Shaping Science And Technology Policy

Author : David H. Guston,Daniel Sarewitz
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2007-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780299219130

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Shaping Science and Technology Policy by David H. Guston,Daniel Sarewitz Pdf

With scientific progress occurring at a breathtaking pace, science and technology policy has never been more important than it is today. Yet there is a very real lack of public discourse about policy-making, and government involvement in science remains shrouded in both mystery and misunderstanding. Who is making choices about technology policy, and who stands to win or lose from these choices? What criteria are being used to make decisions and why? Does government involvement help or hinder scientific research? Shaping Science and Technology Policy brings together an exciting and diverse group of emerging scholars, both practitioners and academic experts, to investigate current issues in science and technology policy. Essays explore such topics as globalization, the shifting boundary between public and private, informed consent in human participation in scientific research, intellectual property and university science, and the distribution of the costs and benefits of research. Contributors: Charlotte Augst, Grant Black, Mark Brown, Kevin Elliott, Patrick Feng, Pamela M. Franklin, Carolyn Gideon, Tené N. Hamilton, Brian A. Jackson, Shobita Parthasarathy, Jason W. Patton, A. Abigail Payne, Bhaven Sampat, Christian Sandvig, Sheryl Winston Smith, Michael Whong-Barr

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264312012

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Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives by OECD Pdf

This report identifies seven policy dimensions that allow governments – together with citizens, firms and stakeholders – to shape digital transformation to improve lives. It also highlights key opportunities, challenges and policies related to each dimension, offers new insights, evidence and analysis, and provides recommendations for better policies in the digital age.

Author : Janet Vertesi
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226691084

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Shaping Science by Janet Vertesi Pdf

In Shaping Science, Janet Vertesi draws on a decade of immersive ethnography with NASA’s robotic spacecraft teams to create a comparative account of two great space missions of the early 2000s. Although these missions featured robotic explorers on the frontiers of the solar system bravely investigating new worlds, their commands were issued from millions of miles away by a very human team. By examining the two teams’ formal structures, decision-making techniques, and informal work practices in the day-to-day process of mission planning, Vertesi shows just how deeply entangled a team’s local organizational context is with the knowledge they produce about other worlds. Using extensive, embedded experiences on two NASA spacecraft teams, this is the first book to apply organizational studies of work to the laboratory environment in order to analyze the production of scientific knowledge itself. Engaging and deeply researched, Shaping Science demonstrates the significant influence that the social organization of a scientific team can have on the practices of that team and the results they yield.

Author : Knut H. Sørensen,Robin Williams
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111763269

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Shaping Technology, Guiding Policy by Knut H. Sørensen,Robin Williams Pdf

This text evolved from the European COST A4 Action on the Social Shaping of Technology 1991-9, a coordinated effort of national scientific and technical research conducted on a European level. In this collection of 13 essays, 15 international scholars explore several issues regarding social shaping technology (SST), including the development of SST as a research area; the main concepts and approaches emerging within the area of SST; the new explanatory frameworks, concepts and tools which have recently emerged; and how these findings contribute to policy and public and commercial intervention around technological innovation. For academics and researchers in science and technology studies, technology policy, and the management of technology, and for technology policymakers and practitioners. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Michael S. Lubell
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780128147115

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Navigating the Maze by Michael S. Lubell Pdf

Navigating the Maze: How Science and Technology Policies Shape America and the World offers a captivating deep dive into the inner workings of the world of public policy. Written by prominent science advocate and renowned physics researcher and educator, Michael S. Lubell, this valuable book provides insights and real-world examples for anyone looking to understand how policy works in reality: for students, scientists, and the public. Well-organized and featuring a compelling historical narrative, this unique resource will enable researchers, educators, elected officials, industrialists, financial managers, science lobbyists, and readers in general to easily navigate the complex world of science and technology (S&T) policy. As science communication and STEM policy occupy rapidly growing areas of interest and provide important career paths, this book provides invaluable insights into the public policy arena, as well as lessons for effective science advocacy. Presents compelling narratives about Climate Change, the Internet, the Human Genome, the BRAIN Initiative, the Manhattan Project, the Science Stimulus, the origin of the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation, and more. Provides insights into the future of S&T through a 225-year American policy retrospective, highlighting impacts on health and medicine, STEM education, economic growth, energy, defense, innovation, and industrial competitiveness. Illuminates the role of S&T on the global stage, from diplomatic engagement to military intervention and from scientific collaboration to technological competition.

Author : National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Technology Policy Options in a Global Economy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309046466

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Mastering a New Role by National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Technology Policy Options in a Global Economy Pdf

This book examines the changing character of commercial technology development and diffusion in an integrated global economy and its implications for U.S. public policies in support of technological innovation. The volume considers the history, current practice, and future prospects for national policies to encourage economic development through both direct and indirect government support of technological advance.

Author : Sylvia Kraemer
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813539478

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Science and Technology Policy in the United States by Sylvia Kraemer Pdf

During the latter half of the twentieth century, federal funding in the United States for scientific research and development increased dramatically. Yet despite the infusion of public funds into research centers, the relationship between public policy and research and development remains poorly understood. How does the federal government attempt to harness scientific knowledge and resources for the nation's economic welfare and competitiveness in the global marketplace? Who makes decisions about controversial scientific experiments, such as genetic engineering and space exploration? Who is held accountable when things go wrong? In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of unique and often proprietary features, which are designed to control usage. From the Constitution's patent clause to current debates over intellectual property, stem cells, and internet regulation, Kraemer shows the promise-as well as the limits-of open systems in advancing scientific progress as well as the nation's economic vitality.

Author : F. Tisdell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401169325

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Science and Technology Policy by F. Tisdell Pdf

I was asked recently to prepare an independent background report on the subject of priority assessment in science and technology policy for the Australian Science and Technology Council. The Council (while not necessarily endorsing this book) suggested that a wider audience could be interested in the type of material contained in my report and kindly gave me permission to publish the material in my own right. The present book contains this and other material, some of which was presented at a seminar on National Science Policy: Implications for Government Departments arranged by the Department of Science and the Environment. Additional ideas were developed in response to comments on the manuscript by referees, as a result of discussions with Professor John Metcalfe and Dr Peter Stubbs of Manchester University, a conversation with Dr Keith Hartley of the University of York and in the wake of a communication from Dr Ken Tucker, Assistant Director, Bureau of Industry Economics, Australia. Science and technology policy affects and concerns everyone of us if for no other reason than we cannot escape in this interdependent world from the economic, social and environmental overs pills generated by science and technology. We must face the problems and promises inherent in new and existing science and technology whether we like it or not. Not surprisingly this book finds that all industrialized countries seem to be facing similar economic and social problems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Science and state
ISBN : LCCN:97175768

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Science and Technology, Shaping the Twenty-first Century by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:253381078

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Science and Technology by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015041533038

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Science and Technology, Shaping the Twenty-first Century by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Science and Technology in Foreign Assistance
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2006-05-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309164733

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The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Science and Technology in Foreign Assistance Pdf

In October 2003 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Research Council (NRC) entered into a cooperative agreement. The agreement called for the NRC to examine selected aspects of U.S. foreign assistance activities-primarily the programs of the USAID-that have benefited or could benefit from access to strong science, technology, and medical capabilities in the United States or elsewhere. After considering the many aspects of the role of science and technology (S&T) in foreign assistance, the study led to the publication of The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development. In the book special attention is devoted to partnerships that involve the USAID together with international, regional, U.S. governmental, and private sector organizations in fields such as heath care, agriculture and nutrition, education and job creation, and energy and the environment. This book explores specific programmatic, organizational, and personnel reforms that would increase the effective use of S&T to meet the USAID's goals while supporting larger U.S. foreign policy objectives.

Author : Jon Agar
Publisher : UCL Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781787353411

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Science Policy Under Thatcher by Jon Agar Pdf

Margaret Thatcher was prime minister from 1979 to 1990, during which time her Conservative administration transformed the political landscape of Britain. Science Policy under Thatcher is the first book to examine systematically the interplay of science and government under her leadership. Thatcher was a working scientist before she became a professional politician, and she maintained a close watch on science matters as prime minister. Scientific knowledge and advice were important to many urgent issues of the 1980s, from late Cold War questions of defence to emerging environmental problems such as acid rain and climate change. Drawing on newly released primary sources, Jon Agar explores how Thatcher worked with and occasionally against the structures of scientific advice, as the scientific aspects of such issues were balanced or conflicted with other demands and values. To what extent, for example, was the freedom of the individual scientist to choose research projects balanced against the desire to secure more commercial applications? What was Thatcher’s stance towards European scientific collaboration and commitments? How did cuts in public expenditure affect the publicly funded research and teaching of universities? In weaving together numerous topics, including AIDS and bioethics, the nuclear industry and strategic defence, Agar adds to the picture we have of Thatcher and her radically Conservative agenda, and argues that the science policy devised under her leadership, not least in relation to industrial strategy, had a prolonged influence on the culture of British science.

Author : Daniele Archibugi,Andrea Filippetti
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 629 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781118739051

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The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation by Daniele Archibugi,Andrea Filippetti Pdf

The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation This unique Handbook provides an overview of the globalization of science, technology, and innovation, including global trends in the way knowledge is produced and distributed, the development of institutions, and global policy. It shows how technological change and innovation are shaped by the role of emerging countries in the generation of science and technological knowledge, and transnational corporations, and how reforms in intellectual property rights and world trade have been affected by the increasingly international flows of knowledge, technology, and innovation. The book provides an in-depth assessment of the themes and direction of science, technology, innovation, and public policy in an increasingly globalized world. With contributions from an international team of leading scholars, this cutting-edge reference work introduces readers to current debates about the role of science and technology in global society and the policy responses that shape its development. Comprising 28 specially commissioned chapters, the Handbook addresses major trends in global policy, including a significant shift toward private scientific research, the change in the distribution of science and technical knowledge, and a heightened awareness among policymakers of the economic and technological impact of scientific activity. Accessibly written, it provides an invaluable one-stop reference for students, social researchers, scientists, and policymakers alike.

Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210039697

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A Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Reviews by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Pdf

This publication provides a guide to the thinking that underpins the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (STIP) Review programme of UNCTAD within the context of sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda. It has been written primarily for Member State governments that are considering or implementing STIP reviews as well as all those involved in UNCTAD intergovernmental mechanisms including the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD). It outlines the framework, the methods and the various possible steps in the implementation process of STIP Reviews and their expected short- and medium-term outcomes.