Socio Economic Mobility And Low Status Minorities

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Socio-economic Mobility and Low-status Minorities

Jacob Meerman
Socio economic Mobility and Low status Minorities Book PDF

Author : Jacob Meerman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2009-06-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135972806

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Socio-economic Mobility and Low-status Minorities by Jacob Meerman Pdf

This book concentrates on ethnic minorities such as former slaves, outcastes and indigenous peoples dispossessed of homeland. These groups are universally without power, usually undereducated, and always victims of their fellow citizens. The book asks why these socially excluded groups remain at the bottom of their social hierarchies as the poorest of the poor, even in nations long committed to equal opportunity. Their slow progress has four causes: obviously discrimination and poor education, but also low economic growth and cultural heritage. Low growth limits revenues for schools as well as new job opportunities, and perpetuates traditional exploitative social relations and customs. Traumatic histories of enslavement or conquest may induce behaviours by victims that reduce upward mobility. Together these four interacting variables suggest a "mobility model" that explains the impasse. The book develops and applies this model to interpret and compare the mobility history of five stigmatized, low-status ethnic groups: U.S. African Americans, Japan’s Burakumin, Afro-Cubans, India’s Dalits (Untouchables) and Bolivia’s Highland Indians. The book also compares actions by governments and the groups themselves to overcome barriers to progress, including job quotas, boycotts, mass protests, and the unique kangaroo courts of Japan’s Burakumim. Meerman’s unusual cross-disciplinary approach and fascinating comparative studies of success and failure will appeal to scholars, development practitioners, and advocates working on issues of discrimination, poverty, equity and inequality in an ethnic context.

Communities in Action

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Communities in Action Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309452960

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Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf

In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Socio-economic Mobility and Low-status Minorities

Jacob Meerman
Socio economic Mobility and Low status Minorities Book PDF

Author : Jacob Meerman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2009-06-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135972813

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Socio-economic Mobility and Low-status Minorities by Jacob Meerman Pdf

The book concentrates on socially excluded minorities looking at why such groups remain among "the poorest of the poor" and focusing on US African Americans, Japan’s Burakumin, Afro-Cubans, the Dalits of India, and the Quechua and Aymara of Bolivia.

Social Mobility of Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands

Artwell Cain
Social Mobility of Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands Book PDF

Author : Artwell Cain
Publisher : Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Minorities
ISBN : 9789059722231

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Social Mobility of Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands by Artwell Cain Pdf

Artwell Cain analyses the factors that have been conducive to the upward mobility of ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. Because this topic has not been studied, Cain's research has great relevance for both policy makers and social scientists. Moreover, the study adopts a distinctive perspective by focussing on the factors that have generated the professional success of ethnic minorities. Cain's study scrutinises the theoretical debate on class and ethnicity and its relevance for processes of upward social mobility. At the same time it is grounded in empirical research, taking class analysis as its theoretical point of departure and investigating what the influence of factors as higher educational level, talent, attitude and hard work in addition to other factors such as social class, ethnicity, gender and racial discrimination were part of the upward mobility processes of ethnic minorities. Cain also looks at the role of diversity policy in the organisations in which the respondents are employed and inquires whether this policy affected their chances for upward mobility. Among the features taken into consideration are the distance travelled between the respondents' social class origins and their present social position; their ethnic identification which colours their social networks and subsequently the effectiveness of these networks and their unique perspective on exclusionary factors in organisations.

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life
Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2004-10-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309092111

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Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life Pdf

In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1997-09-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309175562

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Health of Older Americans by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population Pdf

Older Americans, even the oldest, can now expect to live years longer than those who reached the same ages even a few decades ago. Although survival has improved for all racial and ethnic groups, strong differences persist, both in life expectancy and in the causes of disability and death at older ages. This book examines trends in mortality rates and selected causes of disability (cardiovascular disease, dementia) for older people of different racial and ethnic groups. The determinants of these trends and differences are also investigated, including differences in access to health care and experiences in early life, diet, health behaviors, genetic background, social class, wealth and income. Groups often neglected in analyses of national data, such as the elderly Hispanic and Asian Americans of different origin and immigrant generations, are compared. The volume provides understanding of research bearing on the health status and survival of the fastest-growing segment of the American population.

A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility

OECD
A Broken Social Elevator How to Promote Social Mobility Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264301085

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A Broken Social Elevator? How to Promote Social Mobility by OECD Pdf

This report provides new evidence on social mobility in the context of increased inequalities of income and opportunities in OECD and selected emerging economies. It covers the aspects of both, social mobility between parents and children and of personal income mobility over the life course, ...

Social Mobility in Developing Countries

Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen
Social Mobility in Developing Countries Book PDF

Author : Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780192650733

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Social Mobility in Developing Countries by Vegard Iversen,Anirudh Krishna,Kunal Sen Pdf

Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility—especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines—typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?

Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy

Glenn C. Loury,Tariq Modood,Steven Michael Teles
Ethnicity Social Mobility and Public Policy Book PDF

Author : Glenn C. Loury,Tariq Modood,Steven Michael Teles
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Minorities
ISBN : 0511115431

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Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy by Glenn C. Loury,Tariq Modood,Steven Michael Teles Pdf

The causes and consequences of social mobility are a central area of study within social sciences, and the differing levels of economic development between ethnic groups is an issue of concern for policy-makers. This book provides a comparative analysis of these and related issues within the US and the UK.

Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities

Tiit Tammaru,Maarten van Ham,Szymon Marcińczak,Sako Musterd
Socio Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities Book PDF

Author : Tiit Tammaru,Maarten van Ham,Szymon Marcińczak,Sako Musterd
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317637486

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Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities by Tiit Tammaru,Maarten van Ham,Szymon Marcińczak,Sako Musterd Pdf

Growing inequalities in Europe are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competiveness of European cities. While the levels of socio-economic segregation in European cities are still modest compared to some parts of the world, the poor are increasingly concentrating spatially within capital cities across Europe. An overlooked area of research, this book offers a systematic and representative account of the spatial dimension of rising inequalities in Europe. This book provides rigorous comparative evidence on socio-economic segregation from 13 European cities. Cities include Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Milan, Madrid, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. Comparing 2001 and 2011, this multi-factor approach links segregation to four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regimes and housing systems. Hypothetical segregation levels derived from those factors are compared to actual segregation levels in all cities. Each chapter provides an in-depth and context sensitive discussion of the unique features shaping inequalities and segregation in the case study cities. The main conclusion of the book is that the spatial gap between the poor and the rich is widening in capital cities across Europe, which threatens to harm the social stability of European cities. This book will be a key reference on increasing segregation and will provide valuable insights to students, researchers and policy makers who are interested in the spatial dimension of social inequality in European cities. A PDF version of the introduction and conclusion are available Open Access at www.tandfebooks.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.

Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting

Timothy Smeeding,Robert Erikson,Markus Jäntti
Persistence Privilege and Parenting Book PDF

Author : Timothy Smeeding,Robert Erikson,Markus Jäntti
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610447546

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Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting by Timothy Smeeding,Robert Erikson,Markus Jäntti Pdf

Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.

Social Epidemiology

Lisa F. Berkman,Ichiro Kawachi
Social Epidemiology Book PDF

Author : Lisa F. Berkman,Ichiro Kawachi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2000-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195083318

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Social Epidemiology by Lisa F. Berkman,Ichiro Kawachi Pdf

This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.

Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality

David Card,Steven Raphael
Immigration Poverty and Socioeconomic Inequality Book PDF

Author : David Card,Steven Raphael
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781610448048

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Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality by David Card,Steven Raphael Pdf

The rapid rise in the proportion of foreign-born residents in the United States since the mid-1960s is one of the most important demographic events of the past fifty years. The increase in immigration, especially among the less-skilled and less-educated, has prompted fears that the newcomers may have depressed the wages and employment of the native-born, burdened state and local budgets, and slowed the U.S. economy as a whole. Would the poverty rate be lower in the absence of immigration? How does the undocumented status of an increasing segment of the foreign-born population impact wages in the United States? In Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality, noted labor economists David Card and Steven Raphael and an interdisciplinary team of scholars provide a comprehensive assessment of the costs and benefits of the latest era of immigration to the United States Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality rigorously explores shifts in population trends, labor market competition, and socioeconomic segregation to investigate how the recent rise in immigration affects economic disadvantage in the United States. Giovanni Peri analyzes the changing skill composition of immigrants to the United States over the past two decades to assess their impact on the labor market outcomes of native-born workers. Despite concerns over labor market competition, he shows that the overall effect has been benign for most native groups. Moreover, immigration appears to have had negligible impacts on native poverty rates. Ethan Lewis examines whether differences in English proficiency explain this lack of competition between immigrant and native-born workers. He finds that parallel Spanish-speaking labor markets emerge in areas where Spanish speakers are sufficiently numerous, thereby limiting the impact of immigration on the wages of native-born residents. While the increase in the number of immigrants may not necessarily hurt the job prospects of native-born workers, low-skilled migration appears to suppress the wages of immigrants themselves. Michael Stoll shows that linguistic isolation and residential crowding in specific metropolitan areas has contributed to high poverty rates among immigrants. Have these economic disadvantages among low-skilled immigrants increased their dependence on the U.S. social safety net? Marianne Bitler and Hilary Hoynes analyze the consequences of welfare reform, which limited eligibility for major cash assistance programs. Their analysis documents sizable declines in program participation for foreign-born families since the 1990s and suggests that the safety net has become less effective in lowering child poverty among immigrant households. As the debate over immigration reform reemerges on the national agenda, Immigration, Poverty, and Socioeconomic Inequality provides a timely and authoritative review of the immigrant experience in the United States. With its wealth of data and intriguing hypotheses, the volume is an essential addition to the field of immigration studies. A Volume in the National Poverty Center Series on Poverty and Public Policy

The Son Also Rises

Gregory Clark
The Son Also Rises Book PDF

Author : Gregory Clark
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691168371

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The Son Also Rises by Gregory Clark Pdf

"How much of our fate is tied to the status of our parents and grandparents? How much does this influence our children? More than we wish to believe! While it has been argued that rigid class structures have eroded in favor of greater social equality, The Son Also Rises proves that movement on the social ladder has changed little over eight centuries. Using a novel technique -- tracking family names over generations to measure social mobility across countries and periods -- renowned economic historian Gregory Clark reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, do not vary across societies, and are resistant to social policies. The good news is that these patterns are driven by strong inheritance of abilities and lineage does not beget unwarranted advantage. The bad news is that much of our fate is predictable from lineage. Clark argues that since a greater part of our place in the world is predetermined, we must avoid creating winner-take-all societies."--Jacket.

The Promise of Adolescence

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications
The Promise of Adolescence Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309490115

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The Promise of Adolescence by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications Pdf

Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.