Sex Determination And Differentiation In Reptiles

Author : Ettore Olmo
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Genetic sex determination
ISBN : STANFORD:36105215525515

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Sex Determination and Differentiation in Reptiles by Ettore Olmo Pdf

Reptiles are a fascinating group for the study of sexual development because they exhibit a wide range of sex-determining mechanisms, from strict genetic sex determination (GSD) to strict thermal sex determination (TSD) and intermediate systems of GSD that are to various degrees overridden by environmental effects . This thematic issue presents the latest data on different aspects of sex determination in reptiles. Following an evolutionary perspective on why reptiles might be predisposed to evolve TSD, the papers in this issue explore in detail the different genetic and molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation. They consider recent findings such as the discovery of new genes differentially expressed at male and female sex-determining temperatures, a new model of the role of aromatase, and the contribution of heat-shock proteins to TSD in the American alligator. Further studies examine the role played by sex allocation, the advantage of viviparity, and the effects of anthropogenic climate change on the sex ratio in TSD reptile populations. Providing a valuable overview for both students and researchers, this publication is essential reading for developmental and reproductive biologists, herpetologists, comparative endocrinologists, evolutionary biologists and geneticists.

Author : Nicole Valenzuela,Valentine A. Lance
Publisher : Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822034180331

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Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in Vertebrates by Nicole Valenzuela,Valentine A. Lance Pdf

Edited by the world's foremost authorities on the subject, with essays by leading scholars in the field, this work shows how the sex of reptiles and many fish is determined not by the chromosomes they inherit but by the temperature at which incubation takes place.

Author : Kazuya Kobayashi,Takeshi Kitano,Yasuhiro Iwao,Mariko Kondo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431566090

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Reproductive and Developmental Strategies by Kazuya Kobayashi,Takeshi Kitano,Yasuhiro Iwao,Mariko Kondo Pdf

This book provides new insights into the universality of biological systems in animal reproduction and development by a comparative study of a variety of mechanisms in animals ranging from basal invertebrates to vertebrates, including mammals. Animals accomplish genetic diversity through meiosis and fertilization, and during embryogenesis animals must produce specialized cell types, including germ cells, in accordance with their individual body plan. This series of phenomena is essential to the continuity of life in the animal kingdom, and animals show various reproductive and developmental strategies. This volume, comprising four parts, reviews animal kingdom diversity, including reproductive strategies and germ cell differentiation mechanisms (Part 1), sex determination and differentiation (Part2), the mechanisms of fertilization (Part 3), and body axis formation (Part 4). Readers will find descriptions of the reproduction or development of 180 species, 13 phyla, 35 classes, 74 orders, 117 families, and 151 genera in this book. Of particular interest is the diversity of molecules and mechanisms used to achieve the same biological purpose in different animals. Undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scientists who want a deeper understanding of animal reproductive and developmental mechanisms will find this book to be of great value.

Author : Gerd Scherer,Michael Schmid
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034877817

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Genes and Mechanisms in Vertebrate Sex Determination by Gerd Scherer,Michael Schmid Pdf

Following an opening chapter by the late Susumu Ohno on paralogues of sex-determining genes, the five best-studied genes essential for early mammalian gonadal development are portrayed in detail: SF-1 and WT1 and their roles in early events in gonadal development, SRY and SOX9 in testis determination, and the anti-testis gene DAX-1. Subsequent chapters look at the roles of these genes in sex determination in marsupial mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and review the different sex-determining mechanisms, genetic and environmental, that operate in these different vertebrate classes. Two insights emerge: one, that the same basic set of genes appears to operate during early gonadal development in all vertebrates, despite the differences in mechanisms; the other, that sex determination in vertebrates results from a complex network of regulatory interactions and not from a simple hierarchical cascade of gene actions.

Author : Anthony Loren Schroeder,Turk Rhen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Androgens
ISBN : 1267938102

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Sex Determination and Differentiation in the Common Snapping Turtle by Anthony Loren Schroeder,Turk Rhen Pdf

Author : Denis Charles Deeming
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781897676110

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Reptilian Incubation by Denis Charles Deeming Pdf

Reptiles have been a topic for scientific study for many decades and remain widely studied around the world. In particular, their reproductive patterns and strategies have been extensively studied, proving useful in analysis of life-history strategies. A pivotal aspect of reptilian reproduction is incubation of eggs. Oviparity is found in all turtles, crocodilians and the tuatara and is prevalent in many lizards and snakes. Many aspects of the eggs, embryos and incubation conditions have been the subject of numerous scientific reports. This volume is dedicated to systematic analysis of reptilian incubation. The concept for the book is to look at reptilian eggs, development and incubation conditions in a functional way with particular emphasis on the natural incubation environment and, rather than concentrating on Family accounts, (e.g. incubation in crocodilians) the chapters review the topics in all reptile types allowing for the first time a systematic comparison of incubation between crocodilians, turtles and squamates. In addition to reviewing current information, the authors briefly look towards the future and outline areas where further research is needed.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : American alligator
ISBN : MINN:31951D02577718O

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American Alligator by Anonim Pdf

Author : Alberto J. Solari
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1993-10-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0849345715

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Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Vertebrates by Alberto J. Solari Pdf

The cloning of the SRY gene and the attainment of XX mice transgenic for the Sry gene opened a new era in research on sex determination. This book surveys current knowledge of sex chromosomes and sex determination in all vertebrate classes, relying on the restriction of genetic recombination in sex chromosomes as the unifying concept of this subject. The book's interdisciplinary approach integrates contributions from the fields of cytogenetics, molecular biology, developmental biology, and evolutionary genetics. A detailed treatment of the meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes is featured, and the entire text is supplemented by numerous schemes, drawings, and electron micrographs. The book will be valuable to general cytogeneticists, vertebrate zoologists, and veterinarian and medical practitioners interested in the foundations of sex determination and the current knowledge of sex chromosomes. It will also interest students in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these areas.

Author : Susumu Ohno
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642881787

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Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes by Susumu Ohno Pdf

Natural selection operates among individual organisms which differ in their genetic constitution. The degree of hereditary variability within a species is greatly enhanced by cross-fertilization. Indeed, the mechanism of sexual reproduction occurred very early in evolution, for it is seen today even in bacteria. In Escherichia coli, fertilization occurs by passage of the single chromosome from the male into the female bacterium (LEDERBERG, 1959). In multicellular organisms, the separation of germ from soma, and the production of haploid gametes became mandatory. The gametes were of two types. One, extremely mobile, was designed to seek out and penetrate the other, which loaded with nutrients, received the mobile gamete and intiated the development of a new individual. The foundation for true bisexuality was thus laid. In the primitive state of bisexuality, whether an individual is to be a sperm-producing male or an egg-producing female appears to be decided rather haphazardly. In the worm, Banelia viridis, the minute males are parasites in the female. Larvae that become attached to the proboscis of an adult female become males, while unattached larvae sink to the bottom and become females (BALTZER, 1935). The more sophisticated state of bisexuality was initiated by setting aside a particular pair of chromosomes for specialization and making either the male or the female a heterogametic sex. Sex chromosomes as we know them were thus born.

Author : Kristen J. Navara
Publisher : Springer
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319712710

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Choosing Sexes by Kristen J. Navara Pdf

There is extensive evidence that vertebrates of all classes have the ability to control the sexes of the offspring they produce. Despite dramatic differences in the mechanisms by which different taxa determine the initial sex of offspring, each group has found its own way of adjusting offspring sex ratios in response to social and environmental cues. For example, stress is a well-known modulator of offspring sex in members of all groups studied to date. Food availability, and limitation in particular, is another common cue that stimulates biases in offspring sex ratios in a wide variety of species. Offspring sex can be adjusted at the primary level, which occurs prior to conception, or at the secondary level, during embryonic development. While the mechanistic pathways that ultimately result in sex ratio biases and the developmental time-points sensitive to those mechanisms likely differ among taxa, the key involvement of steroid hormones in the process of sex ratio adjustment appears to be pervasive throughout. This book reviews the systems of sex determination at play in different vertebrate groups, summarizes the evidence that members of all vertebrate taxa can facultatively adjust offspring sex, and discusses when and how these adjustments can take place.

Author : R. Reinboth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642660696

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Intersexuality in the Animal Kingdom by R. Reinboth Pdf

When Richard Goldschmidt' coined the term "intersexuality" in 1915, he intended it to apply to normally dioecious species which exhibit some kind of mixture between male and female characters. However, as knowledge of the bewildering variability present in the sexual orga nization of members of the animal kingdom has increased, the original meaning of the word has changed. Today many authors define inter sexuality as "the presence of both male and female characteristics, or of intermediate sexual characteristics, in a single individual".2 This more extensive and widely accepted concept justifies the title of our book •. Among all the anatomical and physiological features of living organisms the reproductive system has a unique importance for the perpetuation of the species. Conversely, reproductive processes are of little or no account for the viability of the individual. Therefore, within the framework of general biology reproduction has all too often been looked at solely from the point of view of genetics. Lively discussions about genotypic versus phenotypic sex determination long dominated the sci entific literature on sexuality in animals; this one-sided emphasis has tended to obscure many important facets of an organism's ability to reproduce. Recent developments in current biological research have brought the classic problem of sex differentiation into focus again, and the rapid progress being made in comparative endocrinology has added a new di mension to the study of reproductive biology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128115046

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Sex Determination in Vertebrates by Anonim Pdf

Sex Determination, Volume 134, the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, contains current reviews in the field of vertebrate sex determination. It covers molecular pathways of sex determination in genetic and environmental species and encompasses both sex determination of somatic lineages and commitment of germ cells to male or female fate. Chapters in this new release cover, amongst other topics, Mapping the Sox9 Enhancer Elements, Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Determination, Evolution and Management of Sex Chromosomes, Regulation of Germ Cell Sex Identity in Medaka, Control of Sex Determination in Zebrafish, Sexually Dimorphic Germ Cell Identity in Mammals, and more. Contains reviews written by leading experts in each field Includes informative figures that illustrate principle points that are useful for teaching Written in a style that is clear and simple

Author : Hanping Wang,Francesc Piferrer,Songlin Chen,Zhi-Gang Shen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1810 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119127277

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Sex Control in Aquaculture by Hanping Wang,Francesc Piferrer,Songlin Chen,Zhi-Gang Shen Pdf

Awarded Bookauthority's "Best Aquaculture Books of all Time" A comprehensive resource that covers all the aspects of sex control in aquaculture written by internationally-acclaimed scientists Comprehensive in scope, Sex Control in Aquaculture first explains the concepts and rationale for sex control in aquaculture, which serves different purposes. The most important are: to produce monosex stocks to rear only the fastest-growing sex in some species, to prevent precocious or uncontrolled reproduction in other species and to aid in broodstock management. The application of sex ratio manipulation for population control and invasive species management is also included. Next, this book provides detailed and updated information on the underlying genetic, epigenetic, endocrine and environmental mechanisms responsible for the establishment of the sexes, and explains chromosome set manipulation techniques, hybridization and the latest gene knockout approaches. Furthermore, the book offers detailed protocols and key summarizing information on how sex control is practiced worldwide in 35 major aquaculture species or groups, including fish and crustaceans, and puts the focus on its application in the aquaculture industry. With contributions from an international panel of leading scientists, Sex Control in Aquaculture will appeal to a large audience: aquaculture/fisheries professionals and students, scientists or biologists working with basic aspects of fish/shrimp biology, growth and reproductive endocrinology, genetics, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and R&D managers and administrators. This text explores sex control technologies and monosex production of commercially-farmed fish and crustacean species that are highly in demand for aquaculture, to improve feed utilization efficiency, reduce energy consumption for reproduction and eliminate a series of problems caused by mixed sex rearing. Thus, this book: Contains contributions from an international panel of leading scientists and professionals in the field Provides comprehensive coverage of both established and new technologies to control sex ratios that are becoming more necessary to increase productivity in aquaculture Includes detailed coverage of the most effective sex control techniques used in the world's most important commercially-farmed species Sex Control in Aquaculture is the comprehensive resource for understanding the biological rationale, scientific principles and real-world practices in this exciting and expanding field.

Author : Nettie Maria Stevens
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-12
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9783752425253

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Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 1 of 2) by Nettie Maria Stevens Pdf

Reproduction of the original: Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 1 of 2) by Nettie Maria Stevens

Author : Ursula Mittwoch
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483258584

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Sex Chromosomes by Ursula Mittwoch Pdf

Sex Chromosomes focuses on the study of sex chromosomes, including human chromosomal abnormalities, behavior and characteristics of chromosomes, and cell division. The book first offers information on the chromosomal basis of sex determination, as well as development of the cell theory, mitosis, fertilization, meiosis, and discovery of sex chromosomes. The publication also ponders on the mitosis, meiosis, and formation of gametes. Discussions focus on the special characteristics of sex chromosomes, abnormalities of cell division, and sexual differentiation. The manuscript reviews sex chromosomes in plants, Drosophila, and Lepidoptera. The book also examines sex-chromosome mechanisms that differ the classic type; sex chromosomes in fishes, amphibia, reptiles, and birds; and sex chromosomes in man. Discussions focus on normal human sex chromosomes, Turner's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, true hermaphrodites, testicular feminization, and pseudohermaphrodites. Sex chromosomes in mammals other than man, including monotremata, marsupialia, insectivora, rodentia, and carnivora, are discussed. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of sex chromosomes.