Simulating Social Complexity

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Simulating Social Complexity

Bruce Edmonds,Ruth Meyer
Simulating Social Complexity Book PDF

Author : Bruce Edmonds,Ruth Meyer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 838 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319669489

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Simulating Social Complexity by Bruce Edmonds,Ruth Meyer Pdf

This volume examines all aspects of using agent or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes this "social" is that it can represent an observed society. Social systems include all those systems where the components have individual agency but also interact with each other. This includes human societies and groups, but also increasingly socio-technical systems where the internet-based devices form the substrate for interaction. These systems are central to our lives, but are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible but, on the other hand, natural language approaches are also inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. This is why individual and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems. This handbook marks the maturation of this new field. It brings together summaries of the best thinking and practices in this area from leading researchers in the field and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances can be judged. This second edition adds new chapters on different modelling purposes and applying software engineering methods to simulation development. Revised existing content will keep the book up-to-date with recent developments. This volume will help those new to the field avoid "reinventing the wheel" each time, and give them a solid and wide grounding in the essential issues. It will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introduction, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?’ followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section on ‘Further Reading’. Whilst sometimes covering technical aspects, this second edition of Simulating Social Complexity is designed to be accessible to a wide range of researchers, including both those from the social sciences as well as those with a more formal background. It will be of use as a standard reference text in the field and also be suitable for graduate level courses.

Simulating Social Complexity

Anonim
Simulating Social Complexity Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Complexity (Philosophy)
ISBN : 3540939482

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Simulating Social Complexity by Anonim Pdf

Social systems are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible and natural language approaches inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. However, individual- and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems. Simulating Social Complexity examines all aspects of using agent- or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having each their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes these elements "social" is that they are usefully interpretable as interacting elements of an observed society. In this, the focus is on human society, but can be extended to include social animals or artificial agents where such work enhances our understanding of human society. The phenomena of interest then result (emerge) from the dynamics of the interaction of social actors in an essential way and are usually not easily simplifiable by, for example, considering only representative actors. The introduction of accessible agent-based modelling allows the representation of social complexity in a more natural and direct manner than previous techniques. In particular, it is no longer necessary to distort a model with the introduction of overly strong assumptions simply in order to obtain analytic tractability. This makes agent-based modelling relatively accessible to a range of scientists. The outcomes of such models can be displayed and animated in ways that also make them more interpretable by experts and stakeholders. This handbook is intended to help in the process of maturation of this new field. It brings together, through the collaborative effort of many leading researchers, summaries of the best thinking and practice in this area and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances are judged. This book will help those entering into the field to avoid "reinventing the wheel" each time, but it will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introductory, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called 'Why read this chapter?' followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section of 'Further Reading' briefly describing three to eight items that a newcomer might read next.

New Thinking in Complexity for the Social Sciences and Humanities

Ton Jörg
New Thinking in Complexity for the Social Sciences and Humanities Book PDF

Author : Ton Jörg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9400713037

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New Thinking in Complexity for the Social Sciences and Humanities by Ton Jörg Pdf

The underlying idea and motive for the book is that the notion of complexity may humanize the social sciences, may conceive the complex human being as more human, and turn reality as assumed in our doing social science into a more complex, that is a richer reality for all. The main focus of this book is on new thinking in complexity, with complexity to be taken as derived from the Latin word complexus: ‘that which is interwoven.’ The trans-disciplinary approach advocated here will be trans-disciplinary in two ways: firstly, by going beyond the separate disciplines within the fields of both natural sciences and social sciences, and, secondly, by going beyond the separate cultures of the natural sciences and of the social sciences and humanities.

Social Self-Organization

Dirk Helbing
Social Self Organization Book PDF

Author : Dirk Helbing
Publisher : Springer
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642240041

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Social Self-Organization by Dirk Helbing Pdf

What are the principles that keep our society together? This question is even more difficult to answer than the long-standing question, what are the forces that keep our world together. However, the social challenges of humanity in the 21st century ranging from the financial crises to the impacts of globalization, require us to make fast progress in our understanding of how society works, and how our future can be managed in a resilient and sustainable way. This book can present only a few very first steps towards this ambitious goal. However, based on simple models of social interactions, one can already gain some surprising insights into the social, ``macro-level'' outcomes and dynamics that is implied by individual, ``micro-level'' interactions. Depending on the nature of these interactions, they may imply the spontaneous formation of social conventions or the birth of social cooperation, but also their sudden breakdown. This can end in deadly crowd disasters or tragedies of the commons (such as financial crises or environmental destruction). Furthermore, we demonstrate that classical modeling approaches (such as representative agent models) do not provide a sufficient understanding of the self-organization in social systems resulting from individual interactions. The consideration of randomness, spatial or network interdependencies, and nonlinear feedback effects turns out to be crucial to get fundamental insights into how social patterns and dynamics emerge. Given the explanation of sometimes counter-intuitive phenomena resulting from these features and their combination, our evolutionary modeling approach appears to be powerful and insightful. The chapters of this book range from a discussion of the modeling strategy for socio-economic systems over experimental issues up the right way of doing agent-based modeling. We furthermore discuss applications ranging from pedestrian and crowd dynamics over opinion formation, coordination, and cooperation up to conflict, and also address the response to information, issues of systemic risks in society and economics, and new approaches to manage complexity in socio-economic systems. Selected parts of this book had been previously published in peer reviewed journals.

Simulation For The Social Scientist

Gilbert, Nigel,Troitzsch, Klaus
Simulation For The Social Scientist Book PDF

Author : Gilbert, Nigel,Troitzsch, Klaus
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2005-02-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780335216000

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Simulation For The Social Scientist by Gilbert, Nigel,Troitzsch, Klaus Pdf

Social sciences -- Simulation methods. Social interaction -- Computer simulation. Social sciences -- Mathematical models. (publisher)

The Complexity of Social Norms

Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds
The Complexity of Social Norms Book PDF

Author : Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds
Publisher : Springer
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319053080

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The Complexity of Social Norms by Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds Pdf

This book explores the view that normative behaviour is part of a complex of social mechanisms, processes and narratives that are constantly shifting. From this perspective, norms are not a kind of self-contained social object or fact, but rather an interplay of many things that we label as norms when we ‘take a snapshot’ of them at a particular instant. Further, this book pursues the hypothesis that considering the dynamic aspects of these phenomena sheds new light on them. The sort of issues that this perspective opens to exploration include: Of what is this complex we call a "social norm" composed of? How do new social norms emerge and what kind of circumstances might facilitate such an appearance? How context-specific are the norms and patterns of normative behaviour that arise? How do the cognitive and the social aspects of norms interact over time? How do expectations, beliefs and individual rationality interact with social norm complexes to effect behaviour? How does our social embeddedness relate to social constraint upon behaviour? How might the socio-cognitive complexes that we call norms be usefully researched?

Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeology

Iza Romanowska,Colin D. Wren,Stefani A. Crabtree
Agent Based Modeling for Archaeology Book PDF

Author : Iza Romanowska,Colin D. Wren,Stefani A. Crabtree
Publisher : SFI Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781947864382

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Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeology by Iza Romanowska,Colin D. Wren,Stefani A. Crabtree Pdf

To fully understand not only the past, but also the trajectories, of human societies, we need a more dynamic view of human social systems. Agent-based modeling (ABM), which can create fine-scale models of behavior over time and space, may reveal important, general patterns of human activity. Agent-Based Modeling for Archaeology is the first ABM textbook designed for researchers studying the human past. Appropriate for scholars from archaeology, the digital humanities, and other social sciences, this book offers novices and more experienced ABM researchers a modular approach to learning ABM and using it effectively. Readers will find the necessary background, discussion of modeling techniques and traps, references, and algorithms to use ABM in their own work. They will also find engaging examples of how other scholars have applied ABM, ranging from the study of the intercontinental migration pathways of early hominins, to the weather–crop–population cycles of the American Southwest, to the trade networks of Ancient Rome. This textbook provides the foundations needed to simulate the complexity of past human societies, offering researchers a richer understanding of the past—and likely future—of our species.

Introduction to Computational Social Science

Claudio Cioffi-Revilla
Introduction to Computational Social Science Book PDF

Author : Claudio Cioffi-Revilla
Publisher : Springer
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319501314

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Introduction to Computational Social Science by Claudio Cioffi-Revilla Pdf

This textbook provides a comprehensive and reader-friendly introduction to the field of computational social science (CSS). Presenting a unified treatment, the text examines in detail the four key methodological approaches of automated social information extraction, social network analysis, social complexity theory, and social simulation modeling. This updated new edition has been enhanced with numerous review questions and exercises to test what has been learned, deepen understanding through problem-solving, and to practice writing code to implement ideas. Topics and features: contains more than a thousand questions and exercises, together with a list of acronyms and a glossary; examines the similarities and differences between computers and social systems; presents a focus on automated information extraction; discusses the measurement, scientific laws, and generative theories of social complexity in CSS; reviews the methodology of social simulations, covering both variable- and object-oriented models.

Network-Oriented Modeling

Jan Treur
Network Oriented Modeling Book PDF

Author : Jan Treur
Publisher : Springer
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319452135

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Network-Oriented Modeling by Jan Treur Pdf

This book presents a new approach that can be applied to complex, integrated individual and social human processes. It provides an alternative means of addressing complexity, better suited for its purpose than and effectively complementing traditional strategies involving isolation and separation assumptions. Network-oriented modeling allows high-level cognitive, affective and social models in the form of (cyclic) graphs to be constructed, which can be automatically transformed into executable simulation models. The modeling format used makes it easy to take into account theories and findings about complex cognitive and social processes, which often involve dynamics based on interrelating cycles. Accordingly, it makes it possible to address complex phenomena such as the integration of emotions within cognitive processes of all kinds, of internal simulations of the mental processes of others, and of social phenomena such as shared understandings and collective actions. A variety of sample models – including those for ownership of actions, fear and dreaming, the integration of emotions in joint decision-making based on empathic understanding, and evolving social networks – illustrate the potential of the approach. Dedicated software is available to support building models in a conceptual or graphical manner, transforming them into an executable format and performing simulation experiments. The majority of the material presented has been used and positively evaluated by undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the cognitive, social and AI domains. Given its detailed coverage, the book is ideally suited as an introduction for graduate and undergraduate students in many different multidisciplinary fields involving cognitive, affective, social, biological, and neuroscience domains.

Interacting Complexities of Herds and Social Organizations

Stanislaw Raczynski
Interacting Complexities of Herds and Social Organizations Book PDF

Author : Stanislaw Raczynski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811393372

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Interacting Complexities of Herds and Social Organizations by Stanislaw Raczynski Pdf

This book presents examples of and the latest simulation studies on artificial societies and populations, highlighting innovative implementations of various models of artificial societies and populations using a new, C++-related simulation tool. It demonstrates that the prey-predator models—including spatial distribution, moving patterns, limited renewable food, fear, gregarious (herd) instinct, clustering, epidemics, and competition—are more complex than other publications have suggested, and highlights the great discrepancy between agent-based and conventional continuous models. The book also discusses the modeling and simulation of self-organization and interactions between organizations, including terror organizations, offering fascinating insights into organizational dynamics. The book provides a broad range of examples and comparisons with the classical dynamics approach, showing readers how to construct models of complex systems. It starts with descriptions of the behavior of interacting individuals and also includes important information on the macro-behavior of the whole system.

Complexity and the Human Experience

Paul A. Youngman,Mirsad Hadzikadic
Complexity and the Human Experience Book PDF

Author : Paul A. Youngman,Mirsad Hadzikadic
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789814463263

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Complexity and the Human Experience by Paul A. Youngman,Mirsad Hadzikadic Pdf

Questions of values, ontologies, ethics, aesthetics, discourse, origins, language, literature, and meaning do not lend themselves readily, or traditionally, to equations, probabilities, and models. However, with the increased adoption of natural science tools in economics, anthropology, and political science—to name only a few social scientific fields highlighted in this volume—quantitative methods in the humanities are becoming more common. The theory of complexity holds significant promise for better understanding social and human phenomena based on interactions among the participating "agents," whatever they may be: a thought, a person, a conversation, a sentence, or an email. Such systems can exhibit phase transitions, feedback loops, self-organization, and emergent properties. These dynamic systems lend themselves naturally to the kind of analysis made possible by models and simulations developed with complex science tools. This volume offers a tour of quantitative analyses, models, and simulations of humanities and social science phenomena that have been historically the purview of qualitative methods.

Simulation of Financial Markets with Agent-Based Model

Hajime Kita,Kazuhisa Taniguchi,Yoshihiro Nakajima
Simulation of Financial Markets with Agent Based Model Book PDF

Author : Hajime Kita,Kazuhisa Taniguchi,Yoshihiro Nakajima
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 4431550569

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Simulation of Financial Markets with Agent-Based Model by Hajime Kita,Kazuhisa Taniguchi,Yoshihiro Nakajima Pdf

This book takes up unique agent-based approaches to solving problems related to stock and their derivative markets. Toward this end, the authors have worked for more than 15 years on the development of an artificial market simulator called U-Mart for use as a research and educational tool. A noteworthy feature of the U-Mart simulator compared to other artificial market simulators is that U-Mart is an ultra-realistic artificial stock and their derivative market simulator. For example, it can simulate “arrowhead,” a next-generation trading system used in the Tokyo Stock Exchange and other major markets, as it takes into consideration the institutional design of the entire market. Another interesting feature of the U-Mart simulator is that it permits both human and computer programs to participate simultaneously as traders in the artificial market. In this book, first the details of U-Mart are explained, enabling readers to install and run the simulator on their computers for research and educational purposes. The simulator thus can be used for gaming simulation of the artificial market and even for users as agents to implement their own trading strategies for agent-based simulation (ABS).The book also presents selected research cases using the U-Mart simulator. Here, topics include automated acquisition of trading strategy using artificial intelligence techniques, evaluation of a market maker system to treat thin markets such as those for small and regional businesses, systemic risk analysis of the financial market considering institutional design of the market, and analysis of how humans behave and learn in gaming simulation. New perspectives on artificial market research are provided, and the power, potential, and challenge of ABS are discussed. As explained in this important work, ABS is considered to be an effective tool as the third approach of social science, an alternative to traditional literary and mathematical approaches.

Joining Complexity Science and Social Simulation for Innovation Policy

Petra Ahrweiler,Nigel Gilbert,Andreas Pyka
Joining Complexity Science and Social Simulation for Innovation Policy Book PDF

Author : Petra Ahrweiler,Nigel Gilbert,Andreas Pyka
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781443892391

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Joining Complexity Science and Social Simulation for Innovation Policy by Petra Ahrweiler,Nigel Gilbert,Andreas Pyka Pdf

This book explores how complexity science and social simulation can be used to improve and inform policy-making in both research and innovation. Beginning with an introduction to conceptual definitions of complexity science and social simulation, the book demonstrates the validity of the underlying integrated research framework used throughout. It is then divided into two parts, with the first investigating the effects and impacts of policy making on the structure, composition and outputs of research and innovation networks using the agent-based SKIN platform (Simulating Knowledge Dynamics in Innovation Networks, http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SKIN/). The second half of the book discusses a research initiative funded by the Irish government focusing on innovation policy simulation for economic recovery. This consists of empirical research on Irish research and innovation networks, and SKIN-based simulations of technology transfer issues and the commercialization of research in areas with high potential for innovation and economic growth. The book concludes with reflections on the maturity and utility of an approach combining complexity science and social simulation for research and innovation policy. Joining Complexity Science and Social Simulation for Innovation Policy will be of particular interest to scientists concerned with innovation and complex systems, including economists, sociologists, and complexity researchers, as well as students and practitioners, such as innovation policymakers and innovation business managers.

Social-Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems

Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz
Social Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems Book PDF

Author : Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119484981

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Social-Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems by Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz Pdf

This volume describes frontiers in social-behavioral modeling for contexts as diverse as national security, health, and on-line social gaming. Recent scientific and technological advances have created exciting opportunities for such improvements. However, the book also identifies crucial scientific, ethical, and cultural challenges to be met if social-behavioral modeling is to achieve its potential. Doing so will require new methods, data sources, and technology. The volume discusses these, including those needed to achieve and maintain high standards of ethics and privacy. The result should be a new generation of modeling that will advance science and, separately, aid decision-making on major social and security-related subjects despite the myriad uncertainties and complexities of social phenomena. Intended to be relatively comprehensive in scope, the volume balances theory-driven, data-driven, and hybrid approaches. The latter may be rapidly iterative, as when artificial-intelligence methods are coupled with theory-driven insights to build models that are sound, comprehensible and usable in new situations. With the intent of being a milestone document that sketches a research agenda for the next decade, the volume draws on the wisdom, ideas and suggestions of many noted researchers who draw in turn from anthropology, communications, complexity science, computer science, defense planning, economics, engineering, health systems, medicine, neuroscience, physics, political science, psychology, public policy and sociology. In brief, the volume discusses: Cutting-edge challenges and opportunities in modeling for social and behavioral science Special requirements for achieving high standards of privacy and ethics New approaches for developing theory while exploiting both empirical and computational data Issues of reproducibility, communication, explanation, and validation Special requirements for models intended to inform decision making about complex social systems

Simulation of Complex Systems

Aykut Argun,Agnese Callegari,Giovanni Volpe (Physicist)
Simulation of Complex Systems Book PDF

Author : Aykut Argun,Agnese Callegari,Giovanni Volpe (Physicist)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Biocomplexity
ISBN : 0750338431

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Simulation of Complex Systems by Aykut Argun,Agnese Callegari,Giovanni Volpe (Physicist) Pdf

This book deals with the most fundamental and essential techniques to simulate complex systems, from the dynamics of molecules to the spreading of diseases, from optimization using ant colonies to the simulation of the Game of Life.