Sodium Intake In Populations

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309282987

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Sodium Intake in Populations by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations Pdf

Despite efforts over the past several decades to reduce sodium intake in the United States, adults still consume an average of 3,400 mg of sodium every day. A number of scientific bodies and professional health organizations, including the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association, support reducing dietary sodium intake. These organizations support a common goal to reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 years of age and older and those of any age who are African-American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. A substantial body of evidence supports these efforts to reduce sodium intake. This evidence links excessive dietary sodium to high blood pressure, a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cardiac-related mortality. However, concerns have been raised that a low sodium intake may adversely affect certain risk factors, including blood lipids and insulin resistance, and thus potentially increase risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, several recent reports have challenged sodium reduction in the population as a strategy to reduce this risk. Sodium Intake in Populations recognizes the limitations of the available evidence, and explains that there is no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most direct health outcomes other than some CVD outcomes (including stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggested that decreasing sodium intake could possibly reduce the risk of gastric cancer. However, the evidence was too limited to conclude the converse-that higher sodium intake could possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Interpreting these findings was particularly challenging because most studies were conducted outside the United States in populations consuming much higher levels of sodium than those consumed in this country. Sodium Intake in Populations is a summary of the findings and conclusions on evidence for associations between sodium intake and risk of CVD-related events and mortality.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:971068833

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Sodium Intake in Populations by Anonim Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 507 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309155885

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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake Pdf

Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 595 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309488341

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium Pdf

As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications.

Author : Dr. James DiNicolantonio
Publisher : Harmony
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-06
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780451496973

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The Salt Fix by Dr. James DiNicolantonio Pdf

What if everything you know about salt is wrong? A leading cardiovascular research scientist explains how this vital crystal got a negative reputation, and shows how to lower blood pressure and experience weight loss using salt. The Salt Fix is essential reading for everyone on the keto diet! We’ve all heard the recommendation: eat no more than a teaspoon of salt a day for a healthy heart. Health-conscious Americans have hewn to the conventional wisdom that your salt shaker can put you on the fast track to a heart attack, and have suffered through bland but “heart-healthy” dinners as a result. What if the low-salt dogma is wrong? Dr. James DiNicolantonio has reviewed more than five hundred publications to unravel the impact of salt on blood pressure and heart disease. He’s reached a startling conclusion: The vast majority of us don’t need to watch our salt intake. In fact, for most of us, more salt would be advantageous to our nutrition—especially for those of us on the keto diet, as keto depletes this important mineral from our bodies. The Salt Fix tells the remarkable story of how salt became unfairly demonized—a never-before-told drama of competing egos and interests—and took the fall for another white crystal: sugar. According to The Salt Fix, too little salt can: • Make you crave sugar and refined carbs • Send the body into semistarvation mode • Lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and increased blood pressure and heart rate But eating the salt you desire can improve everything, from your sleep, energy, and mental focus to your fitness, fertility, and sexual performance. It can even stave off common chronic illnesses, including heart disease. The Salt Fix shows the best ways to add salt back into your diet, offering his transformative five-step program for recalibrating your salt thermostat to achieve your unique, ideal salt intake. Science has moved on from the low-salt dogma, and so should you—your life may depend on it.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309091589

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water Pdf

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309148054

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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States by Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake Pdf

Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the U.S. Population
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309148092

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A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to Prevent and Control Hypertension by Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Public Health Priorities to Reduce and Control Hypertension in the U.S. Population Pdf

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, affecting nearly one in three Americans. It is prevalent in adults and endemic in the older adult population. Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and disability. Although there is a simple test to diagnose hypertension and relatively inexpensive drugs to treat it, the disease is often undiagnosed and uncontrolled. A Population-Based Policy and Systems Change Approach to the Prevention and Control Hypertension identifies a small set of high-priority areas in which public health officials can focus their efforts to accelerate progress in hypertension reduction and control. It offers several recommendations that embody a population-based approach grounded in the principles of measurement, system change, and accountability. The recommendations are designed to shift current hypertension reduction strategies from an individual-based approach to a population-based approach. They are also designed to improve the quality of care provided to individuals with hypertension and to strengthen the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's leadership in seeking a reduction in the sodium intake in the American diet to meet dietary guidelines. The book is an important resource for federal public health officials and organizations, especially the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as medical professionals and community health workers.

Author : United States. Human Nutrition Information Service. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Diet
ISBN : UCD:35555000535072

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Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans by United States. Human Nutrition Information Service. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Pdf

Abstract: Proposed revisions to the 1980 USDA-HHS joint publication, "Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for American", are given. Specific information and recommendations are given for 7 dietary guidelines: eat a variety of foods; maintain a reasonable body weight; avoid excess fat (particularly saturated fat and cholesterol); eat starchy, fibrous foods; avoid excess sodium and refined sugar; and if necessary, drink alcoholic beverages in moderation, and avoid driving. The rationale and proven self-help tips are included under each guideline. Key scientific references on which the revisions are based also are included

Author : David Kilcast,Fiona Angus
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-02-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781845693046

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Reducing Salt in Foods by David Kilcast,Fiona Angus Pdf

Concerns have grown that consumption levels of salt are well above those needed for nutritional purposes and that this can lead to adverse effects on health, in particular cardiovascular disease. Consumers are increasingly looking to reduce their salt intake, making salt reduction a priority for food manufacturers. This is not straightforward, though, as salt plays an important role in food preservation, taste and processability. Written by a team of international experts, Reducing salt in foods provides a unique review of current knowledge in this field. This book is divided into three parts and discusses the major issues concerned with salt reduction and how it may be achieved. Part one reviews the key health issues driving efforts to reduce salt, government action regarding salt reduction and the implications of salt labelling. Consumer perception of salt and views on salt reduction and are also discussed. The second part focuses on the technological, microbiological and sensory functions of salt and strategies that can be taken to reduce salt. The final part of the book outlines strategies which have been taken to reduce salt in particular food groups: meat and poultry, seafood, bread, snack foods, dairy products and canned foods. Reducing salt in foods is an essential reference for health professionals, governments and food manufacturers. Discusses methods to reduce salt while maintaining food sensory quality, shelf-life and processability Provides a unique review of current knowledge in this field An essential reference for health professionals, governments and food manufacturers

Author : G. A. MacGregor,H. E. de Wardener
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1998-09-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521635454

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Salt, Diet and Health by G. A. MacGregor,H. E. de Wardener Pdf

An accessible and forceful account of the harmful effects of excess salt in the human diet.

Author : Michael F. Jacobson
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780262542821

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Salt Wars by Michael F. Jacobson Pdf

"Written by Michael Jacobson, Ph.D., one of the most prominent advocates for sodium reduction since the 1970s, this book is a clarion call for radical change in America's relationship to salt"--

Author : A. John Camm
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 3198 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Cardiology
ISBN : 0198824874

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The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine by A. John Camm Pdf

Author : H. Kesteloot,J.V. Joosens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400988934

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Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure by H. Kesteloot,J.V. Joosens Pdf

Hypertension is a major health problem and contrary to ischemic heart disease, which occurs only in Western countries, its distribution is almost universal. It is this universality that has prompted us to gather, in this book, data on arterial blood pressure obtained in different parts of the world. Moreover, cerebrovascular mortality, which is the commonest cause of death from hypertension, is decreasing in most Western countries and in Japan, and the reasons for this are still far from clear. A major problem in comparing blood pressure values from different centers is the standardization of the measurement. Complete standardization will never be achieved if one takes into account the numerous factors that may influence blood pressure in epidemiological studies. Whether blood pressures are measured by doctors or by technicians, are recorded at home, in the working place or in a hospital, in sitting, standing or supine position, and is taken during the same examination-all of these whether a blood sample factors can influence blood pressure measurement. But meals, time of day (blood pressure being higher in the evening), heart rate, cuff size, stethoscope used, digit preference, month of year, temperature, etc., can equally influence the measurement. Home reading of arterial blood pressure at standardized times is probably the best answer to all of these problems and has been used with gratifying results in a comparative study between Belgium and Korea.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Hypertension
ISBN : UCR:31210021617848

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Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control - Continued Disparities in Adults, United States, 2005-2006 by Anonim Pdf