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Author : Wiebe E. Bijker,John Law
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Technology
ISBN : OCLC:870549973
Author : Wiebe E. Bijker,John Law
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1994-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0262260433
Building on the influential book The Social Construction of Technological Systems, this volume carries forward the project of creating a theory of technological development and implementation that is strongly grounded in both sociology and history. Technology is everywhere, yet a theory of technology and its social dimension remains to be fully developed. Building on the influential book The Social Construction of Technological Systems, this volume carries forward the project of creating a theory of technological development and implementation that is strongly grounded in both sociology and history. The 12 essays address the central question of how technologies become stabilized, how they attain a final form and use that is generally accepted. The essays are tied together by a general introduction, part introductions, and a theoretical conclusion. The first part of the book examines and criticizes the idea that technologies have common life cycles; three case studies cover the history of a successful but never produced British jet fighter, the manipulation of patents by a French R&D company to gain a market foothold, and the managed development of high-intensity fluorescent lighting to serve the interests of electricity suppliers as well as the producing company. The second part looks at broader interactions shaping technology and its social context: the question of who was to define "steel," the determination of what constitutes radioactive waste and its proper disposal, and the social construction of motion pictures as exemplified by Thomas Edison's successful development of the medium and its commercial failure. The last part offers theoretical studies suggesting alternative approaches to sociotechnologies; two studies argue for a strong sociotechnology in which artifact and social context are viewed as a single seamless web, while the third looks at the ways in which a social program is a technology.
Author : John Grin,Armin Grunwald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642597022
One way to shape technology and its embedding in society in the 21st century is through the visions that guide their development, especially concerning the long-term societal perspective. A critical discussion and assessment of these visions is a prerequisite for influencing the course of development. Technology assessment, therefore, has to provide a methodological repertoire for assessing and constructing visions, taking into account the requirements for long-term orientation as well as the need for public legitimation. This volume draws upon insights from technology assessment, political sciences, epistemology, sociology and ethics. It is to contribute to the recent literature in on "shaping technology", taking into account the "co-evolution of technology and society". It connects to that technology assessment literature that emphasises TA's pro-active role and its contribution to political judgement.
Author : Ralf Brand
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136535857
A rare achievement, one of the first books to link technological and behavioural change to the sustainability agenda Charles Landry, author of The Creative City Any course interested in sustainable development in practice would benefit from the case studies here Dr Adrian Smith, SPRU Science and Technology Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, UK Two disjointed voices can be identified in the prevailing sustainability discourse: one technology-focused, the other favouring behavioural solutions. This new, practical text bridges the gap in a 'co-evolutionary' framework, enabling more sustainable policies and projects to be developed. Arguing that technical and social realms are much more connected than most people concerned with sustainability tend to admit, the author has developed an innovative and integrated strategy that encourages planners, architects and politicians to work with end-users in 'co-designing' technologies and infrastructures that make socially desired behaviours more attractive. Having explained the nature of the problem, the author outlines key concepts and shared characteristics of co-evolutionary projects and anticipates possible criticisms. Through detailed analysis and diverse case studies, the reader is presented with a clear picture of a more holistic approach to planning sustainable cities and regions, which will be invaluable for students and professionals alike. This will be an invaluable textbook and planning tool suitable for students of science and technology studies (STS), regional policy and planning, and practitioners including city and regional planners, policy makers and consultants.
Author : Daniel Lee Kleinman,Kelly Moore
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781136237157
Over the last decade or so, the field of science and technology studies (STS) has become an intellectually dynamic interdisciplinary arena. Concepts, methods, and theoretical perspectives are being drawn both from long-established and relatively young disciplines. From its origins in philosophical and political debates about the creation and use of scientific knowledge, STS has become a wide and deep space for the consideration of the place of science and technology in the world, past and present. The Routledge Handbook of Science, Technology and Society seeks to capture the dynamism and breadth of the field by presenting work that pushes the reader to think about science and technology and their intersections with social life in new ways. The interdisciplinary contributions by international experts in this handbook are organized around six topic areas: embodiment consuming technoscience digitization environments science as work rules and standards This volume highlights a range of theoretical and empirical approaches to some of the persistent – and new – questions in the field. It will be useful for students and scholars throughout the social sciences and humanities, including in science and technology studies, history, geography, critical race studies, sociology, communications, women’s and gender studies, anthropology, and political science.
Author : Dant, Tim
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2004-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780335208555
This book examines the relationships between society and material culture: the interaction between people and things. Tim Dant argues that the traditional approach to material culture has focused on the symbolic meanings of objects, largely overlooking the material impact that objects have on everyday life in late modernity.
Author : Oleg Kharkhordin,Risto Alapuro
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136855115
This book revisits many aspects of current social science theories, such as actor-network theory and the French school of science and technology studies, to test how the theories apply in a specific situation, in this case after 1991 in the city of Cherepovets in Russia, home of Russia’s second biggest steel producer, Severstal. Using political philosophy to analyse the down-to-earth details of the real techno-scientific problems facing the world, the book examines the role of things - and urban infrastructure in particular - in political change. It considers how the city’s infrastructure, including housing, ICT networks, the provision of public utilities of all kinds, has been transformed in recent years; examines the roles of different actors including the municipal authorities, and explores citizens’ differing and sometimes contradictory images of their city. It includes a great deal of new thinking on how communities are built, how common action is initiated to provide public goods, and how the goods themselves - physical things – are a crucial driver of community action and community building, arguably more so than more abstract social and human forces.
Author : Aphra Kerr
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-06
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 1412900476
This book explores the lifecycle of digital games. Drawing upon a broad range of media studies perspectives with aspects of sociology, social theory, and economics, Aphra Kerr explores this all-pervasive, but under-theorized, aspect of our media environment.
Author : Tatnall, Arthur
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466615601
It has been over twenty years since developments in actor-network theory were first written on paper. Since then, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) community has begun to discover the power of using actor-network theory as an explanatory framework for much of its research. This research community has come to an understanding that information systems are, of necessity, socio-technical in nature and require a socio-technical approach to their investigation. Thanks to developments in actor-network theory, researchers can now approach people and technology as one single entity that gives support to social influences on technological innovations. Social Influences on Information and Communication Technology Innovations discusses in great detail the use of actor-network theory in offering explanations for socio-technical phenomena, focusing greatly on information communication technologies. Implementation and use of information and communication technologies inevitably involves the interactions of both technology and people. This publication facilitates international growth in the body of research investigating the value of using actor-network theory as a means of understanding socio-technical phenomena and technological innovation.
Author : Enrico Attila Bruni,Laura Lucia Parolin,Cornelius Schubert
Publisher : Vernon Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781622730285
The concept of design has been defined in a multitude of ways and used in a variety of academic fields, ranging from the classics of organizational and system design to studies on corporate culture, aesthetics and consumption. However, in mainstream organization and management studies, the concept of design has been ‘black-boxed’ and easily implied as an updated (and more fashionable) version of the traditional idea of structuring organizational processes. At the same time, working and organizing seem to be embedded nowadays in increasingly complex and situated technologies and practices. If the spreading of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has changed workplaces (and even the very meaning of 'workplace' as an area marked by the physical presence of different human actors), working and organizing mobilizes the joint action of humans, technologies and knowledges. The aim of the book is thus to discuss the relations among technologies, work and organisations from multiple theoretical perspectives and to engage with questions about design as well as the sociomaterial foundations of working and organising. The book focuses on the close study of practices and processes that inextricably link work and organisation to the use of artefacts and technological systems (and vice versa), exploring by means of different cases of organizational and design research articulations and disarticulations of daily work and design; the doing of objects and technologies in everyday organizational life; the reconstruction of organizational processes through technological and design practices; the relation between learning, innovations and technologies in organizational settings. The book is addressed to graduate students, PhDs, scholars and researchers interested in the fields of Organization Studies, Science and Technology Studies, Sociology and Design, as well as to professionals and practitioners interested in new methodological approaches towards the relations between technology, work and organization.
Author : Steve Matthewman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230343955
From the everyday and unnoticed to the newsworthy and cutting edge, technology is undoubtedly a fundamental element of our daily lives. While saving us time and effort, it can also shape our environment, mediate our relationships, and simultaneously solve problems and create new ones. In studying technology we gain an insight into how society is constructed, maintained and transformed. Unravelling and explaining the complex connections between technology and the social contexts in which it is used, Technology and Social Theory guides the reader through 150 years of thinking in this ever evolving field. The chapters critically evaluate a broad range of theorists, from Marx to Foucault, Orwell to Elias, alongside empirical examples which show theory in action. The significance of technology is assessed within both public spheres and intimate spaces, shedding light on its integral role in society. Showing how theory maps the way for further research, and in turn how new advances in research can inform theory, this book is invaluable reading for students and researchers in Sociology, Social theory, Science and Technology Studies and the Media.
Author : Trevor Wood-Harper,Nimal Jayaratna,Bob Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781447136293
This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th International Conference of the BCS Specialist Group on Information Systems Methodologies. The conference brought together papers on methodology issues related to the development and management of emerging technology based information systems. As usual there was a good range of papers addressing the 'soft' and 'hard' aspects of IS development and management. Methodologies for Developing and Managing Emerging Technology-based Information Systems will be of interest to practitioners who are engaged in systems development and modifying or aligning existing methodologies to practice.
Author : Lars Heide
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780801898723
At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today’s information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards helped to process the United States census in 1890. They soon proved useful in calculating invoices and issuing pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards served ever-larger data-processing purposes. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions, Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces, and the Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort—and surveillance of minorities—more effective. Heide’s analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. This comparative study will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.
Author : Nora Savage,Michael E. Gorman,Anita Street
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814411004
Traditional Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodologies affect the public health and environmental impacts from a material, product, process or activity. The authors of this book suggest that a more holistic approach that incorporates societal and behavioral dimensions will create better results. They discuss how to develop an adaptive framework that would include a wider range of perspectives and disciplines. The book will also include discussions about "Technological Black Swans," trading zones, ethics, behavioral nanotechnology, governance, risk, green design, tools for practitioners, and conclude with a chapter presenting a "strategic outlook."
Author : Ralf Brand,Sara Fregonese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-02-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317018278
Bringing together comparative case studies from Belfast, Beirut, Amsterdam and Berlin, this book examines the role of the urban environment in social polarisation processes. In doing so, it provides a timely and refreshingly innovative voice in the confusing babble on (counter-)terrorism, urban conflict and community cohesion. Despite their socio-political differences, these cities are telling cases of how the location and shape of very mundane objects such as rubbish bins, bridges, clothes’ stores, shopping malls and cafés - in addition to the obvious fences, walls and barbed wire - are often subject to heated controversies and influence the way urban conflict is 'lived' and practised. Within a Science and Technology Studies (STS) theoretical framework, the authors provide a systematic analysis of these four cities and provide many concrete and richly illustrated examples of ’material agency’ without losing sight of their specific historical, political, geographical and social conditions. The STS angle permits some surprising, yet extremely convincing, conclusions which are of use not only for a range of practitioners but also to scholars interested in the social shaping processes and the consequences of urban artefacts. The authors argue that, although architecture and urban design is clearly not the sole cause of conflict and polarisation, neither is it completely innocent. Conversely, it cannot be the silver bullet to solve related problems and to create community cohesion. However, the materiality of our cities must not be ignored; in fact, it can and should be ’enrolled’ in our efforts. The book contains detailed descriptions of such positive cases as inspiration for practitioners as diverse as policy makers, architects, urban designers, planners, community workers, consultants or police officers.
