Secret History Of Chemical Warfare

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A History of Chemical and Biological Weapons

Edward M. Spiers
A History of Chemical and Biological Weapons Book PDF

Author : Edward M. Spiers
Publisher : Reaktion Books
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781861897244

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A History of Chemical and Biological Weapons by Edward M. Spiers Pdf

Following the 9/11 attacks and the anthrax letters that appeared in their wake, the threat posed by the widespread accessibility of chemical and biological weapons has continually been used to stir public fear and opinion by politicians and the media alike. In Chemical and Biological Weapons, Edward M. Spiers cuts through the scare tactics and hype to provide a thorough and even-handed examination of the weapons themselves—the various types and effects—and their evolution from World War I to the present. Spiers describes the similarities and differences between the two types of weapons and how technological advancements have led to tactical innovations in their use over time. As well, he gives equal attention to the international response to the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons, analyzing global efforts aimed at restraining their use, such as deterrence and disarmament, and the effectiveness of these approaches in the twentieth century. Using Iraq as a case study, Spiers also investigates its deployment of chemical weapons in the Iran-Iraq War and the attempts by the international community to disarm Iraq through the United Nations Special Commission and the United States-led war in 2003. A timely and balanced historical survey, Chemical and Biological Weapons will be of interest to readers studying the proliferation and use of chemical and biological warfare and the reactions of the international community throughout the last several decades.

A History of Chemical Warfare

K. Coleman
A History of Chemical Warfare Book PDF

Author : K. Coleman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2005-05-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780230501836

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A History of Chemical Warfare by K. Coleman Pdf

This book provides an analysis of the development and deployment of chemical weapons from 700BC to the present day. The First World War is examined in detail since it remains the most significant experience of the chemical threat, but the Second World War, and post-war conflicts are also evaluated. Additionally, protocols attempting to control the proliferation and use of chemical weapons are assessed. Finally, the book examines the threat (real and imagined) from a chemical warfare attack today by rationally assessing to what extent terrorist groups around the world are capable of making and using such weapons.

War of Nerves

Jonathan Tucker
War of Nerves Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Tucker
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307430106

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War of Nerves by Jonathan Tucker Pdf

In this important and revelatory book, Jonathan Tucker, a leading expert on chemical and biological weapons, chronicles the lethal history of chemical warfare from World War I to the present. At the turn of the twentieth century, the rise of synthetic chemistry made the large-scale use of toxic chemicals on the battlefield both feasible and cheap. Tucker explores the long debate over the military utility and morality of chemical warfare, from the first chlorine gas attack at Ypres in 1915 to Hitler’s reluctance to use nerve agents (he believed, incorrectly, that the U.S. could retaliate in kind) to Saddam Hussein’s gassing of his own people, and concludes with the emergent threat of chemical terrorism. Moving beyond history to the twenty-first century, War of Nerves makes clear that we are at a crossroads that could lead either to the further spread of these weapons or to their ultimate abolition.

Agents of War

Edward M. Spiers
Agents of War Book PDF

Author : Edward M. Spiers
Publisher : Reaktion Books
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789143546

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Agents of War by Edward M. Spiers Pdf

Often described as the misuse of science, chemical and biological weapons have incurred widespread opposition over the years. Despite condemnation from the United Nations, governments, and the disarmament lobby, they remain very real options for rogue states and terrorists. In this new edition of Agents of War, Edward M. Spiers has expanded and updated this much-needed history with two new chapters on political poisoning and chemical weapons in the Middle East. Spiers breaks new ground by presenting his analysis in both historical and contemporary contexts, giving a comprehensive chronological account of why, where, and when such weapons were used or suspected to be deployed.

Toxic

Dan Kaszeta
Toxic Book PDF

Author : Dan Kaszeta
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197578094

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Toxic by Dan Kaszeta Pdf

Nerve agents are the world's deadliest means of chemical warfare. Nazi Germany developed the first military-grade nerve agents and massive industry for their manufacture--yet, strangely, the Third Reich never used them. At the end of the Second World War, the Allies were stunned to discover this advanced and extensive programme. The Soviets and Western powers embarked on a new arms race, amassing huge chemical arsenals. From their Nazi invention to the 2018 Novichok attack in Britain, Dan Kaszeta uncovers nerve agents' gradual spread across the world, despite international arms control efforts. They've been deployed in the Iran-Iraq War, by terrorists in Japan, in the Syrian Civil War, and by assassins in Malaysia and Salisbury--always with bitter consequences. Toxic recounts the grisly history of these weapons of mass destruction: a deadly suite of invisible, odourless killers.

A Higher Form of Killing

Robert Harris,Jeremy Paxman
A Higher Form of Killing Book PDF

Author : Robert Harris,Jeremy Paxman
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2002-08-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812966534

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A Higher Form of Killing by Robert Harris,Jeremy Paxman Pdf

A Higher Form of Killing opens with the first devastating battlefield use of lethal gas in World War I, and then investigates the stockpiling of biological weapons during World War II and in the decades afterward as well as the inhuman experiments con-ducted to test their effectiveness. This updated edition includes a new Introduction and a new final chapter exposing frightening developments in recent years, including the black market that emerged in chemical and biological weapons following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the acquisition of these weapons by various Third World states, the attempts of countries such as Iraq to build up arsenals, and--particularly and most recently--the use of these weapons in terrorist attacks.

Secret History of Chemical Warfare

N. J. McCamley
Secret History of Chemical Warfare Book PDF

Author : N. J. McCamley
Publisher : Casemate Publishers
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781783409099

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Secret History of Chemical Warfare by N. J. McCamley Pdf

This book offers a full examination and description of all the toxic chemical and microbiological agents, either tested, manufactured or used since 1914. It identifies the major research, testing and manufacturing plants worldwide with special emphasis on the UK and North America. Among the British sites are Porton Down (Wiltshire), Sutton Oak (Lancashire), Nancekuke (North Cornwall) and the ICI-operated plants at Rhydymwn (North Wales) and St Helens and elsewhere in Lancashire.It details all verifiable uses of CBW since 1914 and examines the rationale behind such operations. Also studied is the arms race for CBW between competing powers. The author uncovers the scientific arrogance and political ignorance that has led to a greatly exaggerated perception of the potency of CBW, which he maintains is still the case today.Finally McCamley reveals the scandalous history of inadequate and dangerous storage and disposal practices.

Toxic Exposures

Susan L. Smith
Toxic Exposures Book PDF

Author : Susan L. Smith
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813586120

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Toxic Exposures by Susan L. Smith Pdf

Mustard gas is typically associated with the horrors of World War I battlefields and trenches, where chemical weapons were responsible for tens of thousands of deaths. Few realize, however, that mustard gas had a resurgence during the Second World War, when its uses and effects were widespread and insidious. Toxic Exposures tells the shocking story of how the United States and its allies intentionally subjected thousands of their own servicemen to poison gas as part of their preparation for chemical warfare. In addition, it reveals the racialized dimension of these mustard gas experiments, as scientists tested whether the effects of toxic exposure might vary between Asian, Hispanic, black, and white Americans. Drawing from once-classified American and Canadian government records, military reports, scientists’ papers, and veterans’ testimony, historian Susan L. Smith explores not only the human cost of this research, but also the environmental degradation caused by ocean dumping of unwanted mustard gas. As she assesses the poisonous legacy of these chemical warfare experiments, Smith also considers their surprising impact on the origins of chemotherapy as cancer treatment and the development of veterans’ rights movements. Toxic Exposures thus traces the scars left when the interests of national security and scientific curiosity battled with medical ethics and human rights.

The Secret History of the War on Cancer

Devra Davis
The Secret History of the War on Cancer Book PDF

Author : Devra Davis
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780465010318

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The Secret History of the War on Cancer by Devra Davis Pdf

The War on Cancer set out to find, treat, and cure a disease. Left untouched were many of the things known to cause cancer, including tobacco, the workplace, radiation, or the global environment. Proof of how the world in which we live and work affects whether we get cancer was either overlooked or suppressed. This has been no accident. The War on Cancer was run by leaders of industries that made cancer-causing products, and sometimes also profited from drugs and technologies for finding and treating the disease. Filled with compelling personalities and never-before-revealed information, The Secret History of the War on Cancer shows how we began fighting the wrong war, with the wrong weapons, against the wrong enemies-a legacy that persists to this day. This is the gripping story of a major public health effort diverted and distorted for private gain. A portion of the profits from this book will go to support research on cancer prevention.

The Great Secret: The Classified World War II Disaster that Launched the War on Cancer

Jennet Conant
The Great Secret The Classified World War II Disaster that Launched the War on Cancer Book PDF

Author : Jennet Conant
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781324002512

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The Great Secret: The Classified World War II Disaster that Launched the War on Cancer by Jennet Conant Pdf

The gripping story of a chemical weapons catastrophe, the cover-up, and how one American Army doctor’s discovery led to the development of the first drug to combat cancer, known today as chemotherapy. On the night of December 2, 1943, the Luftwaffe bombed a critical Allied port in Bari, Italy, sinking seventeen ships and killing over a thousand servicemen and hundreds of civilians. Caught in the surprise air raid was the John Harvey, an American Liberty ship carrying a top-secret cargo of 2,000 mustard bombs to be used in retaliation if the Germans resorted to gas warfare. When one young sailor after another began suddenly dying of mysterious symptoms, Lieutenant Colonel Stewart Alexander, a doctor and chemical weapons expert, was dispatched to investigate. He quickly diagnosed mustard gas exposure, but was overruled by British officials determined to cover up the presence of poison gas in the devastating naval disaster, which the press dubbed "little Pearl Harbor." Prime Minister Winston Churchill and General Dwight D. Eisenhower acted in concert to suppress the truth, insisting the censorship was necessitated by military security. Alexander defied British port officials and heroically persevered in his investigation. His final report on the Bari casualties was immediately classified, but not before his breakthrough observations about the toxic effects of mustard on white blood cells caught the attention of Colonel Cornelius P. Rhoads—a pioneering physician and research scientist as brilliant as he was arrogant and self-destructive—who recognized that the poison was both a killer and a cure, and ushered in a new era of cancer research led by the Sloan Kettering Institute. Meanwhile, the Bari incident remained cloaked in military secrecy, resulting in lost records, misinformation, and considerable confusion about how a deadly chemical weapon came to be tamed for medical use. Deeply researched and beautifully written, The Great Secret is the remarkable story of how horrific tragedy gave birth to medical triumph.

The Twilight War

David Crist
The Twilight War Book PDF

Author : David Crist
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 950 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9781101572344

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The Twilight War by David Crist Pdf

The dramatic secret history of our undeclared thirty-year conflict with Iran, revealing newsbreaking episodes of covert and deadly operations that brought the two nations to the brink of open war For three decades, the United States and Iran have engaged in a secret war. It is a conflict that has never been acknowledged and a story that has never been told. This surreptitious war began with the Iranian revolution and simmers today inside Iraq and in the Persian Gulf. Fights rage in the shadows, between the CIA and its network of spies and Iran's intelligence agency. Battles are fought at sea with Iranians in small speedboats attacking Western oil tankers. This conflict has frustrated five American presidents, divided administrations, and repeatedly threatened to bring the two nations into open warfare. It is a story of shocking miscalculations, bitter debates, hidden casualties, boldness, and betrayal. A senior historian for the federal government with unparalleled access to senior officials and key documents of several U.S. administrations, Crist has spent more than ten years researching and writing The Twilight War, and he breaks new ground on virtually every page. Crist describes the series of secret negotiations between Iran and the United States after 9/11, culminating in Iran's proposal for a grand bargain for peace-which the Bush administration turned down. He documents the clandestine counterattack Iran launched after America's 2003 invasion of Iraq, in which thousands of soldiers disguised as reporters, tourists, pilgrims, and aid workers toiled to change the government in Baghdad and undercut American attempts to pacify the Iraqi insurgency. And he reveals in vivid detail for the first time a number of important stories of military and intelligence operations by both sides, both successes and failures, and their typically unexpected consequences. Much has changed in the world since 1979, but Iran and America remain each other's biggest national security nightmares. "The Iran problem" is a razor-sharp briar patch that has claimed its sixth presidential victim in Barack Obama and his administration. The Twilight War adds vital new depth to our understanding of this acute dilemma it is also a thrillingly engrossing read, animated by a healthy irony about human failings in the fog of not-quite war.

Secrecy and Science

Brian Balmer
Secrecy and Science Book PDF

Author : Brian Balmer
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : History
ISBN : 9781409430575

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Secrecy and Science by Brian Balmer Pdf

Drawing on classical sociological writing on secrecy by Simmel, Merton and Shils Secrecy and Science draws on recently declassified documents to investigate significant episodes in the history of biological and chemical warfare. At the same time, it draws on more contemporary perspectives in science and technology studies that understand knowledge and social order as co-produced within heterogeneous networks of 'things and people' in order to develop a theoretical set of arguments about how the relationship between secrecy and science might be understood.

Hellfire Boys

Theo Emery
Hellfire Boys Book PDF

Author : Theo Emery
Publisher : Little, Brown
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780316264112

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Hellfire Boys by Theo Emery Pdf

This explosive look into the dawn of chemical warfare during World War I is "a terrifying piece of history that almost no one knows" (Hampton Sides). In 1915, when German forces executed the first successful gas attack of World War I, the world watched in horror as the boundaries of warfare were forever changed. Cries of barbarianism rang throughout Europe, yet Allied nations immediately jumped into the fray, kickstarting an arms race that would redefine a war already steeped in unimaginable horror. Largely forgotten in the confines of history, the development of the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service in 1917 left an indelible imprint on World War I. This small yet powerful division, along with the burgeoning Bureau of Mines, assembled research and military unites devoted solely to chemical weaponry, outfitting regiments with hastily made gas-resistant uniforms and recruiting scientists and engineers from around the world into the fight. As the threat of new gases and more destructive chemicals grew stronger, the chemists' secret work in the laboratories transformed into an explosive fusion of steel, science, and gas on the battlefield. Drawing from years of research, Theo Emery brilliantly shows how World War I quickly spiraled into a chemists' war, one led by the companies of young American engineers-turned-soldiers who would soon become known as the "Hellfire Boys." As gas attacks began to mark the heaviest and most devastating battles, these brave and brilliant men were on the front lines, racing against the clock -- and the Germans -- to protect, develop, and unleash the latest weapons of mass destruction.

State Secrets

Vil S. Mirzayanov
State Secrets Book PDF

Author : Vil S. Mirzayanov
Publisher : Outskirts Press
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 1432725661

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State Secrets by Vil S. Mirzayanov Pdf

"The Mirzayanov case is an immediate legal litmus test of emerging Russian democracy. He is an individual in the true tradition of Andrei Sakharov, a man persecuted under the former regime for telling the truth, but now, rightfully, universally honored."--Dan Ellsberg, author.

Behind the Gas Mask

Thomas I Faith
Behind the Gas Mask Book PDF

Author : Thomas I Faith
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0252038681

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Behind the Gas Mask by Thomas I Faith Pdf

In Behind the Gas Mask, Thomas Faith offers an institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service, the department tasked with improving the Army's ability to use and defend against chemical weapons during and after World War One. Taking the CWS's story from the trenches to peacetime, he explores how the CWS's work on chemical warfare continued through the 1920s despite deep opposition to the weapons in both military and civilian circles. As Faith shows, the believers in chemical weapons staffing the CWS allied with supporters in the military, government, and private industry to lobby to add chemical warfare to the country's permanent arsenal. Their argument: poison gas represented an advanced and even humane tool in modern war, while its applications for pest control and crowd control made a chemical capacity relevant in peacetime. But conflict with those aligned against chemical warfare forced the CWS to fight for its institutional life--and ultimately led to the U.S. military's rejection of battlefield chemical weapons.