Sample Size Determination And Power

Author : Thomas P. Ryan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118439227

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Sample Size Determination and Power by Thomas P. Ryan Pdf

A comprehensive approach to sample size determination and power with applications for a variety of fields Sample Size Determination and Power features a modern introduction to the applicability of sample size determination and provides a variety of discussions on broad topics including epidemiology, microarrays, survival analysis and reliability, design of experiments, regression, and confidence intervals. The book distinctively merges applications from numerous fields such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, and engineering in order to provide a complete introduction to the general statistical use of sample size determination. Advanced topics including multivariate analysis, clinical trials, and quality improvement are addressed, and in addition, the book provides considerable guidance on available software for sample size determination. Written by a well-known author who has extensively class-tested the material, Sample Size Determination and Power: Highlights the applicability of sample size determination and provides extensive literature coverage Presents a modern, general approach to relevant software to guide sample size determination including CATD (computer-aided trial design) Addresses the use of sample size determination in grant proposals and provides up-to-date references for grant investigators An appealing reference book for scientific researchers in a variety of fields, such as statistics, biostatistics, the health sciences, mathematics, ecology, and geology, who use sampling and estimation methods in their work, Sample Size Determination and Power is also an ideal supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses in statistical sampling.

Author : J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789811552045

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Determining Sample Size and Power in Research Studies by J. P. Verma,Priyam Verma Pdf

This book addresses sample size and power in the context of research, offering valuable insights for graduate and doctoral students as well as researchers in any discipline where data is generated to investigate research questions. It explains how to enhance the authenticity of research by estimating the sample size and reporting the power of the tests used. Further, it discusses the issue of sample size determination in survey studies as well as in hypothesis testing experiments so that readers can grasp the concept of statistical errors, minimum detectable difference, effect size, one-tail and two-tail tests and the power of the test. The book also highlights the importance of fixing these boundary conditions in enhancing the authenticity of research findings and improving the chances of research papers being accepted by respected journals. Further, it explores the significance of sample size by showing the power achieved in selected doctoral studies. Procedure has been discussed to fix power in the hypothesis testing experiment. One should usually have power at least 0.8 in the study because having power less than this will have the issue of practical significance of findings. If the power in any study is less than 0.5 then it would be better to test the hypothesis by tossing a coin instead of organizing the experiment. It also discusses determining sample size and power using the freeware G*Power software, based on twenty-one examples using different analyses, like t-test, parametric and non-parametric correlations, multivariate regression, logistic regression, independent and repeated measures ANOVA, mixed design, MANOVA and chi-square.

Author : M. M. Desu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780323139564

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Sample Size Methodology by M. M. Desu Pdf

One of the most important problems in designing an experiment or a survey is sample size determination and this book presents the currently available methodology. It includes both random sampling from standard probability distributions and from finite populations. Also discussed is sample size determination for estimating parameters in a Bayesian setting by considering the posterior distribution of the parameter and specifying the necessary requirements. The determination of the sample size is considered for ranking and selection problems as well as for the design of clinical trials. Appropriate techniques for attacking the general question of sample size determination in problems of estimation, tests of hypotheses, selection, and clinical trial design are all presented, and will help the reader in formulating an appropriate problem of sample size and in obtaining the solution. The book can be used as a text in a senior-level or a graduate course on sample size methodology. Annotated list of tables in appendixSupplemental problems at the end of book

Author : Paul Mathews
Publisher : Mathews Malnar and Bailey
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780615324616

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Sample Size Calculations by Paul Mathews Pdf

Sample Size Calculations: Practical Methods for Engineers and Scientists presents power and sample size calculations for common statistical analyses including methods for means, standard deviations, proportions, counts, regression, correlation, and measures of agreement. Topics of special interest to quality engineering professionals include designed experiments, reliability studies, statistical process control, acceptance sampling, process capability analysis, statistical tolerancing, and gage error studies. The book emphasizes approximate methods, but exact methods are presented when the approximate methods fail. Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods are introduced for situations that don't satisfy the assumptions of the analytical methods. Solutions are presented for more than 170 example problems and solutions for selected example problems using PASS, MINITAB, Piface, and R are posted on the Internet.

Author : Jacob Cohen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134742776

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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences by Jacob Cohen Pdf

Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods; * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and; * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2003-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309167857

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Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Pdf

Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.

Author : Patrick Dattalo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190295547

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Determining Sample Size by Patrick Dattalo Pdf

A researchers decision about the sample to draw in a study may have an enormous impact on the results, and it rests on numerous statistical and practical considerations that can be difficult to juggle. Computer programs help, but no single software package exists that allows researchers to determine sample size across all statistical procedures. This pocket guide shows social work students, educators, and researchers how to prevent some of the mistakes that would result from a wrong sample size decision by describing and critiquing four main approaches to determining sample size. In concise, example-rich chapters, Dattalo covers sample-size determination using power analysis, confidence intervals, computer-intensive strategies, and ethical or cost considerations, as well as techniques for advanced and emerging statistical strategies such as structural equation modeling, multilevel analysis, repeated measures MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. He also offers strategies for mitigating pressures to increase sample size when doing so may not be feasible. Whether as an introduction to the process for students or as a refresher for experienced researchers, this practical guide is a perfect overview of a crucial but often overlooked step in empirical social work research.

Author : Richard Valliant,Jill A. Dever,Frauke Kreuter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 678 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461464495

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Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples by Richard Valliant,Jill A. Dever,Frauke Kreuter Pdf

Survey sampling is fundamentally an applied field. The goal in this book is to put an array of tools at the fingertips of practitioners by explaining approaches long used by survey statisticians, illustrating how existing software can be used to solve survey problems, and developing some specialized software where needed. This book serves at least three audiences: (1) Students seeking a more in-depth understanding of applied sampling either through a second semester-long course or by way of a supplementary reference; (2) Survey statisticians searching for practical guidance on how to apply concepts learned in theoretical or applied sampling courses; and (3) Social scientists and other survey practitioners who desire insight into the statistical thinking and steps taken to design, select, and weight random survey samples. Several survey data sets are used to illustrate how to design samples, to make estimates from complex surveys for use in optimizing the sample allocation, and to calculate weights. Realistic survey projects are used to demonstrate the challenges and provide a context for the solutions. The book covers several topics that either are not included or are dealt with in a limited way in other texts. These areas include: sample size computations for multistage designs; power calculations related to surveys; mathematical programming for sample allocation in a multi-criteria optimization setting; nuts and bolts of area probability sampling; multiphase designs; quality control of survey operations; and statistical software for survey sampling and estimation. An associated R package, PracTools, contains a number of specialized functions for sample size and other calculations. The data sets used in the book are also available in PracTools, so that the reader may replicate the examples or perform further analyses.

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 954 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351727112

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Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research by Shein-Chung Chow,Jun Shao,Hansheng Wang,Yuliya Lokhnygina Pdf

Praise for the Second Edition: "... this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study." -Biometrics "This impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered ..." – Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, this book includes a well-balanced summary of current and emerging clinical issues, regulatory requirements, and recently developed statistical methodologies for sample size calculation. Features: Compares the relative merits and disadvantages of statistical methods for sample size calculations Explains how the formulae and procedures for sample size calculations can be used in a variety of clinical research and development stages Presents real-world examples from several therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular medicine, the central nervous system, anti-infective medicine, oncology, and women’s health Provides sample size calculations for dose response studies, microarray studies, and Bayesian approaches This new edition is updated throughout, includes many new sections, and five new chapters on emerging topics: two stage seamless adaptive designs, cluster randomized trial design, zero-inflated Poisson distribution, clinical trials with extremely low incidence rates, and clinical trial simulation.

Author : Helena Chmura Kraemer,Sue Thiemann
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1987-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0803929498

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How Many Subjects? by Helena Chmura Kraemer,Sue Thiemann Pdf

How Many Subjects? is a practical guide to sample size calculations and general principles of cost-effective research. It introduces a simple technique of statistical power analysis which allows researchers to compute approximate sample sizes and power for a wide variety of research designs. Because the same technique is used with only slight modifications for different statistical tests, researchers can easily compare the sample sizes required by different designs and tests to make cost-effective decisions in planning a study. These comparisons, emphasized throughout the book, demonstrate important principles of design, measurement and analysis that are rarely discussed in courses or textbooks.

Author : Mathias Harrer,Pim Cuijpers,Toshi A. Furukawa,David D. Ebert
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000435634

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Doing Meta-Analysis with R by Mathias Harrer,Pim Cuijpers,Toshi A. Furukawa,David D. Ebert Pdf

Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book

Author : Takashi Sozu,Tomoyuki Sugimoto,Toshimitsu Hamasaki,Scott R. Evans
Publisher : Springer
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783319220055

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Sample Size Determination in Clinical Trials with Multiple Endpoints by Takashi Sozu,Tomoyuki Sugimoto,Toshimitsu Hamasaki,Scott R. Evans Pdf

This book integrates recent methodological developments for calculating the sample size and power in trials with more than one endpoint considered as multiple primary or co-primary, offering an important reference work for statisticians working in this area. The determination of sample size and the evaluation of power are fundamental and critical elements in the design of clinical trials. If the sample size is too small, important effects may go unnoticed; if the sample size is too large, it represents a waste of resources and unethically puts more participants at risk than necessary. Recently many clinical trials have been designed with more than one endpoint considered as multiple primary or co-primary, creating a need for new approaches to the design and analysis of these clinical trials. The book focuses on the evaluation of power and sample size determination when comparing the effects of two interventions in superiority clinical trials with multiple endpoints. Methods for sample size calculation in clinical trials where the alternative hypothesis is that there are effects on ALL endpoints are discussed in detail. The book also briefly examines trials designed with an alternative hypothesis of an effect on AT LEAST ONE endpoint with a prespecified non-ordering of endpoints.

Author : Chul Ahn,Moonseoung Heo,Song Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781466556263

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Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research by Chul Ahn,Moonseoung Heo,Song Zhang Pdf

Accurate sample size calculation ensures that clinical studies have adequate power to detect clinically meaningful effects. This results in the efficient use of resources and avoids exposing a disproportionate number of patients to experimental treatments caused by an overpowered study. Sample Size Calculations for Clustered and Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Research explains how to determine sample size for studies with correlated outcomes, which are widely implemented in medical, epidemiological, and behavioral studies. The book focuses on issues specific to the two types of correlated outcomes: longitudinal and clustered. For clustered studies, the authors provide sample size formulas that accommodate variable cluster sizes and within-cluster correlation. For longitudinal studies, they present sample size formulas to account for within-subject correlation among repeated measurements and various missing data patterns. For multiple levels of clustering, the level at which to perform randomization actually becomes a design parameter. The authors show how this can greatly impact trial administration, analysis, and sample size requirement. Addressing the overarching theme of sample size determination for correlated outcomes, this book provides a useful resource for biostatisticians, clinical investigators, epidemiologists, and social scientists whose research involves trials with correlated outcomes. Each chapter is self-contained so readers can explore topics relevant to their research projects without having to refer to other chapters.

Author : Simon T. Bate,Robin A. Clark
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107030787

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The Design and Statistical Analysis of Animal Experiments by Simon T. Bate,Robin A. Clark Pdf

This book will provide scientists with a better understanding of statistics, improving their decision-making and reducing animal use.

Author : Arthur E. Mace
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Reliability (Engineering)
ISBN : STANFORD:36105001738447

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Sample-size Determination by Arthur E. Mace Pdf