Social Expectations

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Social Expectations

Ambrose Humphrey
Social Expectations Book PDF

Author : Ambrose Humphrey
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798694637473

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Social Expectations by Ambrose Humphrey Pdf

A young man without meaning in life decides to take his life. Before he commits the act, an opportunity surfaces that delays his fate. Struggling with the disillusionment of reality, Harlan expects to discover something through a charismatic communist sympathizer convinced, by Harlan, to run for public office. As the years go by, they form a formidable alliance and allow nothing, including ethics, to stand in their way to acquire power. The power hierarchy is profound, with many interlacing strata the two men need to ascend, all to ameliorate the oppressed with a cooperative association of Peoplekin. Their Machiavellian tactics provide a semblance of hope to the American people who are more than willing to give up their freedoms for a simple life. A traumatic event emancipates one of the men from their austere disposition, which compels forgiveness and the restoration of individual sovereignty.

The Expectations of Morality

Gregory Mellema
The Expectations of Morality Book PDF

Author : Gregory Mellema
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 9042017422

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The Expectations of Morality by Gregory Mellema Pdf

Moral expectation is a concept with which all of us are well acquainted. Already as children we learn that certain courses of action are expected of us. We are expected to perform certain actions, and we are expected to refrain from other actions. Furthermore, we learn that something is morally wrong with the failure to do what we are morally expected to do. A central theme of this book is that moral expectation should not be confused with moral obligation. While we are morally expected to do everything we are obligated to do, a person can be morally expected to do some things that he or she is not morally obligated to do. Although moral expectation is a familiar notion, it has not been the object of investigation in its own right. In the early chapters Mellema attempts to provide a philosophical account of this familiar notion, distinguish it from other types of expectations, and show how it is possible to form false moral expectations. Subsequent chapters explore the role of moral expectation in agreements between people, analyze ways that people avoid moral expectation, illustrate how groups can have moral expectations, and view moral expectation in the context of our relationship with divine beings. The final chapter provides insight into how moral expectation operates in people's professional lives.

Leadership Expectations

Gene Early
Leadership Expectations Book PDF

Author : Gene Early
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008-09-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781597528221

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Leadership Expectations by Gene Early Pdf

Leadership Expectations is an in-depth study of expectations and how one leader creates and uses them to shape a university, its culture, and its success. This research operates on the underlying assumption that the organization is an expression of the leader and the people he or she attracts. As the personal, interpersonal, and organizational agendas a leader carries in their mind and enacts in their behavior are understood, the organization can be understood. Concurrently, at least one major means of organizational transformation emerges, executive development. The result: their personal development (and/or lack of it) drives organizational performance. The cost: their self-sacrifices energize the values they most deeply hold for themselves, others, and the university they lead. The reward: truth revealed, about themselves, others, and their organization; lives touched and transformed, including their own; and organizational capacity for good increased.

Psychological Responses to Violations of Expectations: Perspectives and Answers from Diverse Fields of Psychology

Mario Gollwitzer,Anna Thorwart,Karin Meissner
Psychological Responses to Violations of Expectations Perspectives and Answers from Diverse Fields of Psychology Book PDF

Author : Mario Gollwitzer,Anna Thorwart,Karin Meissner
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889454457

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Psychological Responses to Violations of Expectations: Perspectives and Answers from Diverse Fields of Psychology by Mario Gollwitzer,Anna Thorwart,Karin Meissner Pdf

From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive brain" concept in current perception theories: expectations have been a central construct in different areas of psychological research. In each of these areas, specific concepts, theoretical approaches, and empirical methods have been developed to explain when and why expectations persist and when they do not. Many theories assume that expectations are likely to change in the face of disconfirming evidence. However, sometimes expectations persist even though they are empirically violated, suggesting that they can be “sticky” under certain circumstances. But what are these circumstances? And what are the psychological mechanisms that can explain why and when expectations persist or change after being confronted with expectation-violating evidence? Each contribution of the current book offers insights into individuals’ reactions to violations of expectations. They show that many pieces of the puzzle have been collected in the many sub-displiclines of psychology and that putting them together in an integrative fashion stays a fascinating enterprise.

Managing Welfare Expectations and Social Change

Ka Ho Mok,Stefan Kühner
Managing Welfare Expectations and Social Change Book PDF

Author : Ka Ho Mok,Stefan Kühner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351347846

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Managing Welfare Expectations and Social Change by Ka Ho Mok,Stefan Kühner Pdf

Much has been written about the challenges Asian governments face in response to rapid socio-economic changes and the resulting social needs and welfare expectations. Indeed, heated debates have emerged when scholars in social development, social welfare and social policy conducted more systematic comparative research related to the diverse policy measures adopted by Asian governments: which welfare models or typologies best describe Asian cases after the 2008 global financial crisis?; how can contemporary social policy transformations in Asia be appropriately conceptualized?; are particular ‘best practice’ examples evolving in Asia and if so, can they be successfully transferred to enhance social welfare governance among Asian economies? This book combines contributions that address Asian government responses in the light of the above questions. In doing so, it revisits the broad theoretical literature on "policy transfer" and provides empirical examples to explore the spread of ideas, social policies and programmes across Asia from varying analytical and methodological perspectives. The chapters originally published as a special issue in the Journal of Asian Public Policy.

To the Best of Our Knowledge

Sanford Goldberg
To the Best of Our Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Sanford Goldberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198793670

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To the Best of Our Knowledge by Sanford Goldberg Pdf

Sanford C. Goldberg argues in this volume that epistemic normativity - the sort of normativity implicated in assessments of whether a belief amounts to knowledge - is grounded in the things we properly expect of one another as epistemic subjects. In developing this claim Goldberg argues that epistemic norms and standards themselves are generated by the expectations that arise out of our profound and ineliminable dependence on one another for what we know of the world. The expectations in question are those through which we hold each other accountable to standards of both (epistemic) reliability and (epistemic) responsibility. In arguing for this Goldberg aims to honor the insights of both internalist and externalist approaches to epistemic justification. The resulting theory has far-reaching implications not only for the theory of epistemic normativity, but also for the nature of epistemic assessment itself, as well as for our understanding of epistemic defeat, epistemic justification, epistemic responsibility, and the various social dimensions of knowledge.

Digital Expectations and Experiences in Education

Eyvind Elstad
Digital Expectations and Experiences in Education Book PDF

Author : Eyvind Elstad
Publisher : Springer
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-18
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789463006484

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Digital Expectations and Experiences in Education by Eyvind Elstad Pdf

Introduction; Part I. Educational Technology Beyond Learning; Educational Technology – Expectations and Experiences: An Introductory Overview; ICT and Education Beyond Learning: A Framework for Analysis, Development and Critique; Part II. Educational Technology in Schools; Educational Technology in Schools: Policymaking and Policy Enactment; What Explains Pupils’ Perceived Motivational Conflict between Academic Work and Off-Task Behaviour in Technology-Rich Classrooms?; Why Is There a Wedge between the Promise of Educational Technology and the Experiences in a Technology-Rich Pioneer School?; On the Life of ICT and School Leadership in a Large-Scale Reform Movement: A Case Study; A Small Step Strategy to Boost Integration of Digital Technology in Learning and Teaching at an Upper-Secondary School; Part III. Social Networking Sites, Social Media, and Internet: Challenging Issues for Schools; Social Networking Sites, Social Media, and Internet: Challenging Issues for Schools; The Social Media Natives: The Relationship between Young Peoples’ Media User Type and Their Media Use at School; Cyber Harassment and Quality of Life; The Impact of Cyberbullying and Cyber Harassment on Academic Achievement; Ninth Graders’ Use of and Trust in Wikipedia, Textbooks, and Digital Resources from Textbook Publishers; Examining Gender Differences in ICT Literacy, Interest, and Use: Norwegian Results from the ICILS 2013; Part IV. Coda; Backwards and Forwards: Reflections on Teaching in a Digital Age.

Expectations

Arie Arnon,Warren Young,Karine van der Beek
Expectations Book PDF

Author : Arie Arnon,Warren Young,Karine van der Beek
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030413576

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Expectations by Arie Arnon,Warren Young,Karine van der Beek Pdf

This book provides a unique historical perspective on expectations in economic theory, and applications of expectations models in economic history. Based on papers presented at the 2017 Thomas Guggenheim Conference, it brings together the work of economists, historians of economics, and economic historians on issues and events concerning expectations in economics and economic history. The contributions address: (i) the history of expectations models; (ii) growth, expectations and political economy; (iii) controversies regarding expectations methods and models; (iv) expectations in theory and reality; and (v) expectations in economic history. The book opens with a lecture by Thomas Guggenheim Prize winner Duncan Foley on the evolution of expectations in modern economic thought. The remaining content is divided into two parts, the first of which focuses on the utilization of expectations in the “ancient” and “meso” periods of high theory, i.e., from Smithian to Keynesian approaches. The papers cover topics such as “modern” applications of expectations in both “Tobinesque-Phillips” and “Harrodian-Solowian” contexts, and the debate between Friedmanite and Keynesian approaches to expectation formation. In turn, the last part presents essays on the role of economic expectations in connection with historical events and contexts, ranging from the early 20th century to World War II, and on the application of expectations theory to hyperinflation and stabilization, taking Israel as a case study.

Expectations and Actions

Norman T. Feather
Expectations and Actions Book PDF

Author : Norman T. Feather
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000363715

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Expectations and Actions by Norman T. Feather Pdf

Originally published in 1982, this book examines the current status of expectancy-value models in psychology. The focus is upon cognitive models that relate action to the perceived attractiveness or aversiveness of expected consequences. A person’s behavior is seen to bear some relation to the expectations the person holds and the subjective value of the consequences that might occur following the action. Despite widespread interest in the expectancy-value (valence) approach at the time, there was no book that looked at its current status and discussed its strengths and its weaknesses, using contributions from some of the theorists who were involved in its original and subsequent development and from others who were influenced by it or had cause to examine the approach closely. This book was planned to meet this need. The chapters in this book relate to such areas as achievement motivation, attribution theory, information feedback, organizational psychology, the psychology of values and attitudes, and decision theory and in some cases they advance the expectancy-value approach further and, in other cases, point to some of its deficiencies.

Interpersonal Expectations

Peter David Blanck
Interpersonal Expectations Book PDF

Author : Peter David Blanck
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1993-09-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521428327

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Interpersonal Expectations by Peter David Blanck Pdf

This 1993 volume explores a sub-area of social psychology - called interpersonal expectation - that studies how the expectation of one person affects the behavior of another.

The Complexity of Social Norms

Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds
The Complexity of Social Norms Book PDF

Author : Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds
Publisher : Springer
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319053080

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The Complexity of Social Norms by Maria Xenitidou,Bruce Edmonds Pdf

This book explores the view that normative behaviour is part of a complex of social mechanisms, processes and narratives that are constantly shifting. From this perspective, norms are not a kind of self-contained social object or fact, but rather an interplay of many things that we label as norms when we ‘take a snapshot’ of them at a particular instant. Further, this book pursues the hypothesis that considering the dynamic aspects of these phenomena sheds new light on them. The sort of issues that this perspective opens to exploration include: Of what is this complex we call a "social norm" composed of? How do new social norms emerge and what kind of circumstances might facilitate such an appearance? How context-specific are the norms and patterns of normative behaviour that arise? How do the cognitive and the social aspects of norms interact over time? How do expectations, beliefs and individual rationality interact with social norm complexes to effect behaviour? How does our social embeddedness relate to social constraint upon behaviour? How might the socio-cognitive complexes that we call norms be usefully researched?

Disability and Social Media

Katie Ellis,Mike Kent
Disability and Social Media Book PDF

Author : Katie Ellis,Mike Kent
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317150275

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Disability and Social Media by Katie Ellis,Mike Kent Pdf

Social media is popularly seen as an important media for people with disability in terms of communication, exchange and activism. These sites potentially increase both employment and leisure opportunities for one of the most traditionally isolated groups in society. However, the offline inaccessible environment has, to a certain degree, been replicated online and particularly in social networking sites. Social media is becoming an increasingly important part of our lives yet the impact on people with disabilities has gone largely unscrutinised. Similarly, while social media and disability are often both observed through a focus on the Western, developed and English-speaking world, different global perspectives are often overlooked. This collection explores the opportunities and challenges social media represents for the social inclusion of people with disabilities from a variety of different global perspectives that include Africa, Arabia and Asia along with European, American and Australasian perspectives and experiences.

Programming Multi-Agents Systems

Louise Dennis,Olivier Boissier,Rafael H. Bordini
Programming Multi Agents Systems Book PDF

Author : Louise Dennis,Olivier Boissier,Rafael H. Bordini
Publisher : Springer
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-07-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642319150

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Programming Multi-Agents Systems by Louise Dennis,Olivier Boissier,Rafael H. Bordini Pdf

Fast-track conference proceedings State-of-the-art research Up-to-date results

Charles Dickens's Great Expectations

Mary Hammond
Charles Dickens s Great Expectations Book PDF

Author : Mary Hammond
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781317168249

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Charles Dickens's Great Expectations by Mary Hammond Pdf

Great Expectations has had a long, active and sometimes surprising life since its first serialized appearance in All the Year Round between 1 December 1860 and 3 August 1861. In this new publishing and reception history, Mary Hammond demonstrates that while Dickens’s thirteenth novel can tell us a great deal about the dynamic mid-Victorian moment into which it was born, its afterlife beyond the nineteenth-century Anglophone world reveals the full extent of its versatility. Re-assessing generations of Dickens scholarship and using newly discovered archival material, Hammond covers the formative history of Great Expectations' early years, analyses the extent and significance of its global reach, and explores the ways in which it has functioned as literature and stage, TV, film and radio drama from its first appearance to the latest film version of 2012. Appendices include contemporary reviews and comprehensive bibliographies of adaptations and translations. The book is a rich resource for scholars and students of Dickens; of comparative literature; and of publishing, readership, and media history.

A Theory of Legitimate Expectations for Public Administration

Alexander Brown
A Theory of Legitimate Expectations for Public Administration Book PDF

Author : Alexander Brown
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192545565

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A Theory of Legitimate Expectations for Public Administration by Alexander Brown Pdf

It is an unfortunate but unavoidable feature of even well-ordered democratic societies that governmental administrative agencies often create legitimate expectations (procedural or substantive) on the part of non-governmental agents (individual citizens, groups, businesses, organizations, institutions, and instrumentalities) but find themselves unable to fulfil those expectations for reasons of justice, the public interest, severe financial constraints, and sometimes harsh political realities. How governmental administrative agencies, operating on behalf of society, handle the creation and frustration of legitimate expectations implicates a whole host of values that we have reason to care about, including under non-ideal conditions-not least justice, fairness, autonomy, the rule of law, responsible uses of power, credible commitments, reliance interests, security of expectations, stability, democracy, parliamentary supremacy, and legitimate authority. This book develops a new theory of legitimate expectations for public administration drawing on normative arguments from political and legal theory. Brown begins by offering a new account of the legitimacy of legitimate expectations. He argues that it is the very responsibility of governmental administrative agencies for creating expectations that ought to ground legitimacy, as opposed to the justice or the legitimate authority of those agencies and expectations. He also clarifies some of the main ways in which agencies can be responsible for creating expectations. Moreover, he argues that governmental administrative agencies should be held liable for losses they directly cause by creating and then frustrating legitimate expectations on the part of non-governmental agents and, if liable, have an obligation to make adequate compensation payments in respect of those losses.