Roots Of Human Sociality

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Roots of Human Sociality

Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield
Roots of Human Sociality Book PDF

Author : Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield
Publisher : Berg Publishers
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1845203941

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Roots of Human Sociality by Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield Pdf

This book marks an exciting convergence towards the idea that human culture and cognition are rooted in the character of human social interaction, which is unique in the animal kingdom. Roots of Human Sociality attempts for the first time to explore the underlying properties of social interaction viewed from across many disciplines, and examines their origins in infant development and in human evolution. Are interaction patterns in adulthood affected by cultural differences in childhood upbringing? Apes, unlike human infants of only 12 months, fail to understand pointing and the intention behind it. Nevertheless apes can imitate and analyze complex behavior - how do they do it? Deaf children brought up by speaking parents invent their own languages. How might adults deprived of a fully organized language communicate? This book makes the case that the study of these sorts of phenomenon holds the key to understanding the foundations of human social life. The conclusion: our unique brand of social interaction is at the root of what makes us human.

Roots of Human Sociality

Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield
Roots of Human Sociality Book PDF

Author : Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000323658

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Roots of Human Sociality by Stephen C. Levinson,Nicholas J. Enfield Pdf

This book marks an exciting convergence towards the idea that human culture and cognition are rooted in the character of human social interaction, which is unique in the animal kingdom. Roots of Human Sociality attempts for the first time to explore the underlying properties of social interaction viewed from across many disciplines, and examines their origins in infant development and in human evolution. Are interaction patterns in adulthood affected by cultural differences in childhood upbringing? Apes, unlike human infants of only 12 months, fail to understand pointing and the intention behind it. Nevertheless apes can imitate and analyze complex behavior - how do they do it? Deaf children brought up by speaking parents invent their own languages. How might adults deprived of a fully organized language communicate?This book makes the case that the study of these sorts of phenomenon holds the key to understanding the foundations of human social life. The conclusion: our unique brand of social interaction is at the root of what makes us human.

The Origins and Nature of Sociality

Robert W. Sussman
The Origins and Nature of Sociality Book PDF

Author : Robert W. Sussman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351477888

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The Origins and Nature of Sociality by Robert W. Sussman Pdf

Scientific developments have increasingly been transforming our understanding of the place of human beings in nature. The contributors to this book focus on the current status of research on sociality and the evolution of cooperative and altruistic behaviour in non-human and human primates. They examine questions related to the evolution, cultural viability, and hormonal underpinnings of human sociality in specific detail, and describe patterns of sociality that shed light on human social behaviour.

The Origins of Human Society

Peter Bogucki
The Origins of Human Society Book PDF

Author : Peter Bogucki
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781557863492

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The Origins of Human Society by Peter Bogucki Pdf

The Origins of Human Society traces the development of human culture from its origins over 2 million years ago to the emergence of literate civilization. In addition to a global coverage of prehistoric life, the book pays specific attention to the origins and dispersal of anatomically-modern humans, the development of symbolic expression, the transition from mobile foraging bands to sedentary households, early agriculture and its consequences, the emergence of social differentiation and hereditary ranking, and the prehistoric roots of ancient states and empires. The Blackwell History of the World Series The goal of this ambitious series is to provide an accessible source of knowledge about the entire human past, for every curious person in every part of the world. It will comprise some two dozen volumes, of which some provide synoptic views of the history of particular regions while others consider the world as a whole during a particular period of time. The volumes are narrative in form, giving balanced attention to social and cultural history (in the broadest sense) as well as to institutional development and political change. Each provides a systematic account of a very large subject, but they are also both imaginative and interpretative. The Series is intended to be accessible to the widest possible readership, and the accessibility of its volumes is matched by the style of presentation and production.

Foundations of Human Sociality

Joseph Patrick Henrich
Foundations of Human Sociality Book PDF

Author : Joseph Patrick Henrich
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199262047

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Foundations of Human Sociality by Joseph Patrick Henrich Pdf

What motives underlie the ways humans interact socially? Are these the same for all societies? Are these part of our nature, or influenced by our environments? Over the last decade, research in experimental economics has emphatically falsified the textbook representation of Homo economicus. Hundreds of experiments suggest that people care not only about their own material payoffs, but also about such things as fairness, equity, and reciprocity. However, this research left fundamental questions unanswered: Are such social preferences stable components of human nature, or are they modulated by economic, social, and cultural environments? Until now, experimental research could not address this question because virtually all subjects had been university students. Combining ethnographic and experimental approaches to fill this gap, this book breaks new ground in reporting the results of a large cross-cultural study aimed at determining the sources of social (non-selfish) preferences that underlie the diversity of human sociality. In this study, the same experiments carried out with university students were performed in fifteen small-scale societies exhibiting a wide variety of social, economic, and cultural conditions. The results show that the variation in behaviour is far greater than previously thought, and that the differences between societies in market integration and the importance of cooperation explain a substantial portion of this variation, which individual-level economic and demographic variables could not. The results also trace the extent to which experimental play mirrors patterns of interaction found in everyday life. The book includes a succinct but substantive introduction to the use of game theory as an analytical tool, and to its use in the social sciences for the rigorous testing of hypotheses about fundamental aspects of social behaviour outside artificially constructed laboratories. The editors also summarize the results of the fifteencase studies in a suggestive chapter about the scope of the project.

The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition

Michael TOMASELLO
The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition Book PDF

Author : Michael TOMASELLO
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674660328

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The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition by Michael TOMASELLO Pdf

Bridging the gap between evolutionary theory and cultural psychology, Michael Tomasello argues that the roots of the human capacity for symbol-based culture are based in a cluster of uniquely human cognitive capacities. These include capacities for understanding that others have intentions of their own, and for imitating, not just what someone else does, but what someone else has intended to do. Tomasello further describes with authority and ingenuity how these capacities work over evolutionary and historical time to create the kind of cultural artifacts and settings within which each new generation of children develops.

Requesting in Social Interaction

Paul Drew,Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen
Requesting in Social Interaction Book PDF

Author : Paul Drew,Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027269287

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Requesting in Social Interaction by Paul Drew,Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen Pdf

There has been a remarkable revival of interest in how we conduct social actions in interaction – particularly in requesting, where recent research into video-recorded face-to-face interaction has taken our understanding in novel directions. This collection brings together some of the latest, cutting-edge research into requesting by leading international practitioners of Conversation Analysis. The studies trace a line of conceptual development from ‘directive’ to ‘recruitment’, and explore the acquisitional, cultural, situational and species-specific differentiation of forms for requesting in human social interaction.They represent the latest explorations into the complexities and controversies associated with the apparently simple but essential matter of how we ask another to do something for us.

Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language

Robin Dunbar
Grooming Gossip and the Evolution of Language Book PDF

Author : Robin Dunbar
Publisher : Faber & Faber
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780571265183

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Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language by Robin Dunbar Pdf

Did mankind evolve unusually large brains simply in order to gossip? Primates differ from other animals by the intensity of their social relationships, by the amount of time they spend grooming one another. Not just a matter of hygiene, grooming is all about cementing bonds, making friends and influencing your fellow ape. Early humans, in their characteristic large groups of 150 or so, would have had to spend almost half their time in mutual grooming. Instead, Professor Robin Dunbar argues, they evolved a more efficient mechanism: language. It seems there is nothing idle about idle chatter. Having a good gossip ensures that a dynamic group - of hunter-gatherers, soldiers, workmates - remains cohesive.Men and women 'gossip' equally, but men tend to talk about themselves, while women talk more about other people, working to strengthen the female-female relationships that underpin both human and primate societies. Until now, most anthropologists have assumed that language developed in male-male relationships, during activities such as hunting. Dunbar's intriguing research suggests that, to the contrary, language evolved among women.

The Primate Origins of Human Nature

Carel P. Van Schaik
The Primate Origins of Human Nature Book PDF

Author : Carel P. Van Schaik
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781119118190

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The Primate Origins of Human Nature by Carel P. Van Schaik Pdf

The Primate Origins of Human Nature (Volume 3 in The Foundations of Human Biology series) blends several elements from evolutionary biology as applied to primate behavioral ecology and primate psychology, classical physical anthropology and evolutionary psychology of humans. However, unlike similar books, it strives to define the human species relative to our living and extinct relatives, and thus highlights uniquely derived human features. The book features a truly multi-disciplinary, multi-theory, and comparative species approach to subjects not usually presented in textbooks focused on humans, such as the evolution of culture, life history, parenting, and social organization.

The Social Origins of Language

Daniel Dor,Chris Knight,Jerome Lewis
The Social Origins of Language Book PDF

Author : Daniel Dor,Chris Knight,Jerome Lewis
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191643125

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The Social Origins of Language by Daniel Dor,Chris Knight,Jerome Lewis Pdf

This book offers an exciting new perspective on the origins of language. Language is conceptualized as a collective invention, on the model of writing or the wheel, and the book places social and cultural dynamics at the centre of its evolution: language emerged and further developed in human communities already suffused with meaning and communication, mimesis, ritual, song and dance, alloparenting, new divisions of labour and revolutionary changes in social relations. The book thus challenges assumptions about the causal relations between genes, capacities, social communication and innovation: the biological capacities are taken to evolve incrementally on the basis of cognitive plasticity, in a process that recruits previous adaptations and fine-tunes them to serve novel communicative ends. Topics include the ability brought about by language to tell lies, that must have confronted our ancestors with new problems of public trust; the dynamics of social-cognitive co-evolution; the role of gesture and mimesis in linguistic communication; studies of how monkeys and apes express their feelings or thoughts; play, laughter, dance, song, ritual and other social displays among extant hunter-gatherers; the social nature of language acquisition and innovation; normativity and the emergence of linguistic norms; the interaction of language and emotions; and novel perspectives on the time-frame for language evolution. The contributors are leading international scholars from linguistics, anthropology, palaeontology, primatology, psychology, evolutionary biology, artificial intelligence, archaeology, and cognitive science.

Ancestral Landscapes in Human Evolution: Culture, Childrearing and Social Wellbeing

Darcia Narvaez,Kristin Valentino,Agustin Fuentes,James J. McKenna,Peter Gray
Ancestral Landscapes in Human Evolution Culture Childrearing and Social Wellbeing Book PDF

Author : Darcia Narvaez,Kristin Valentino,Agustin Fuentes,James J. McKenna,Peter Gray
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199964260

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Ancestral Landscapes in Human Evolution: Culture, Childrearing and Social Wellbeing by Darcia Narvaez,Kristin Valentino,Agustin Fuentes,James J. McKenna,Peter Gray Pdf

The social contexts in which children develop have transformed over recent decades, but also over millennia. Modern parenting practices have diverged greatly from ancestral practices, which included natural childbirth, extensive and on-demand breastfeeding, constant touch, responsiveness to the needs of the child, free play in nature with multiple-aged playmates, and multiple adult caregivers. Only recently have scientists begun to document the outcomes for the presence or absence of such parenting practices, but early results indicate that psychological wellbeing is impacted by these factors. Ancestral Landscapes in Human Evolution addresses how a shift in the way we parent can influence child outcomes. It examines evolved contexts for mammalian development, optimal and suboptimal contexts for human evolved needs, and the effects on childrens development and human wellbeing. Bringing together an interdisciplinary set of renowned contributors, this volume examines how different parenting styles and cultural personality influence one another. Chapters discuss the nature of childrearing, social relationships, the range of personalities people exhibit, the social and moral skills expected of adults, and what wellbeing looks like. As a solid knowledge base regarding normal development is considered integral to understanding psychopathology, this volume also focuses on the effects of early childhood maltreatment. By increasing our understanding of basic mammalian emotional and motivational needs in contexts representative of our ancestral conditions, we may be in a better position to facilitate changes in social structures and systems that better support optimal human development. This book will be a unique resource for researchers and students in psychology, anthropology, and psychiatry, as well as professionals in public health, social work, clinical psychology, and early care and education.

Origins of Human Communication

Michael Tomasello
Origins of Human Communication Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780262261203

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Origins of Human Communication by Michael Tomasello Pdf

A leading expert on evolution and communication presents an empirically based theory of the evolutionary origins of human communication that challenges the dominant Chomskian view. Human communication is grounded in fundamentally cooperative, even shared, intentions. In this original and provocative account of the evolutionary origins of human communication, Michael Tomasello connects the fundamentally cooperative structure of human communication (initially discovered by Paul Grice) to the especially cooperative structure of human (as opposed to other primate) social interaction. Tomasello argues that human cooperative communication rests on a psychological infrastructure of shared intentionality (joint attention, common ground), evolved originally for collaboration and culture more generally. The basic motives of the infrastructure are helping and sharing: humans communicate to request help, inform others of things helpfully, and share attitudes as a way of bonding within the cultural group. These cooperative motives each created different functional pressures for conventionalizing grammatical constructions. Requesting help in the immediate you-and-me and here-and-now, for example, required very little grammar, but informing and sharing required increasingly complex grammatical devices. Drawing on empirical research into gestural and vocal communication by great apes and human infants (much of it conducted by his own research team), Tomasello argues further that humans' cooperative communication emerged first in the natural gestures of pointing and pantomiming. Conventional communication, first gestural and then vocal, evolved only after humans already possessed these natural gestures and their shared intentionality infrastructure along with skills of cultural learning for creating and passing along jointly understood communicative conventions. Challenging the Chomskian view that linguistic knowledge is innate, Tomasello proposes instead that the most fundamental aspects of uniquely human communication are biological adaptations for cooperative social interaction in general and that the purely linguistic dimensions of human communication are cultural conventions and constructions created by and passed along within particular cultural groups.

Sociality and Normativity for Robots

Raul Hakli,Johanna Seibt
Sociality and Normativity for Robots Book PDF

Author : Raul Hakli,Johanna Seibt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319531335

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Sociality and Normativity for Robots by Raul Hakli,Johanna Seibt Pdf

This volume offers eleven philosophical investigations into our future relations with social robots--robots that are specially designed to engage and connect with human beings. The contributors present cutting edge research that examines whether, and on which terms, robots can become members of human societies. Can our relations to robots be said to be "social"? Can robots enter into normative relationships with human beings? How will human social relations change when we interact with robots at work and at home? The authors of this volume explore these questions from the perspective of philosophy, cognitive science, psychology, and robotics. The first three chapters offer a taxonomy for the classification of simulated social interactions, investigate whether human social interactions with robots can be genuine, and discuss the significance of social relations for the formation of human individuality. Subsequent chapters clarify whether robots could be said to actually follow social norms, whether they could live up to the social meaning of care in caregiving professions, and how we will need to program robots so that they can negotiate the conventions of human social space and collaborate with humans. Can we perform joint actions with robots, where both sides need to honour commitments, and how will such new commitments and practices change our regional cultures? The authors connect research in social robotics and empirical studies in Human-Robot Interaction to recent debates in social ontology, social cognition, as well as ethics and philosophy of technology. The book is a response to the challenge that social robotics presents for our traditional conceptions of social interaction, which presuppose such essential capacities as consciousness, intentionality, agency, and normative understanding. The authors develop insightful answers along new interdisciplinary pathways in "robophilosophy," a new research area that will help us to shape the "robot revolution," the distinctive technological change of the beginning 21st century.

Human Origins

Camilla Power,Morna Finnegan,Hilary Callan
Human Origins Book PDF

Author : Camilla Power,Morna Finnegan,Hilary Callan
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781785333798

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Human Origins by Camilla Power,Morna Finnegan,Hilary Callan Pdf

Human Origins brings together new thinking by social anthropologists and other scholars on the evolution of human culture and society. No other discipline has more relevant expertise to consider the emergence of humans as the symbolic species. Yet, social anthropologists have been conspicuously absent from debates about the origins of modern humans. These contributions explore why that is, and how social anthropology can shed light on early kinship and economic relations, gender politics, ritual, cosmology, ethnobiology, medicine, and the evolution of language.

A Natural History of Human Thinking

Michael Tomasello
A Natural History of Human Thinking Book PDF

Author : Michael Tomasello
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674986831

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A Natural History of Human Thinking by Michael Tomasello Pdf

Tool-making or culture, language or religious belief: ever since Darwin, thinkers have struggled to identify what fundamentally differentiates human beings from other animals. Michael Tomasello weaves his twenty years of comparative studies of humans and great apes into a compelling argument that cooperative social interaction is the key to our cognitive uniqueness. Tomasello maintains that our prehuman ancestors, like today's great apes, were social beings who could solve problems by thinking. But they were almost entirely competitive, aiming only at their individual goals. As ecological changes forced them into more cooperative living arrangements, early humans had to coordinate their actions and communicate their thoughts with collaborative partners. Tomasello's "shared intentionality hypothesis" captures how these more socially complex forms of life led to more conceptually complex forms of thinking. In order to survive, humans had to learn to see the world from multiple social perspectives, to draw socially recursive inferences, and to monitor their own thinking via the normative standards of the group. Even language and culture arose from the preexisting need to work together and coordinate thoughts. A Natural History of Human Thinking is the most detailed scientific analysis to date of the connection between human sociality and cognition.