Soil Nitrogen Uses And Environmental Impacts

Author : Rattan Lal,B.A. Stewart
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-03-15
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351857413

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Soil Nitrogen Uses and Environmental Impacts by Rattan Lal,B.A. Stewart Pdf

Nitrogen (N) is potentially one of the most complex elements on the Earth. It is necessary for all biological activity, but creates negative impacts on water and air quality. There is a balancing act between deficiency and surplus and the forms of N available further complicate our understanding of the dynamics. Biological fixation provides some plants with N supply while others are totally dependent upon N being available in the soil profile for the roots to extract. Nevertheless, the demand for N will increase because the human population with its increasing growth requires more protein and thus more N. Understanding the global N cycle is imperative to meeting current and future nitrogen demands while decreasing environmental impacts. This book discusses availability, production, and recycling of N in air, water, plants, and soils. It features information on N impacts to soil and water quality, management of N in agroecosystems, and techniques to maximize the use efficiency while minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N into the environment. This volume in the Advances in Soil Science series is specifically devoted to availability, production, and recycling of N with impact on climate change and water quality, and management of N in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N (NO-3, N¬2O) into the environment.

Author : Arvin Mosier,J. Keith Syers,John R. Freney
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781597267434

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Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by Arvin Mosier,J. Keith Syers,John R. Freney Pdf

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.

Author : Y. P. Abrol,N. Raghuram,M. S. Sachdev
Publisher : I. K. International Pvt Ltd
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9788189866334

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Agricultural Nitrogen Use and Its Environmental Implications by Y. P. Abrol,N. Raghuram,M. S. Sachdev Pdf

Nitrogen fertilizers are the inescapable necessity to enhance agricultural production and to sustain food security. However, their inefficient use accrues from inherent limitations of the crop plants as well as the manner in which N fertilizers are formulated, applied and managed. Excessive accumulation of N in the environment leads to soil acidification, pollution of groundwater and eutrophication of surface water, posing a public health problem as well as ecosystem imbalance. Moreover, the ozone layer depletion and greenhouse effects of NOx gases have global implications. Agricultural Nitrogen Use: Environmental Implications provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary description of problems related to the efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture, in the overall context of the nitrogen cycle, its environmental and human health implications, as well as various approaches to improve N use efficiency. The book is presented in six sections: N Use, Flows and Cycling in Agricultural Systems; N Use Efficiency in Crop Ecosystems; Management Options and Strategies for Enhancing N Use Efficiency; Plant Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Enhancing N Use Efficiency; Role of Legumes and Biofertilizers in Agricultural N Economy; and Environmental and Human Health Implications.

Author : R.F. Follett,J.L. Hatfield
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 539 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001-12-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080537566

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Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management by R.F. Follett,J.L. Hatfield Pdf

Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251006571

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Effects of Intensive Fertilizer Use on the Human Environment by Anonim Pdf

A number of countries in Europe and North America have been using fertilizers heavily for a number of years and particulary since 1945. This high level of fertilizer applications is essential to supply the necessary food for increasing populations and to meet higher demands for animal and plant products. Effects of fertilizer use on the environment should show first in countries where fertilizers have been used intensively for some time and where consumption is steadily rising. It is the experience gained in such countries which is being discussed below with a view to assessing the impact of fertilizers on the human environment, including the development of methods for recognizing and minimizing any undersirable consequences which may be produced. It should be realized that high densities of human population combined with intensive crop and livestock production have led to the production of organic wastes at a rate too high for natural processes to convert it in ecologically safe compounds. Therefore both direct and indirect effects of intensive fertilizer use have been reviewed.

Author : Karlene Winslow
Publisher : Gazelle Book Services, Limited
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-29
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1633216039

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Nitrogen Fertilizer by Karlene Winslow Pdf

Nitrate and nitrite are two ions largely diffused in the environment because they take part in the nitrogen cycle. Moreover, a great part of atmospheric nitrogen may be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by microorganisms in plants, soil or water. The more stable form of oxidized nitrogen is nitrate ion, but, through microbial activity, it can be reduced to nitrite ion which is more chemically reactive. Nitrate and its salts are widely used, especially as inorganic fertilizers, and for many other purposes such as oxidizing agents, explosives, in the chemical industry and as food preservatives. This book discusses the agricultural uses, management practices and environmental effects of nitrogen fertilizers.

Author : William L. Hall,Wayne P. Robarge
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015057654553

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Environmental Impact of Fertilizer on Soil and Water by William L. Hall,Wayne P. Robarge Pdf

Fertilizers contribute to the variety, abundance, and low cost of food stuffs available to the public. However, fertilizer misuse can lower air, soil, and water quality. Regulators are scrutinizing fertilizers now more than ever because of their impact on the environment. This book provides an analysis of perchlorate in highly dissolved solid matrices and health issues of trace metals in fertilizers. This book focuses on nutrient impacts to water and the environment. Contributors include state and federal regulators, industry professionals, environmental consultants, and those in academia.

Author : Takuji Ohyama,Kazuyuki Inubushi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781839684883

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Nitrogen in Agriculture by Takuji Ohyama,Kazuyuki Inubushi Pdf

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.

Author : J.L. Hatfield,R.F. Follett
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-08-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080569897

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Nitrogen in the Environment by J.L. Hatfield,R.F. Follett Pdf

Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements for all life forms. In agricultural systems it is essential for the production of crops for feed, food, and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Nitrogen in the Environment provides a wholistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen. The scope of this book is diverse covering a range of topics and issues related to furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment at farm and national levels. Issues of nitrogen from its effects on crops and human nutrition to nitrogen in ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed to provide a broad view of the problem and support scientists, researchers, and engineers in formulating comprehensive solutions. * The only source which presents an international, wholistic perspective of the effects of nitrogen in the environment with worldwide mitigation practices * Provides details on how to improve the quality of the environment by analyzing the development of emerging technologies * Develops strategies to be used by soil scientists, agronomists, hydrologists, and geophysicists for broad scale improvement of nitrogen efficiency

Author : Karlene Winslow
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09
Category : Nitrogen fertilizers
ISBN : 1633215857

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Nitrogen Fertilizer by Karlene Winslow Pdf

Nitrate and nitrite are two ions largely diffused in the environment because they take part in the nitrogen cycle. Moreover, a great part of atmospheric nitrogen may be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by microorganisms in plants, soil or water. The more stable form of oxidized nitrogen is nitrate ion, but, through microbial activity, it can be reduced to nitrite ion which is more chemically reactive. Nitrate and its salts are widely used, especially as inorganic fertilizers, and for many other purposes such as oxidizing agents, explosives, in the chemical industry and as food preservatives. This book discusses the agricultural uses, management practices and environmental effects of nitrogen fertilizers.

Author : Gary M. Pierzynski,George F. Vance,Thomas J. Sims
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2005-05-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203496367

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Soils and Environmental Quality by Gary M. Pierzynski,George F. Vance,Thomas J. Sims Pdf

Aperpetual bestseller, this third edition remains the obvious choice for those instructors who strive to make their teaching applicable to contemporary issues. The three authors, all teaching professors distinguished in soil science, have updated this student favorite to include a greater number of even more relevant topics. Responding to reques

Author : Jack E. Rechcigl
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1995-09-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0873718593

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Soil Amendments and Environmental Quality by Jack E. Rechcigl Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive and balanced overview of soil amendments and their effect on the environment. It encompasses both positive and negative aspects of chemical fertilizers that supply nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, lime, micronutrients, and trace metals. Pros and cons are discussed with respect to the optimal and the most environmentally sound use of soil amendments, and guidance is provided on how to minimize the environmental effects of amendments. Natural fertilizers, including manure, sludge, fly ash, phosphogypsum, and byproduct gypsum are also discussed. Alternative agronomic practices and biotechnology that ameliorate or minimize potential adverse effects of fertilizer use are examined in detail. This authoritative and up-to-date treatise is multidisciplinary in nature and international in scope, a powerful reference tool for researchers, a thorough guide for practitioners and policy makers, and an excellent text book for academic courses.

Author : Elizabeth Braun,United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics,Woods Hole Research Center (Woods Hole, Mass.)
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9280727834

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Reactive Nitrogen in the Environment by Elizabeth Braun,United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics,Woods Hole Research Center (Woods Hole, Mass.) Pdf

This non-technical report summarises the present scientific understanding of the major issues surrounding reactive nitrogen, and discusses the overarching environmental, human health and economic issues created by both excesses and deficiencies. The report provides case studies of effective policy implementation and reviews emerging policies to show how negative impacts associated with reactive nitrogen may be successfully addressed locally, nationally and regionally, given similar challenges, shared experiences and effective solutions.

Author : Georges Hofman,Oswald Van Cleemput,International Fertilizer Industry Association
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Plants
ISBN : 2950629997

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Soil and Plant Nitrogen by Georges Hofman,Oswald Van Cleemput,International Fertilizer Industry Association Pdf

Author : Marit Lægreid,Oluf Chr Bøckman,Ola Kaarstad
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015056627873

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Agriculture, Fertilizers, and the Environment by Marit Lægreid,Oluf Chr Bøckman,Ola Kaarstad Pdf

The purpose of this book is to provide a balanced scientific review of the environmental and sustainability issues relating to fertilizer use and how its environmental impact can be minimized. The book is suitable for undergraduate and college students taking courses in soil, crop and environmental science as well as for agricultural advisers and extension workers, and farmers themselves. It will also be accessible to a more general audience concerned with food production and the environment.