Sophonisba Breckinridge

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Sophonisba Breckinridge

Anya Jabour
Sophonisba Breckinridge Book PDF

Author : Anya Jabour
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780252051524

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Sophonisba Breckinridge by Anya Jabour Pdf

Sophonisba Breckinridge's remarkable career stretched from the Civil War to the Cold War. She took part in virtually every reform campaign of the Progressive and New Deal eras and became a nationally and internationally renowned figure. Her work informed women’s activism for decades and continues to shape progressive politics today. Anya Jabour's biography rediscovers this groundbreaking American figure. After earning advanced degrees in politics, economics, and law, Breckinridge established the University of Chicago's School of Social Service Administration, which became a feminist think tank that promoted public welfare policy and propelled women into leadership positions. In 1935, Breckinridge’s unremitting efforts to provide government aid to the dispossessed culminated in her appointment as an advisor on programs for the new Social Security Act. A longtime activist in international movements for peace and justice, Breckinridge also influenced the formation of the United Nations and advanced the idea that "women’s rights are human rights." Her lifelong commitment to social justice created a lasting legacy for generations of progressive activists.

The Kentucky Encyclopedia

John E. Kleber
The Kentucky Encyclopedia Book PDF

Author : John E. Kleber
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 1080 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813159010

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The Kentucky Encyclopedia by John E. Kleber Pdf

The Kentucky Encyclopedia's 2,000-plus entries are the work of more than five hundred writers. Their subjects reflect all areas of the commonwealth and span the time from prehistoric settlement to today's headlines, recording Kentuckians' achievements in art, architecture, business, education, politics, religion, science, and sports. Biographical sketches portray all of Kentucky's governors and U.S. senators, as well as note congressmen and state and local politicians. Kentucky's impact on the national scene is registered in the lives of such figures as Carry Nation, Henry Clay, Louis Brandeis, and Alben Barkley. The commonwealth's high range from writers Harriette Arnow and Jesse Stuart, reformers Laura Clay and Mary Breckinridge, and civil rights leaders Whitney Young, Jr., and Georgia Powers, to sports figures Muhammad Ali and Adolph Rupp and entertainers Loretta Lynn, Merle Travis, and the Everly Brothers. Entries describe each county and county seat and each community with a population above 2,500. Broad overview articles examine such topics as agriculture, segregation, transportation, literature, and folklife. Frequently misunderstood aspects of Kentucky's history and culture are clarified and popular misconceptions corrected. The facts on such subjects as mint juleps, Fort Knox, Boone's coonskin cap, the Kentucky hot brown, and Morgan's Raiders will settle many an argument. For both the researcher and the more casual reader, this collection of facts and fancies about Kentucky and Kentuckians will be an invaluable resource.

Endless Crusade

Ellen Fitzpatrick
Endless Crusade Book PDF

Author : Ellen Fitzpatrick
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1994-01-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195358483

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Endless Crusade by Ellen Fitzpatrick Pdf

This book examines the lives and careers of four American women--Sophonisba Breckinridge, Edith Abbott, Katharine Bement Davis, and Frances Kellor--who played decisive roles in early twentieth-century reform crusades. Breckinridge and Abbott used their educations in political science and political economy to expose the tragic conditions endured by the urban poor. Davis became the first superintendent of the New York State Reformatory at Bedford Hills and was a leading figure in prison reform. Kellor's sociological training gained her admittance to the smoke-filled rooms of national party politics and eventually to a high-ranking position in the Progressive Party. In Endless Crusade, Fitzpatrick follows these four women from their collective experience as University of Chicago graduate students at the turn of the century to their extraordinary careers as early-twentieth-century social activists, exploring the impact of their academic training and their experiences as professional women on issues ranging from prison reform to Progressive Party politics. Fitzpatrick examines how each woman struggled, in various settings, to promote effective social reform. Their shared commitment to social knowledge and social change, she shows, helped to shape the character of early-twentieth-century reform.

Gender and the Politics of Welfare Reform

Joanne L. Goodwin
Gender and the Politics of Welfare Reform Book PDF

Author : Joanne L. Goodwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226303918

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Gender and the Politics of Welfare Reform by Joanne L. Goodwin Pdf

The first study to explore the origins of welfare in the context of local politics, this book examines the first public welfare policy created specifically for mother-only families. Chicago initiated the largest mothers' pension program in the United States in 1911. Evolving alongside movements for industrial justice and women's suffrage, the mothers' pension movement hoped to provide "justice for mothers" and protection from life's insecurities. However, local politics and public finance derailed the policy, and most women were required to earn. Widows were more likely to receive pensions than deserted women and unwed mothers. And African-American mothers were routinely excluded because they were proven breadwinners yet did not compete with white men for jobs. Ultimately, the once-uniform commitment to protect motherhood faltered on the criteria of individual support, and wage-earning became a major component of the policy. This revealing study shows how assumptions about women's roles have historically shaped public policy and sheds new light on the ongoing controversy of welfare reform.

The Breckinridges of Kentucky

James C. Klotter
The Breckinridges of Kentucky Book PDF

Author : James C. Klotter
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 611 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-14
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780813189475

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The Breckinridges of Kentucky by James C. Klotter Pdf

Across more than six generations—beginning before the Revolutionary War—the Breckinridge family has produced a series of notable leaders. These often controversial men and women included a presidential candidate, a U.S. vice president, cabinet members, generals, women's rights advocates, congressmen, editors, reformers, authors, and church leaders. Along with success, the Breckinridges, like other Americans, faced hardship and war, contended with race, lived through difficult family situations—including a sex scandal—and encountered personal and political failure. An articulate, opinionated, and frank family, the Breckinridges have left a detailed record that allows us a vivid recreation of the range of American history and society.

The Wages of Motherhood

Gwendolyn Mink
The Wages of Motherhood Book PDF

Author : Gwendolyn Mink
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0801495342

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The Wages of Motherhood by Gwendolyn Mink Pdf

Entering the vigorous debate about the nature of the American welfare state, The Wages of Motherhood illuminates ways in which a "maternalist" social policy emerged from the crucible of gender and racial politics between the world wars. Gwendolyn Mink here examines the cultural dynamics of maternalist social policy, which have often been overlooked by institutional and class analyses of the welfare state. Mink maintains that the movement for welfare provisions, while resulting in important gains, reinforced existing patterns of gender and racial inequality. She explores how AngloAmerican women reformers, as they gained increasing political recognition, promoted an ideology of domesticity that became the core of maternalist social policy. Focusing on reformers such as Jane Addams, Grace Abbott, Katherine Lenroot, and Frances Perkins, Mink shows how they helped shape a social policy premised on moral character and cultural conformity rather than universal entitlement. According to Mink, commitments to a gendered and racialized ideology of virtuous citizenship led women's reform organizations in the United States to support welfare policies that were designed to uplift and regulate motherhood and thus to reform the cultural character of citizens. The upshot was a welfare agenda that linked maternity with dependency, poverty with cultural weakness, and need with moral failing. Relegating poor women and racial minorities to dependent status, maternalist policy had the effect of stengthening ideological and institutional forms of subordination. In Mink's view, the legacy of this benevolent--and invidious--policy contimies to inflect thinking about welfare reform today.

New Democracy

William J. Novak
New Democracy Book PDF

Author : William J. Novak
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780674260443

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New Democracy by William J. Novak Pdf

The activist state of the New Deal started forming decades before the FDR administration, demonstrating the deep roots of energetic government in America. In the period between the Civil War and the New Deal, American governance was transformed, with momentous implications for social and economic life. A series of legal reforms gradually brought an end to nineteenth-century traditions of local self-government and associative citizenship, replacing them with positive statecraft: governmental activism intended to change how Americans lived and worked through legislation, regulation, and public administration. The last time American public life had been so thoroughly altered was in the late eighteenth century, at the founding and in the years immediately following. William J. Novak shows how Americans translated new conceptions of citizenship, social welfare, and economic democracy into demands for law and policy that delivered public services and vindicated peopleÕs rights. Over the course of decades, Americans progressively discarded earlier understandings of the reach and responsibilities of government and embraced the idea that legislators and administrators in Washington could tackle economic regulation and social-welfare problems. As citizens witnessed the successes of an energetic, interventionist state, they demanded more of the same, calling on politicians and civil servants to address unfair competition and labor exploitation, form public utilities, and reform police power. Arguing against the myth that America was a weak state until the New Deal, New Democracy traces a steadily aggrandizing authority well before the Roosevelt years. The United States was flexing power domestically and intervening on behalf of redistributive goals for far longer than is commonly recognized, putting the lie to libertarian claims that the New Deal was an aberration in American history.

Women and Justice for the Poor

Felice Batlan
Women and Justice for the Poor Book PDF

Author : Felice Batlan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107084537

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Women and Justice for the Poor by Felice Batlan Pdf

This book re-examines fundamental assumptions about the American legal profession and the boundaries between "professional" lawyers, "lay" lawyers, and social workers. Putting legal history and women's history in dialogue, it details the history of the origins and development of free legal aid for the poor in the United States.

New Homes for Old

Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge
New Homes for Old Book PDF

Author : Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1412829631

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New Homes for Old by Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge Pdf

New Homes for Old was one of ten volumes published by the Carnegie Corporation on "Methods of Americanization." Reappearing near the end of four decades of massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, the volumes were "to give as clear a notion as possible of the methods of the agencies actually at work in this field." Breckenridge's volume considers the immigrant homes and family life. Sophonisba Breckenridge was a major figure in the remarkable circle of women associated with Jane Addams's Hull House. She played a leading role in Progressive Era social research and in the development of professional social work. Published just a few years before restriction virtually ended immigration New Homes for Old holds great interest to contemporary students of immigration and ethnicity, women's history, and progressive reform. Surprisingly, it has been virtually unknown. This is an account of how immigrants actually lived-what they ate, how they shopped, how much money they saved, what kind of clothing they wore, how they organized households and cleaned their homes, how parents raised children, and a host of other issues. Rich in descriptive detail, it contains numerous examples of actual immigrant families and organizations. Breckenridge considers issues largely ignored in the historical literature on immigration, providing useful primary sources to supplement the secondary literature on immigration in this period. She also reveals a great deal about how progressive reformers and social scientists viewed immigrants. Her work reflects the general conclusion of Chicago School sociologists and reformers that rural immigrants underwent dramatic "social disorganization" upon arrival in urban America. Steven J. Diner's new introduction places New Homes for Old in the context of the Americanization movement, which was greatly invigorated by World War I domestic mobilization. This volume is an invaluable primary source for the history of home economics and social work, professions dominated from the start by women. As such it will be of interest to those interested in immigration and ethnic history, women's history, social welfare, and the Progressive Era. Steven J. Diner is professor and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Rutgers University, Newark. He is the author of many articles and books including A City and Its Universities: Public Policy in Chicago, 1919-1992, and A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era.

The Trials of Nina McCall

Scott W. Stern
The Trials of Nina McCall Book PDF

Author : Scott W. Stern
Publisher : Beacon Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780807042762

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The Trials of Nina McCall by Scott W. Stern Pdf

The nearly forgotten story of the American Plan, a government program to regulate women’s bodies and sexuality—and how they fought back—told through the lens of one of its survivors “A consistently surprising page-turner . . . a brilliant study of the way social anxieties have historically congealed in state control over women’s bodies and behavior.”—New York Times Book Review Nina McCall was one of many women unfairly imprisoned by the United States government throughout the twentieth century. Tens, probably hundreds, of thousands of women and girls were locked up—usually without due process—simply because officials suspected these women were prostitutes, carrying STIs, or just “promiscuous.” This discriminatory program, dubbed the “American Plan,” lasted from the 1910s into the 1950s, implicating a number of luminaries, including Eleanor Roosevelt, John D. Rockefeller Jr., Earl Warren, and even Eliot Ness, while laying the foundation for the modern system of women’s prisons. In some places, vestiges of the Plan lingered into the 1960s and 1970s, and the laws that undergirded it remain on the books to this day. Nina McCall’s story provides crucial insight into the lives of countless other women incarcerated under the American Plan. Stern demonstrates the pain and shame felt by these women and details the multitude of mortifications they endured, both during and after their internment. Yet thousands of incarcerated women rioted, fought back against their oppressors, or burned their detention facilities to the ground; they jumped out of windows or leapt from moving trains or scaled barbed-wire fences in order to escape. And, as Nina McCall did, they sued their captors. In an age of renewed activism surrounding harassment, health care, prisons, women’s rights, and the power of the state, this virtually lost chapter of our history is vital reading.

Proud Kentuckian, John C. Breckinridge, 1821-1875

Frank Hopkins Heck
Proud Kentuckian John C Breckinridge 1821 1875 Book PDF

Author : Frank Hopkins Heck
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1976-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0813102170

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Proud Kentuckian, John C. Breckinridge, 1821-1875 by Frank Hopkins Heck Pdf

Biography of John Cabell Breckinridge: "a lawyer, U.S. Representative, Senator from Kentucky, the 14th Vice President of the United States, Southern Democratic candidate for President in 1860, a Confederate general in the American Civil War, and the last Confederate Secretary of War. To date, Breckinridge is the youngest vice president in U.S. history, inaugurated at age 36. He is also remembered as the Confederate commander at the Battle of New Market, where young VMI cadets participated in the battle on the Confederate side."-Wikipedia.

Children and Youth During the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

James Marten,Paula S Fass
Children and Youth During the Gilded Age and Progressive Era Book PDF

Author : James Marten,Paula S Fass
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781479856558

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Children and Youth During the Gilded Age and Progressive Era by James Marten,Paula S Fass Pdf

In the decades after the Civil War, urbanization, industrialization, and immigration marked the start of the Gilded Age, a period of rapid economic growth but also social upheaval. Reformers responded to the social and economic chaos with a “search for order,” as famously described by historian Robert Wiebe. Most reformers agreed that one of the nation’s top priorities should be its children and youth, who, they believed, suffered more from the disorder plaguing the rapidly growing nation than any other group. Children and Youth during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era explores both nineteenth century conditions that led Progressives to their search for order and some of the solutions applied to children and youth in the context of that search. Edited by renowned scholar of children’s history James Marten, the collection of eleven essays offers case studies relevant to educational reform, child labor laws, underage marriage, and recreation for children, among others. Including important primary documents produced by children themselves, the essays in this volume foreground the role that youth played in exerting agency over their own lives and in contesting the policies that sought to protect and control them.

Settlement Sociology in the Progressive Years

Joyce E. Williams,Vicky M. MacLean
Settlement Sociology in the Progressive Years Book PDF

Author : Joyce E. Williams,Vicky M. MacLean
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004287570

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Settlement Sociology in the Progressive Years by Joyce E. Williams,Vicky M. MacLean Pdf

The Progressive Era roots of sociology as a public enterprise for reform are restored to the canon and given recognition by tracing key works of early sociological practitioners in the leading settlement houses of Chicago, New York and Boston.

Southern Women at the Seven Sister Colleges

Joan Marie Johnson
Southern Women at the Seven Sister Colleges Book PDF

Author : Joan Marie Johnson
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9780820334684

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Southern Women at the Seven Sister Colleges by Joan Marie Johnson Pdf

From the end of Reconstruction and into the New South era, more than one thousand white southern women attended one of the Seven Sister colleges: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith, Mount Holyoke, Bryn Mawr, Radcliffe, and Barnard. Joan Marie Johnson looks at how such educations—in the North, at some of the country’s best schools—influenced southern women to challenge their traditional gender roles and become active in woman suffrage and other social reforms of the Progressive Era South. Attending one of the Seven Sister colleges, Johnson argues, could transform a southern woman indoctrinated in notions of domesticity and dependence into someone with newfound confidence and leadership skills. Many southern students at northern schools imported the values they imbibed at college, returning home to found schools of their own, women’s clubs, and woman suffrage associations. At the same time, during college and after graduation, southern women maintained a complicated relationship to home, nurturing their regional identity and remaining loyal to the ideals of the Confederacy. Johnson explores why students sought a classical liberal arts education, how they prepared for entrance examinations, and how they felt as southerners on northern campuses. She draws on personal writings, information gleaned from college publications and records, and data on the women’s decisions about marriage, work, children, and other life-altering concerns. In their time, the women studied in this book would eventually make up a disproportionately high percentage of the elite southern female leadership. This collective biography highlights the important part they played in forging new roles for women, especially in social reform, education, and suffrage.

The Juvenile Court and the Progressives

Victoria Getis
The Juvenile Court and the Progressives Book PDF

Author : Victoria Getis
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 0252025725

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The Juvenile Court and the Progressives by Victoria Getis Pdf

Today's troubled juvenile court system has its roots in Progressive-era Chicago, a city one observer described as "first in violence" and "deepest in dirt." Examining the vision and methods of the original proponents of the Cook County Juvenile Court, Victoria Getis uncovers the court's intrinsic flaws as well as the sources of its debilitation in our own time. Spearheaded by a group of Chicago women, including Jane Addams, Lucy Flower, and Julia Lathrop, the juvenile court bill was pushed through the legislature by an eclectic coalition of progressive reformers, both women and men. Like many progressive institutions, the court reflected an unswerving faith in the wisdom of the state and in the ability of science to resolve the problems brought on by industrial capitalism. A hybrid institution combining legal and social welfare functions, the court was not intended to punish youthful lawbreakers but rather to provide guardianship for the vulnerable. In this role, the state was permitted great latitude to intervene in families where it detected a lack of adequate care for children. The court also became a living laboratory, as children in the court became the subjects of research by criminologists, statisticians, educators, state officials, economists, and, above all, practitioners of the new disciplines of sociology and psychology. The Chicago reformers had worked for large-scale social change, but the means they adopted eventually gave rise to the social sciences, where objectivity was prized above concrete solutions to social problems, and to professional groups that abandoned goals of structural reform. The Juvenile Court and the Progressives argues persuasively that the current impotence of the juvenile court system stems from contradictions that lie at the very heart of progressivism.