Ziaur Rahman’s story is also, paradoxically, a story of hope. In the camps in Bangladesh, he dedicated himself to his education and other training programmes with the vision of one day helping his community to improve. When in Malaysia he devoted himself to activism, to help Rohingya refugees access services and to protect them from abuse. In doing so he worked with the UNHCR and other NGOs in the country, even meeting the prime minister in the process and becoming the subject of a documentary film Selfie with The Prime Minister (2017). By doing so, Ziaur Rahman, whilst facing his own hardships and struggling to make a living locally, has done great service to the Rohingya community in Malaysia and around the world, raising the consciousness of the world to the suffering of refugees in host countries, as well as the ongoing atrocities against the Rohingya in Myanmar. Today there are around 100,000 UNHCR-registered Rohingya refugees in Malaysia. Such numbers have been produced by the long history of violent marginalisation of the Rohingya people of Arakan state in Myanmar, as well as the hostile conditions they have found in the refugee camps in Bangladesh which they have fled to. Rohingya refugees have been leaving Bangladesh for countries such as Malaysia in significant numbers from the 1990s onwards. But these numbers increased considerably in the aftermath of a new wave of state violence against the Rohingya in 2012, in a conflict where state forces unleashed a wave of rioting, looting, arson, rape and violence on the Rohingya, leading to a new wave of refugees into nearby countries, particularly Bangladesh, but also to Malaysia via Thailand. The preference of Rohingya refugees for Malaysia lies in the fact that it is a developing and Muslim-majority country, and a country that has regularly spoken up about the sufferings of the Rohingya in Myanmar. The journey to Malaysia and the reception that Rohingya refugees receive, however, is a continuation of the exclusion and violence they are subjected to in their home country. To reach Malaysia many refugees are trafficked aboard boats and then ransomed by traffickers for large amounts of money which they or their families have to pay. These traffickers have often used the border between Thailand and Malaysia as a transit point to hold refugees and move them into Malaysia, in a journey that Ziaur Rahman harrowingly describes in this book. A journey in which refugees risk their lives and undergo horrific forms of treatment and abuse by traffickers, Others have tried to make it to Malaysia directly, undertaking a dangerous journey by sea to escape the violence of life in Myanmar, but have often had their boats pushed back by Malaysian authorities, This has again occurred in recent months during the COVID-19 crisis, as Malaysten forces have refused entry to boats carrying Rohingya refugees, and the refugees have bad to return to Bangladesh. Those Rohingya lucky to make it to Malaysia find, however, that they are far from welcome. Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention on the Status of Refugees and does not recognise refugees within its borders or provide protection to them, Thus whilst Malaysia does provide (temporary) shelter for Rohingya communities, these communities continue to be at risk of arrest, detention and extortion by state officials, as well as suffering labour exploitation in the informal labour sector, and they lack access to healthcare as well as education. This fact has become increasingly evident in the wake of the global COVID-19 crisis, with Rohingya refugees in Malaysia struggling to access food and basic services as the country’s economy closed down and with them unable to access state-based relief. At the same time, the Rohingya in Malaysia have increasingly been subjected to scapegoating by elements of the Malaysian population, fuelled their presence in the country and the help they are said to receive from the UNHCR. Today the status of the Rohingya in Malaysia is increasingly precarious and dangerous, but this is only a continuation of decades of insecurity and precarity that the Rohingyas have faced in Malaysia, as well as other countries in the region.
This book offers a comprehensive depiction of the causes and consequences of the Rohingya crisis, based on detailed ethnographic narratives provided by hundreds of Rohingya people who crossed the border following the Clearance Operation in 2017. The author critically engages with the identity politics on both sides of the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar, and the categorisation of the Rohingya as the people of ‘no-man’s land’ amidst the socio-political and ethno-nationalist dynamics of colonial and postcolonial transition in the region. He then interrogates the role of the international community and aid industry, before providing in-depth policy recommendations based on his own experience working with Rohingya refugees. The book will be of interest to students, scholars, policymakers and NGOs in the fields of migration studies, anthropology, political science and international relations.
Resilience of Educators in Extraordinary Circumstances: War, Disaster, and Emergencies by Sengupta, Enakshi,Arnthorsson, Arni Thor,Mobasher, M. Bashir Pdf
In August 2021, Afghanistan found itself in the grip of an unprecedented crisis as the Taliban swiftly regained control of the nation, quickly extinguishing the flame of academic freedom. The nation's educators and students faced an urgent dilemma and were compelled to escape persecution and navigate the perilous journey to safety. The once-promising dreams of university degrees for female students were overshadowed by the Taliban's restrictive educational policies. As the political situation changed quickly, chaos increased, leading to a hurried departure for many and creating a gap in the country's education system. The book, Resilience of Educators in Extraordinary Circumstances: War, Disaster, and Emergencies , captures the gravity of this unfolding humanitarian crisis, shedding light on the plight of those who sought refuge from the shadows of oppression. Beyond merely recounting the hardships faced, the book strategically delves into the interventions and coping mechanisms employed by individuals and organizations. It endeavors to identify the gaps in addressing the educational needs of a population caught in the crossfire of conflict. By showcasing exemplary contributions from institutions, local governments, and humanitarian actors, the book aims to construct a narrative of best practices on a global scale. This collection of narratives becomes a crucial document preserving the stories of those who defied adversity in the pursuit of education.
The Rohingyas are one of the most persecuted ethnic minorities in the world. They used to live in the Arakan/Rakhine State of Burma/Myanmar for centuries, though it is a predominantly Buddhist country. Being victims of persecution as a result of ethnic cleansing and genocide, they started migrating to neighbouring countries from 1978, and after the massive migration August 2017 onwards, about 1.3 million Rohingyas now live in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. This book offers a comprehensive portrait of how the state becomes instrumental in producing 'stateless' people, wherein both Myanmar and Bangladesh alienate the Rohingyas as illegal migrants, and they have to face unemployment, mental and sexual abuse, and deprivation of basic human necessities. The Rohingya proposes a new framework and theoretical alternative called 'subhuman life' for understanding the extreme vulnerability of the people as well as the genocide, ethnocide, and domicide taking place in the region. With several concrete ethnographic evidences, Nasir Uddin, apart from reconstructing the Rohingyas' regional history, sheds light on possible solutions to their refugee crisis and examines the regional political dynamics, South and Southeast Asian geopolitics, and bilateral and multilateral interstate relations.
The Displaced Rohingyas by Sk Tawfique M Haque,Bulbul Siddiqi,Mahmudur Rahman Bhuiyan Pdf
This volume offers a comprehensive overview of the Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh. It analyses the socio-cultural and humanitarian challenges of the crisis, along with the discourses that have developed on this issue via the local and international media and literature. The volume also suggests ways to build sustainable solutions for the Rohingya refugees. It discusses wide-ranging issues including a historical overview of the Rohingyas; the Rakhine State of Myanmar and the issue of religious toleration; the struggle for existence in Malaysia and Thailand; vulnerable Rohingya in Bangladesh; and stratified lives in Bangladeshi camps. It also sheds light on social insecurity among Rohingya adolescent girls; understanding gender-based violence in camps; the portrayal of the crisis in Chinese and Indian newspapers; and Bangladesh’s policy in addressing the Rohingya crisis and repatriation. This book will be useful for scholars and researchers of sociology, social anthropology, refugee studies, peace and conflict studies, international relations, human rights, political studies, gender studies, and South Asian studies.
Narratives of Trauma in South Asian Literature by Goutam Karmakar,Zeenat Khan Pdf
This volume addresses cultural and literary narratives of trauma in South Asian literature. Presenting a novel cross-cultural perspective on trauma theory, the essays within this volume study the divergent cultural responses to trauma and violence in various parts of South Asia, including Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Afghanistan, which have received little attention in literary writings on trauma in their specific circumstances. Through comprehensive sociocultural understanding of the region, this book creates an approachable space where trauma engages with themes like racial identity, ethnicity, nationality, religious dogma, and cultural environment. With case studies from Kashmir, the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh, and armed conflict in Nepal and Afghanistan, the volume will be of interest to scholars, students and researchers of literature, history, politics, conflict studies, and South Asian studies.
The Routledge Handbook of Refugee Narratives by Evyn Lê Espiritu Gandhi,Vinh Nguyen Pdf
This Handbook presents a transnational and interdisciplinary study of refugee narratives, broadly defined. Interrogating who can be considered a refugee and what constitutes a narrative, the thirty-eight chapters included in this collection encompass a range of forcibly displaced subjects, a mix of geographical and historical contexts, and a variety of storytelling modalities. Analyzing novels, poetry, memoirs, comics, films, photography, music, social media, data, graffiti, letters, reports, eco-design, video games, archival remnants, and ethnography, the individual chapters counter dominant representations of refugees as voiceless victims. Addressing key characteristics and thematics of refugee narratives, this Handbook examines how refugee cultural productions are shaped by and in turn shape socio-political landscapes. It will be of interest to researchers, teachers, students, and practitioners committed to engaging refugee narratives in the contemporary moment. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Decades of military oppression in Burma have led to the systematic destruction of thousands of ethnic minority villages, a standing army with one of the world’s highest number of child soldiers, and the displacement of millions of people. Nowhere to Be Home is an eye-opening collection of oral histories exposing the realities of life under military rule. In their own words, men and women from Burma describe their lives in the country that Human Rights Watch has called “the textbook example of a police state.”
Global-Local Tradeoffs, Order-Disorder Consequences by Imtiaz A. Hussain Pdf
In this book, ten substantive chapters examine how collisions between technological developments (globalizing forces) and thickening populist pressures (localizing dynamics) constantly keep reinventing the state in unforeseen and unpredictable ways. We learn of how international organizations have fared, and to what extent grass-roots grumbles have impacted big-picture developments in quite diverse parts of the world. Just placing unfolding crises under the microscope cannot but generate policy-solving observations. Treated in corresponding order, these crises revolve around adjusting international institutions; absorbing current populist outbursts; shifting from peacekeeping to peacemaking; spying in the global south; absorbing displaced persons; Rwandan land reform; pandemic and RMG readjustments; Bangladesh’s democratic transition; Rohingyan-Syrian refugees; and Mexico’s 1990s liberalization. Though overarching, observations in the book accent state strength battling with state porosity; the downward spiraling of global order; and the simple lack of any controlling mechanism against globalizing/localizing dynamics in the trenches of everyday life being matched by continued uncertainty on the analytical plane.
