Sample Size Calculations

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Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies

J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma
Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies Book PDF

Author : J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789811552045

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Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies by J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma Pdf

This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.

Sample Size Calculations

Paul Mathews
Sample Size Calculations Book PDF

Author : Paul Mathews
Publisher : Mathews Malnar and Bailey
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780615324616

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Sample Size Calculations by Paul Mathews Pdf

Sample Size Calculations: Practical Methods for Engineers and Scientists presents power and sample size calculations for common statistical analyses including methods for means, standard deviations, proportions, counts, regression, correlation, and measures of agreement. Topics of special interest to quality engineering professionals include designed experiments, reliability studies, statistical process control, acceptance sampling, process capability analysis, statistical tolerancing, and gage error studies. The book emphasizes approximate methods, but exact methods are presented when the approximate methods fail. Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods are introduced for situations that don't satisfy the assumptions of the analytical methods. Solutions are presented for more than 170 example problems and solutions for selected example problems using PASS, MINITAB, Piface, and R are posted on the Internet.

Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research

Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina
Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research Book PDF

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 954 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351727112

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Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research by Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina Pdf

Praise for the Second Edition: "... this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study." -Biometrics "This impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered ..." – Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, this book includes a well-balanced summary of current and emerging clinical issues, regulatory requirements, and recently developed statistical methodologies for sample size calculation. Features: Compares the relative merits and disadvantages of statistical methods for sample size calculations Explains how the formulae and procedures for sample size calculations can be used in a variety of clinical research and development stages Presents real-world examples from several therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular medicine, the central nervous system, anti-infective medicine, oncology, and women’s health Provides sample size calculations for dose response studies, microarray studies, and Bayesian approaches This new edition is updated throughout, includes many new sections, and five new chapters on emerging topics: two stage seamless adaptive designs, cluster randomized trial design, zero-inflated Poisson distribution, clinical trials with extremely low incidence rates, and clinical trial simulation.

Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2003-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309167857

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Pdf

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research

Chul Ahn,Moonseoung Heo,Song Zhang
Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research Book PDF

Author : Chul Ahn,Moonseoung Heo,Song Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781466556263

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Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research by Chul Ahn,Moonseoung Heo,Song Zhang Pdf

Accurate sample size calculation ensures that clinical studies have adequate power to detect clinically meaningful effects. This results in the efficient use of resources and avoids exposing a disproportionate number of patients to experimental treatments caused by an overpowered study. Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research explains how to determine sample size for studies with correlated outcomes, which are widely implemented in medical, epidemiological, and behavioral studies. The book focuses on issues specific to the two types of correlated outcomes: longitudinal and clustered. For clustered studies, the authors provide sample size formulas that accommodate variable cluster sizes and within-cluster correlation. For longitudinal studies, they present sample size formulas to account for within-subject correlation among repeated measurements and various missing data patterns. For multiple levels of clustering, the level at which to perform randomization actually becomes a design parameter. The authors show how this can greatly impact trial administration, analysis, and sample size requirement. Addressing the overarching theme of sample size determination for correlated outcomes, this book provides a useful resource for biostatisticians, clinical investigators, epidemiologists, and social scientists whose research involves trials with correlated outcomes. Each chapter is self-contained so readers can explore topics relevant to their research projects without having to refer to other chapters.

How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?

Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811652486

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How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? by Samiran Nundy,Atul Kakar,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta Pdf

This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.

Sample Size Determination and Power

Thomas P. Ryan
Sample Size Determination and Power Book PDF

Author : Thomas P. Ryan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118439227

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Sample Size Determination and Power by Thomas P. Ryan Pdf

A comprehensive approach to sample size determination and power with applications for a variety of fields Sample Size Determination and Power features a modern introduction to the applicability of sample size determination and provides a variety of discussions on broad topics including epidemiology, microarrays, survival analysis and reliability, design of experiments, regression, and confidence intervals. The book distinctively merges applications from numerous fields such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, and engineering in order to provide a complete introduction to the general statistical use of sample size determination. Advanced topics including multivariate analysis, clinical trials, and quality improvement are addressed, and in addition, the book provides considerable guidance on available software for sample size determination. Written by a well-known author who has extensively class-tested the material, Sample Size Determination and Power: Highlights the applicability of sample size determination and provides extensive literature coverage Presents a modern, general approach to relevant software to guide sample size determination including CATD (computer-aided trial design) Addresses the use of sample size determination in grant proposals and provides up-to-date references for grant investigators An appealing reference book for scientific researchers in a variety of fields, such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, mathematics, ecology, and geology, who use sampling and estimation methods in their work, Sample Size Determination and Power is also an ideal supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses in statistical sampling.

Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials

Steven A. Julious
Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials Book PDF

Author : Steven A. Julious
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781584887409

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Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials by Steven A. Julious Pdf

Drawing on various real-world applications, Sample Sizes for Clinical Trials takes readers through the process of calculating sample sizes for many types of clinical trials. It provides descriptions of the calculations with a practical emphasis.Focusing on normal, binary, ordinal, and survival data, the book explores a range of trials, including su

Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies

David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan
Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies Book PDF

Author : David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781444357967

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Sample Size Tables for Clinical Studies by David Machin,Michael J. Campbell,Say Beng Tan,Sze Huey Tan Pdf

This book provides statisticians and researchers with the statistical tools - equations, formulae and numerical tables - to design and plan clinical studies and carry out accurate, reliable and reproducible analysis of the data so obtained. There is no way around this as incorrect procedure in clinical studies means that the researcher's paper will not be accepted by a peer-reviewed journal. Planning and analysing clinical studies is a very complicated business and this book provides indispensible factual information. Please go to http://booksupport.wiley.com and enter 9781405146500 to easily download the supporting materials.

Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology

Jos W. R. Twisk
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology Book PDF

Author : Jos W. R. Twisk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107030039

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Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology by Jos W. R. Twisk Pdf

A practical guide to the most important techniques available for longitudinal data analysis, essential for non-statisticians and researchers.

Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies

Stanley Lemeshow,David W. Hosmer, Jr.,Janelle Klar,Stephen K. Lwanga
Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies Book PDF

Author : Stanley Lemeshow,David W. Hosmer, Jr.,Janelle Klar,Stephen K. Lwanga
Publisher : Wiley
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1990-01-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0471925179

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Adequacy of Sample Size in Health Studies by Stanley Lemeshow,David W. Hosmer, Jr.,Janelle Klar,Stephen K. Lwanga Pdf

Practical rather than theoretical, it provides epidemiologists and other health workers with a good basic knowledge of sampling principles and methods and their potential in the medical field. Focusing on the determination of adequate sample sizes under different situations, the book is divided into two parts; the first provides solutions to typical problems of various survey and study designs, and the second offers a clear, concise exposition of the theory behind the processes of determining sample size. Features many reference tables.

Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research

Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao
Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research Book PDF

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003-03-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0203911342

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Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research by Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao Pdf

Sample size calculation plays an important role in clinical research. It is not uncommon, however, to observe discrepancies among study objectives (or hypotheses), study design, statistical analysis (or test statistic), and sample size calculation. Focusing on sample size calculation for studies conducted during the various phases of clinical resea

Sampling of Populations

Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow
Sampling of Populations Book PDF

Author : Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118627310

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Sampling of Populations by Paul S. Levy,Stanley Lemeshow Pdf

A trusted classic on the key methods in population sampling—now in a modernized and expanded new edition Sampling of Populations, Fourth Edition continues to serve as an all-inclusive resource on the basic and most current practices in population sampling. Maintaining the clear and accessible style of the previous edition, this book outlines the essential statistical methodsfor survey design and analysis, while also exploring techniques that have developed over the past decade. The Fourth Edition successfully guides the reader through the basic concepts and procedures that accompany real-world sample surveys, such as sampling designs, problems of missing data, statistical analysis of multistage sampling data, and nonresponse and poststratification adjustment procedures. Rather than employ a heavily mathematical approach, the authors present illustrative examples that demonstrate the rationale behind common steps in the sampling process, from creating effective surveys to analyzing collected data. Along with established methods, modern topics are treated through the book's new features, which include: A new chapter on telephone sampling, with coverage of declining response rates, the creation of "do not call" lists, and the growing use of cellular phones A new chapter on sample weighting that focuses on adjustments to weight for nonresponse, frame deficiencies, and the effects of estimator instability An updated discussion of sample survey data analysis that includes analytic procedures for estimation and hypothesis testing A new section on Chromy's widely used method of taking probability proportional to size samples with minimum replacement of primary sampling units An expanded index with references on the latest research in the field All of the book's examples and exercises can be easily worked out using various software packages including SAS, STATA, and SUDAAN, and an extensive FTP site contains additional data sets. With its comprehensive presentation and wealth of relevant examples, Sampling of Populations, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on survey sampling at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for practicing statisticians who would like to refresh their knowledge of sampling techniques.

Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Walter W. Stroup
Generalized Linear Mixed Models Book PDF

Author : Walter W. Stroup
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 547 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781439815137

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Generalized Linear Mixed Models by Walter W. Stroup Pdf

With numerous examples using SAS PROC GLIMMIX, this text presents an introduction to linear modeling using the generalized linear mixed model as an overarching conceptual framework. For readers new to linear models, the book helps them see the big picture. It shows how linear models fit with the rest of the core statistics curriculum and points out the major issues that statistical modelers must consider.

Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research

Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao
Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research Book PDF

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2003-03-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780824748234

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Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research by Shein-Chung Chow,Hansheng Wang,Jun Shao Pdf

Sample size calculation plays an important role in clinical research. It is not uncommon, however, to observe discrepancies among study objectives (or hypotheses), study design, statistical analysis (or test statistic), and sample size calculation. Focusing on sample size calculation for studies conducted during the various phases of clinical research and development, Sample Size Calculation in Clinical Research explores the causes of discrepancies and how to avoid them. This volume provides formulas and procedures for determination of sample size required not only for testing equality, but also for testing non-inferiority/superiority, and equivalence (similarity) based on both untransformed (raw) data and log-transformed data under a parallel-group design or a crossover design with equal or unequal ratio of treatment allocations. It contains a comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical procedures for sample size calculation that are commonly employed at various phases of clinical development. Each chapter includes, whenever possible, real examples of clinical studies from therapeutic areas such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, anti-infective, oncology, and women's health to demonstrate the clinical and statistical concepts, interpretations, and their relationships and interactions. The book highlights statistical procedures for sample size calculation and justification that are commonly employed in clinical research and development. It provides clear, illustrated explanations of how the derived formulas and/or statistical procedures can be used.