Space Nuclear Propulsion For Human Mars Exploration
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National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Nuclear Propulsion Technologies Committee
Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Nuclear Propulsion Technologies Committee Publisher : Unknown Page : 128 pages File Size : 51,6 Mb Release : 2021-11-12 Category : Electronic ISBN : 0309684803
Space Nuclear Propulsion for Human Mars Exploration by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Nuclear Propulsion Technologies Committee Pdf
Space Nuclear Propulsion for Human Mars Exploration identifies primary technical and programmatic challenges, merits, and risks for developing and demonstrating space nuclear propulsion technologies of interest to future exploration missions. This report presents key milestones and a top-level development and demonstration roadmap for performance nuclear thermal propulsion and nuclear electric propulsion systems and identifies missions that could be enabled by successful development of each technology.
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee on Priorities for Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee on Priorities for Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 158 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 2006-03-20 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309180108
Priorities in Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee on Priorities for Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion Pdf
In 2003, NASA began an R&D effort to develop nuclear power and propulsion systems for solar system exploration. This activity, renamed Project Prometheus in 2004, was initiated because of the inherent limitations in photovoltaic and chemical propulsion systems in reaching many solar system objectives. To help determine appropriate missions for a nuclear power and propulsion capability, NASA asked the NRC for an independent assessment of potentially highly meritorious missions that may be enabled if space nuclear systems became operational. This report provides a series of space science objectives and missions that could be so enabled in the period beyond 2015 in the areas of astronomy and astrophysics, solar system exploration, and solar and space physics. It is based on but does not reprioritize the findings of previous NRC decadal surveys in those three areas.
Human Exploration of Mars by Stephen J. Hoffman Pdf
Personnel representing several NASA field centers have formulated a "Reference Mission" addressing human exploration of Mars. Summarizes their work and describes a plan for the first human missions to Mars, using approaches that are technically feasible, have reasonable risks, and have relatively low costs. The architecture for the Mars Reference Mission builds on previous work of the Synthesis Group (1991) and Zubrin's (1991) concepts for the use of propellants derived from the Martian Atmosphere. In defining the Reference Mission, choices have been made. The rationale for each choice is documented; however, unanticipated technology advances or political decisions might change the choices in the future.
In this book, Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from a technological perspective. He divides the mission into a number of stages: Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO toward Mars; Mars orbit insertion and entry, descent and landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit and Earth return. A mission to send humans to explore the surface of Mars has been the ultimate goal of planetary exploration since the 1950s, when von Braun conjectured a flotilla of 10 interplanetary vessels carrying a crew of at least 70 humans. Since then, more than 1,000 studies were carried out. This third edition provides extensive updating and additions to the last edition, including new sections, and many new figures and tables, and references.
Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion by Mohamed S. El-Genk,Mark D. Hoover Pdf
This extensive and completely comprehensive proceedings volume offers the most in-depth examination available today of nuclear power for applications in space.
Strategies for Mars by Carol R. Stoker,Carter Emmart Pdf
Twenty-six essays written by workers in the space industry and interested lay people make a case for exploring Mars, arguing for the scientific objectives that could be achieved in the Martian "frontier" and even providing a cost and benefit analysis. The discussions suggest specific strategies in "getting there," flight profiles, and rocket designs utilizing nuclear electric propulsion. However, the questions remains--what happens when we arrive? In response, the authors speculate on life support, biomedical issues, transportation, and living spaces based on Biosphere 2 results. Lacks an index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The Development of Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Technology for Use in Space by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Pdf
The Role of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Propulsion in the Peaceful Exploration of Space by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf
Provides details of a variety of radioisotope power systems, shows in what circumstances they surpass other power systems, and provides the history of the space missions in which they have been employed. The book also summarizes the use of on-board reactors and the testing done on reactor rocket thrusters.
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Committee to Review NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Committee to Review NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 154 pages File Size : 42,6 Mb Release : 2009-01-29 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309125833
A Constrained Space Exploration Technology Program by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Committee to Review NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program Pdf
In January 2004, President George W. Bush announced the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), which instructed NASA to "Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations," among other objectives. As acknowledged in the VSE, significant technology development will be necessary to accomplish the goals it articulates. NASA's Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) is designed to support, develop, and ultimately provide the necessary technologies to meet the goals of the VSE. This book, a review of the ETDP, is broadly supportive of the intent and goals of the VSE, and finds the ETDP is making progress towards the stated goals of technology development. However, the ETDP is operating within significant constraints which limit its ability to successfully accomplish those goals-the still dynamic nature of the Constellation Program requirements, the constraints imposed by a limited budget, the aggressive time scale of early technology deliverables, and the desire to fully employ the NASA workforce.
Comparing Nuclear Propulsion Technologies for Crewed Missions to Mars by Nisha Khan Pdf
Comparing Nuclear Propulsion Technologies for Crewed Missions to Mars Current chemical propulsion systems are limited in their ability to support crewed missions to Mars due to their low propellant efficiency and long mission times. Nuclear propulsion technologies offer a potential solution to these challenges, as they are capable of producing higher thrust and propellant efficiency than chemical rockets. This paper compares three nuclear propulsion technologies for crewed missions to Mars: nuclear electric propulsion (NEP), nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP), and nuclear fusion propulsion (NFP). Each technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice for a crewed Mars mission will depend on a number of factors, including mission requirements, cost, and risk. NEP systems are the most mature of the three technologies, and they have already been used successfully in a number of space missions. NEP systems use a nuclear reactor to generate electricity, which is then used to power an electric thruster. NEP systems are very efficient, but they produce relatively low thrust. As a result, NEP systems require longer mission times than other nuclear propulsion technologies. NTP systems are less mature than NEP systems, but they offer the potential for higher thrust and shorter mission times. NTP systems use a nuclear reactor to heat a propellant gas, which is then expelled through a nozzle to produce thrust. NTP systems are more efficient than chemical rockets, but they are also more complex and expensive to develop. NFP systems are the most advanced of the three technologies, but they are also the most speculative. NFP systems would use the fusion of atomic nuclei to generate energy, which could then be used to power a variety of propulsion systems. NFP systems have the potential to offer even higher thrust and shorter mission times than NTP systems, but they are still in the early stages of development.
Author : David S. F. Portree Publisher : Unknown Page : 164 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 2001 Category : Space flight to Mars ISBN : NASA:31769000641459
Mars Outpost provides a detailed insight into the various technologies, mission architectures, medical requirements, and training needed to send humans to Mars. It focuses on mission objectives and benefits, and the risks and complexities that are compounded when linked to an overall planet exploration program involving several expeditions and setting up a permanent presence on the surface. The first section provides the background to sending a human mission to Mars. Analogies are made with early polar exploration and the expeditions of Shackleton, Amundsen, and Mawson. The interplanetary plans of the European Space Agency, NASA, and Russia are examined, including the possibility of one or more nations joining forces to send humans to Mars. Current mission architectures, such as NASA’s Constellation, ESA’s Aurora, and Ross Tierney’s DIRECT, are described and evaluated. The next section looks at how humans will get to the Red Planet, beginning with the preparation of the crew. The author examines the various analogues to understand the problems Mars-bound astronauts will face. Additional chapters describe the transportation hardware necessary to launch 4-6 astronauts on an interplanetary trajectory to Mars, including the cutting edge engineering and design of life support systems required to protect crews for more than a year from the lethal radiation encountered in deep space. NASA’s current plan is to use standard chemical propulsion technology, but eventually Mars crews will take advantage of advanced propulsion concepts, such as the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket, ion drives and nuclear propulsion. The interplanetary options for reaching Mars, as well as the major propulsive maneuvers required and the trajectories and energy requirements for manned and unmanned payloads, are reviewed . Another chapter addresses the daunting medical problems and available countermeasures for humans embarking on a mission to Mars: the insidious effects of radiation on the human body and the deleterious consequences of bone and muscle deconditioning. Crew selection will be considered, bearing in mind the strong possibility that they may not be able to return to Earth. Still another chapter describes the guidance, navigation, and control system architecture, as well as the lander design requirements and crew tasks and responsibilities required to touch down on the Red Planet. Section 3 looks at the surface mission architectures. Seedhouse describes such problems as radiation, extreme temperatures, and construction challenges that will be encountered by colonists. He examines proposed concepts for transporting cargo and astronauts long distances across the Martian surface using magnetic levitation systems, permanent rail systems, and flying vehicles. In the penultimate chapter of the book, the author explains an adaptable and mobile exploration architecture that will enable long-term human exploration of Mars, perhaps making it the next space-based tourist location.
