Shaping Science

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Shaping Science

Janet Vertesi
Shaping Science Book PDF

Author : Janet Vertesi
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226691084

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Shaping Science by Janet Vertesi Pdf

In Shaping Science, Janet Vertesi draws on a decade of immersive ethnography with NASA’s robotic spacecraft teams to create a comparative account of two great space missions of the early 2000s. Although these missions featured robotic explorers on the frontiers of the solar system bravely investigating new worlds, their commands were issued from millions of miles away by a very human team. By examining the two teams’ formal structures, decision-making techniques, and informal work practices in the day-to-day process of mission planning, Vertesi shows just how deeply entangled a team’s local organizational context is with the knowledge they produce about other worlds. Using extensive, embedded experiences on two NASA spacecraft teams, this is the first book to apply organizational studies of work to the laboratory environment in order to analyze the production of scientific knowledge itself. Engaging and deeply researched, Shaping Science demonstrates the significant influence that the social organization of a scientific team can have on the practices of that team and the results they yield.

Shaping Science with Rhetoric

Leah Ceccarelli
Shaping Science with Rhetoric Book PDF

Author : Leah Ceccarelli
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226099088

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Shaping Science with Rhetoric by Leah Ceccarelli Pdf

How do scientists persuade colleagues from diverse fields to cross the disciplinary divide, risking their careers in new interdisciplinary research programs? Why do some attempts to inspire such research win widespread acclaim and support, while others do not? In Shaping Science with Rhetoric, Leah Ceccarelli addresses such questions through close readings of three scientific monographs in their historical contexts—Theodosius Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species (1937), which inspired the "modern synthesis" of evolutionary biology; Erwin Schrödinger's What Is Life? (1944), which catalyzed the field of molecular biology; and Edward O. Wilson's Consilience (1998), a so far not entirely successful attempt to unite the social and biological sciences. She examines the rhetorical strategies used in each book and evaluates which worked best, based on the reviews and scientific papers that followed in their wake. Ceccarelli's work will be important for anyone interested in how interdisciplinary fields are formed, from historians and rhetoricians of science to scientists themselves.

Shaping Humanity

John Gurche
Shaping Humanity Book PDF

Author : John Gurche
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780300182026

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Shaping Humanity by John Gurche Pdf

Describes the process by which the author uses knowledge of fossil discoveries and comparative ape and human anatomy to create forensically accurate representations of human beings' ancient ancestors.

Shaping Science with Rhetoric

Leah Ceccarelli
Shaping Science with Rhetoric Book PDF

Author : Leah Ceccarelli
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2001-07
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780226099071

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Shaping Science with Rhetoric by Leah Ceccarelli Pdf

How do scientists persuade colleagues from diverse fields to cross the disciplinary divide, risking their careers in new interdisciplinary research programs? Why do some attempts to inspire such research win widespread acclaim and support, while others do not? In Shaping Science with Rhetoric, Leah Ceccarelli addresses such questions through close readings of three scientific monographs in their historical contexts—Theodosius Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species (1937), which inspired the "modern synthesis" of evolutionary biology; Erwin Schrödinger's What Is Life? (1944), which catalyzed the field of molecular biology; and Edward O. Wilson's Consilience (1998), a so far not entirely successful attempt to unite the social and biological sciences. She examines the rhetorical strategies used in each book and evaluates which worked best, based on the reviews and scientific papers that followed in their wake. Ceccarelli's work will be important for anyone interested in how interdisciplinary fields are formed, from historians and rhetoricians of science to scientists themselves.

Shaping Science and Industry

CB Schedvin
Shaping Science and Industry Book PDF

Author : CB Schedvin
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1987-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780643102798

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Shaping Science and Industry by CB Schedvin Pdf

Shaping Science and Industry touches on Australia's intellectual, political and economic life. It provides an account of the rapid growth of CSIR (to become CSIRO) during World War II. The contributions of many outstanding personalities are described such as Sir George Julius, Sir Charles Martin, Hedley Marston, DF Martyn, AEV Richardson, Sir David Rivett, Ian Clunies Ross and FWG White.This book recounts the major effort to introduce and adapt new technologies as part of the war effort. Informative and non-technical accounts are given of some breakthroughs in agricultural research such as the eradication of prickly pear.

Shaping Human Science Disciplines

Christian Fleck,Matthias Duller,Victor Karády
Shaping Human Science Disciplines Book PDF

Author : Christian Fleck,Matthias Duller,Victor Karády
Publisher : Springer
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319927800

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Shaping Human Science Disciplines by Christian Fleck,Matthias Duller,Victor Karády Pdf

This book presents an analysis of the institutional development of selected social science and humanities (SSH) disciplines in Argentina, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Where most narratives of a scholarly past are presented as a succession of ‘ideas,’ research results and theories, this collection highlights the structural shifts in the systems of higher education, as well as institutions of research and innovation (beyond the universities) within which these disciplines have developed. This institutional perspective will facilitate systematic comparisons between developments in various disciplines and countries. Across eight country studies the book reveals remarkably different dynamics of disciplinary growth between countries, as well as important interdisciplinary differences within countries. In addition, instances of institutional contractions and downturns and veritable breaks of continuity under authoritarian political regimes can be observed, which are almost totally absent from narratives of individual disciplinary histories. This important work will provide a valuable resource to scholars of disciplinary history, the history of ideas, the sociology of education and of scientific knowledge.

Making Space for Science

Jon Agar,Crosbie Smith
Making Space for Science Book PDF

Author : Jon Agar,Crosbie Smith
Publisher : Springer
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781349263240

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Making Space for Science by Jon Agar,Crosbie Smith Pdf

In recent years there has been a growing recognition that a mature analysis of scientific and technological activity requires an understanding of its spatial contexts. Without these contexts, indeed, scientific practice as such is scarcely conceivable. Making Space for Science brings together contributors with diverse interests in the history, sociology and cultural studies of science and technology since the Renaissance. The editors aim to provide a series of studies, drawn from the history of science and engineering, from sociology and sociology and science, from literature and science, and from architecture and design history, which examine the spatial foundations of the sciences from a number of complementary perspectives.

Shaping Science and Technology Policy

David H. Guston,Daniel Sarewitz
Shaping Science and Technology Policy Book PDF

Author : David H. Guston,Daniel Sarewitz
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780299219130

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Shaping Science and Technology Policy by David H. Guston,Daniel Sarewitz Pdf

With scientific progress occurring at a breathtaking pace, science and technology policy has never been more important than it is today. Yet there is a very real lack of public discourse about policy-making, and government involvement in science remains shrouded in both mystery and misunderstanding. Who is making choices about technology policy, and who stands to win or lose from these choices? What criteria are being used to make decisions and why? Does government involvement help or hinder scientific research? Shaping Science and Technology Policy brings together an exciting and diverse group of emerging scholars, both practitioners and academic experts, to investigate current issues in science and technology policy. Essays explore such topics as globalization, the shifting boundary between public and private, informed consent in human participation in scientific research, intellectual property and university science, and the distribution of the costs and benefits of research. Contributors: Charlotte Augst, Grant Black, Mark Brown, Kevin Elliott, Patrick Feng, Pamela M. Franklin, Carolyn Gideon, Tené N. Hamilton, Brian A. Jackson, Shobita Parthasarathy, Jason W. Patton, A. Abigail Payne, Bhaven Sampat, Christian Sandvig, Sheryl Winston Smith, Michael Whong-Barr

The Science of Computing

Matti Tedre
The Science of Computing Book PDF

Author : Matti Tedre
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781482217698

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The Science of Computing by Matti Tedre Pdf

The identity of computing has been fiercely debated throughout its short history. Why is it still so hard to define computing as an academic discipline? Is computing a scientific, mathematical, or engineering discipline? By describing the mathematical, engineering, and scientific traditions of computing, The Science of Computing: Shaping a Discipline presents a rich picture of computing from the viewpoints of the field’s champions. The book helps readers understand the debates about computing as a discipline. It explains the context of computing’s central debates and portrays a broad perspective of the discipline. The book first looks at computing as a formal, theoretical discipline that is in many ways similar to mathematics, yet different in crucial ways. It traces a number of discussions about the theoretical nature of computing from the field’s intellectual origins in mathematical logic to modern views of the role of theory in computing. The book then explores the debates about computing as an engineering discipline, from the central technical innovations to the birth of the modern technical paradigm of computing to computing’s arrival as a new technical profession to software engineering gradually becoming an academic discipline. It presents arguments for and against the view of computing as engineering within the context of software production and analyzes the clash between the theoretical and practical mindsets. The book concludes with the view of computing as a science in its own right—not just as a tool for other sciences. It covers the early identity debates of computing, various views of computing as a science, and some famous characterizations of the discipline. It also addresses the experimental computer science debate, the view of computing as a natural science, and the algorithmization of sciences.

Science at the Borders

Amy L. Fairchild
Science at the Borders Book PDF

Author : Amy L. Fairchild
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003-06-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0801870801

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Science at the Borders by Amy L. Fairchild Pdf

Fairchild has unearthed a curious fact about this ubiquitous rite of immigration - it was rarely undertaken to exclude immigrants.".

Shaping Written Knowledge

Charles Bazerman
Shaping Written Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Charles Bazerman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Technical writing
ISBN : 0299116948

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Shaping Written Knowledge by Charles Bazerman Pdf

The forms taken by scientific writing help to determine the very nature of science itself. In this closely reasoned study, Charles Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists arguing for their findings. Examining such works as the early Philosophical Transactions and Newton's optical writings as well as Physical Review, Bazerman views the changing forms of scientific writing as solutions to rhetorical problems faced by scientists. The rhetoric of science is, Bazerman demonstrates, an embedded part of scientific activity that interacts with other parts of scientific activity, including social structure and empirical experience. This book presents a comprehensive historical account of the rise and development of the genre, and views these forms in relation to empirical experience.

Discourses on Society

Peter Wagner,Björn Wittrock,Richard P. Whitley
Discourses on Society Book PDF

Author : Peter Wagner,Björn Wittrock,Richard P. Whitley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780585291741

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Discourses on Society by Peter Wagner,Björn Wittrock,Richard P. Whitley Pdf

This book, which represents probably the most comprehensive discussion of the emergence of modem social science yet produced, is of far more than merely historical interest. The contributors set out to rewrite the history of the social sciences and to show the limitations of conventional conceptions of their development. These tasks they accomplish with great success and much distinction. Yet in so doing they contribute in a direct way to our understanding of the relation between social analysis and the nature of human societies today. The brilliant and distinctive perspective of the papers in this collection is to demonstrate, with many specific examples, that social science and modem institutions have helped shape each other in mutual interplay. Modem systems are in some part con stituted through the reflexive incorporation of developing social science knowledge; on the other hand, the social sciences organise themselves in terms of a continuing reflection upon the evolution of those systems. Such a perspective, as Wagner and Wittrock in particular make clear, does not in any way either impugn the status of knowledge claims made within social science or destroy the independent reality of social institutions. The book questions the notion that the institutionalising of the social sciences can be understood as a process of their increasing autonomy from extemal social connections. 'Autonomy' forms a mode of legitima tion and a basis of power rather than a distinctive phenomenon as such.

Shaping Smart for Better Cities

Alessandro Aurigi,Nancy Odendaal
Shaping Smart for Better Cities Book PDF

Author : Alessandro Aurigi,Nancy Odendaal
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780128187449

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Shaping Smart for Better Cities by Alessandro Aurigi,Nancy Odendaal Pdf

Shaping Smart for Better Cities powerfully demonstrates the range of theoretical and practical challenges, opportunities and success factors involved in successfully deploying digital technologies in cities, focusing on the importance of recognizing local context and multi-layered urban relationships in designing successful urban interventions. The first section, ‘Rethinking Smart (in) Places’ interrogates the smart city from a theoretical vantage point. The second part, ‘Shaping Smart Places’ examines various case studies critically. Hence the volume offers an intellectual resource that expands on the current literature, but also provides a pedagogical resource to universities as well as a reflective opportunity for practitioners. The cases allow for an examination of the practical implications of smart interventions in space, whilst the theoretical reflections enable expansion of the literature. Students are encouraged to learn from case studies and apply that learning in design. Academics will gain from the learning embedded in the documentation of the case studies in different geographic contexts, while practitioners can apply their learning to the conceptualisation of new forms of technology use. Demonstrates how to adapt smart urban interventions for hyper-local context in geographic parameters, spatial relationships, and socio-political characteristics Provides a problem-solving approach based on specific smart place examples, applicable to real-life urban management Offers insights from numerous case studies of smart cities interventions in real civic spaces

Language as a Scientific Tool

Miles MacLeod,Rocío G. Sumillera,Jan Surman,Ekaterina Smirnova
Language as a Scientific Tool Book PDF

Author : Miles MacLeod,Rocío G. Sumillera,Jan Surman,Ekaterina Smirnova
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317327509

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Language as a Scientific Tool by Miles MacLeod,Rocío G. Sumillera,Jan Surman,Ekaterina Smirnova Pdf

Language is the most essential medium of scientific activity. Many historians, sociologists and science studies scholars have investigated scientific language for this reason, but only few have examined those cases where language itself has become an object of scientific discussion. Over the centuries scientists have sought to control, refine and engineer language for various epistemological, communicative and nationalistic purposes. This book seeks to explore cases in the history of science in which questions or concerns with language have bubbled to the surface in scientific discourse. This opens a window into the particular ways in which scientists have conceived of and construed language as the central medium of their activity across different cultural contexts and places, and the clashes and tensions that have manifested their many attempts to engineer it to both preserve and enrich its function. The subject of language draws out many topics that have mostly been neglected in the history of science, such as the connection between the emergence of national languages and the development of science within national settings, and allows us to connect together historical episodes from many understudied cultural and linguistic venues such as Eastern European and medieval Hebrew science.

Shaping Natural History and Settler Society

Tanja Hammel
Shaping Natural History and Settler Society Book PDF

Author : Tanja Hammel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030226398

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Shaping Natural History and Settler Society by Tanja Hammel Pdf

This book explores the life and work of Mary Elizabeth Barber, a British-born settler scientist who lived in the Cape during the nineteenth century. It provides a lens into a range of subjects within the history of knowledge and science, gender and social history, postcolonial, critical heritage and archival studies. The book examines the international importance of the life and works of a marginalized scientist, the instrumentalisation of science to settlers' political concerns and reveals the pivotal but largely silenced contribution of indigenous African experts. Including a variety of material, visual and textual sources, this study explores how these artefacts are archived and displayed in museums and critically analyses their content and silences. The book traces Barber’s legacy across three continents in collections and archives, offering insights into the politics of memory and history-making. At the same time, it forges a nuanced argument, incorporating study of the North and South, the history of science and social history, and the past and the present.