Spatializing The History Of Ecology

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Spatializing the History of Ecology

Raf de Bont,Jens Lachmund
Spatializing the History of Ecology Book PDF

Author : Raf de Bont,Jens Lachmund
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351750929

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Spatializing the History of Ecology by Raf de Bont,Jens Lachmund Pdf

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: Knowing Nature, Making Space -- PART I: Crafting Zones and Regions -- 2 Mapping Heimat: Amateur Natural History and Plant Ecology in Imperial Germany -- 3 Life Zones: The Rise and Decline of a Theory of the Geographic Distribution of Species -- 4 A Laboratory for Tropical Ecology: Colonial Models and American Science at Cinchona, Jamaica -- 5 Field Stations and the Problem of Scale: Local, Regional, and Global at the Desert Lab -- 6 Ecology and Rehabilitation: The West Highland Survey, 1944-1955 -- PART II: Modelling Systems -- 7 Ecosystem Simulation as a Practice of Emplacement: The Desert Biome Project, 1970-1974 -- 8 The City as Ecosystem: Paul Duvigneaud and the Ecological Study of Brussels -- PART III: Fashioning Objects of Conservation -- 9 Extinct in the Wild: Finding a Place for the European Bison, 1919-1952 -- 10 Islands and Bioregions: Global Reserve Design Models and the Making of National Parks, 1960-2000 -- 11 Space, Place, Land, and Sea: The "Ecological Discovery" of the Global Wadden Sea -- 12 Epilogue -- Index.

Greening Europe

Anna-Katharina Wöbse,Patrick Kupper
Greening Europe Book PDF

Author : Anna-Katharina Wöbse,Patrick Kupper
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110665789

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Greening Europe by Anna-Katharina Wöbse,Patrick Kupper Pdf

Today, the environment seems omnipresent in European policy within and beyond the European Union. The idea of a shared European environment, however, has come a long way and is still being contested. Greening Europe focuses on the many ways people have interacted with nature and made it an issue of European concern. The authors ask how notions of Europe mattered in these activities and they expose the many entanglements of activists across the subcontinent who set out to connect and network, and to exchange knowledge, worldviews, and strategies that exceeded their national horizons. Moving beyond human agency, the handbook also highlights the eminent role nature played in both "greening" Europe and making Europe a shared environment.

A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology

Frank B. Golley
A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology Book PDF

Author : Frank B. Golley
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0300066422

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A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology by Frank B. Golley Pdf

The ecosystem concept--the idea that flora and fauna interact with the environment to form an ecological complex--has long been central to the public perception of ecology and to increasing awareness of environmental degradation. In this book an eminent ecologist explains the ecosystem concept, tracing its evolution, describing how numerous American and European researchers contributed to its evolution, and discussing the explosive growth of ecosystem studies. Golley surveys the development of the ecosystem concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and discusses the coining of the term ecosystem by the English ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley in 1935. He then reviews how the American ecologist Raymond Lindeman applied the concept to a small lake in Minnesota and showed how the biota and the environment of the lake interacted through the exchange of energy. Golley describes how a seminal textbook on ecology written by Eugene P. Odum helped to popularize the ecosystem concept and how numerous other scientists investigated its principles and published their results. He relates how ecosystem studies dominated ecology in the 1960s and became a key element of the International Biological Program biome studies in the United States--a program aimed at "the betterment of mankind" specifically through conservation, human genetics, and improvements in the use of natural resources; how a study of watershed ecosystems in Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, blazed new paths in ecosystem research by defining the limits of the system in a natural way; and how current research uses the ecosystem concept. Throughout Golley shows how the ecosystem concept has been shaped internationally by both developments in other disciplines and by personalities and politics.

Ecology and Empire

Tom Griffiths,Libby Robin
Ecology and Empire Book PDF

Author : Tom Griffiths,Libby Robin
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0295976675

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Ecology and Empire by Tom Griffiths,Libby Robin Pdf

Ecology and Empire forged a historical partnership of great power -- and one which, particularly in the last 500 years, radically changed human and natural history across the globe. This book scrutinizes European expansion from the perspectives of the so-called colonized peripheries, the settler societies. It begins with Australia as a prism through which to consider the relations between settlers and their lands, but moves well beyond this to a range of lands of empire. It uses their distinctive ecologies and histories to shed new light on both the imperial and the settler environmental experience. Ecology and Empire also explores the way in which the science of ecology itself was an artifact of empire, drawing together the fields of imperial history and the history of science.

Wild by Design

Laura J. Martin
Wild by Design Book PDF

Author : Laura J. Martin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780674275836

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Wild by Design by Laura J. Martin Pdf

An environmental historian delves into the history, science, and philosophy of a paradoxical pursuit: the century-old quest to design natural places and create wild species. Environmental restoration is a global pursuit and a major political concern. Governments, nonprofits, private corporations, and other institutions spend billions of dollars each year to remove invasive species, build wetlands, and reintroduce species driven from their habitats. But restoration has not always been so intensively practiced. It began as the pastime of a few wildflower enthusiasts and the first practitioners of the new scientific discipline of ecology. Restoration has been a touchstone of US environmentalism since the beginning of the twentieth century. Diverging from popular ideas about preservation, which romanticized nature as an Eden to be left untouched by human hands, and conservation, the managed use of natural resources, restoration emerged as a “third way.” Restorationists grappled with the deepest puzzles of human care for life on earth: How to intervene in nature for nature’s own sake? What are the natural baselines that humans should aim to restore? Is it possible to design nature without destroying wildness? Laura J. Martin shows how, over time, amateur and professional ecologists, interest groups, and government agencies coalesced around a mode of environmental management that sought to respect the world-making, and even the decision-making, of other species. At the same time, restoration science reshaped material environments in ways that powerfully influenced what we understand the wild to be. In Wild by Design, restoration’s past provides vital knowledge for climate change policy. But Martin also offers something more—a meditation on what it means to be wild and a call for ecological restoration that is socially just.

American Tropics

Megan Raby
American Tropics Book PDF

Author : Megan Raby
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-03
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781469635613

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American Tropics by Megan Raby Pdf

Biodiversity has been a key concept in international conservation since the 1980s, yet historians have paid little attention to its origins. Uncovering its roots in tropical fieldwork and the southward expansion of U.S. empire at the turn of the twentieth century, Megan Raby details how ecologists took advantage of growing U.S. landholdings in the circum-Caribbean by establishing permanent field stations for long-term, basic tropical research. From these outposts of U.S. science, a growing community of American "tropical biologists" developed both the key scientific concepts and the values embedded in the modern discourse of biodiversity. Considering U.S. biological fieldwork from the era of the Spanish-American War through the anticolonial movements of the 1960s and 1970s, this study combines the history of science, environmental history, and the history of U.S.–Caribbean and Latin American relations. In doing so, Raby sheds new light on the origins of contemporary scientific and environmentalist thought and brings to the forefront a surprisingly neglected history of twentieth-century U.S. science and empire.

Nature's Diplomats

Raf De Bont
Nature s Diplomats Book PDF

Author : Raf De Bont
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822988069

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Nature's Diplomats by Raf De Bont Pdf

Nature’s Diplomats explores the development of science-based and internationally conceived nature protection in its foundational years before the 1960s, the decade when it launched from obscurity onto the global stage. Raf De Bont studies a movement while it was still in the making and its groups were still rather small, revealing the geographies of the early international preservationist groups, their social composition, self-perception, ethos, and predilections, their ideals and strategies, and the natures they sought to preserve. By examining international efforts to protect migratory birds, the threatened European bison, and the mountain gorilla in the interior of the Belgian Congo, Nature’s Diplomats sheds new light on the launch of major international organizations for nature protection in the aftermath of World War II. Additionally, it covers how the rise of ecological science, the advent of the Cold War, and looming decolonization forced a rethinking of approach and rhetoric; and how old ideas and practices lingered on. It provides much-needed historical context for present-day convictions about and approaches to the preservation of species and the conservation of natural resources, the involvement of local communities in conservation projects, the fate of extinct species and vanished habitats, and the management of global nature.

Living with the Land

Liesbeth van de Grift,Dietmar Müller,Corinna R. Unger
Living with the Land Book PDF

Author : Liesbeth van de Grift,Dietmar Müller,Corinna R. Unger
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110678628

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Living with the Land by Liesbeth van de Grift,Dietmar Müller,Corinna R. Unger Pdf

For a long time agriculture and rural life were dismissed by many contemporaries as irrelevant or old-fashioned. Contrasted with cities as centers of intellectual debate and political decision-making, the countryside seemed to be becoming increasingly irrelevant. Today, politicians in many European countries are starting to understand that the neglect of the countryside has created grave problems. Similarly, historians are remembering that European history in the twentieth century was strongly influenced by problems connected to the production of food, access to natural resources, land rights, and the political representation and activism of rural populations. Hence, the handbook offers an overview of historical knowledge on a variety of topics related to the land. It does so through a distinctly activity-centric and genuinely European perspective. Rather than comparing different national approaches to living with the land, the different chapters focus on particular activities – from measuring to settling the land, from producing and selling food to improving agronomic knowledge, from organizing rural life to challenging political structures in the countryside. Furthermore, the handbook overcomes the traditional division between East and West, North and South, by embracing a transregional approach that allows readers to gain an understanding of similarities and differences across national and ideological borders in twentieth-century Europe.

Ecology Revisited

Astrid Schwarz,Kurt Jax
Ecology Revisited Book PDF

Author : Astrid Schwarz,Kurt Jax
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048197446

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Ecology Revisited by Astrid Schwarz,Kurt Jax Pdf

As concerns about humankind’s relationship with the environment move inexorably up the agenda, this volume tells the story of the history of the concept of ecology itself and adds much to the historical and philosophical debate over this multifaceted discipline. The text provides readers with an overview of the theoretical, institutional and historical formation of ecological knowledge. The varied local conditions of early ecology are considered in detail, while epistemological problems that lie on the borders of ecology, such as disunity and complexity, are discussed. The book traces the various phases of the history of the concept of ecology itself, from its 19th century origins and antecedents, through the emergence of the environmental movement in the later 20th century, to the future, and how ecology might be located in the environmental science framework of the 21st century. The study of ‘ecological’ phenomena has never been confined solely to the work of researchers who consider themselves ecologists. It is rather a field of knowledge in which a plurality of practices, concepts and theories are developed. Thus, there exist numerous disciplinary subdivisions and research programmes within the field, the boundaries of which remain blurred. As a consequence, the deliberation to adequately identify the ecological field of knowledge, its epistemic and institutional setting, is still going on. This will be of central importance not only in locating ecology in the frame of 21st century environmental sciences but also for a better understanding of how nature and culture are intertwined in debates about pressing problems, such as climate change, the protection of species diversity, or the management of renewable resources.

Ecology in the 20th Century

Anna Bramwell
Ecology in the 20th Century Book PDF

Author : Anna Bramwell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Ecology
ISBN : 0300045212

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Ecology in the 20th Century by Anna Bramwell Pdf

Considers the roots of the ideas of the modern ecological movement in two distinct strands of the scientific community, the biological and economic, and then traces the intellectual contributions of biological and economic ecologists through movements in Germany and Britain. Cloth edition, $40. Annotation(c) 2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Interurban Knowledge Exchange in Southern and Eastern Europe, 1870–1950

Eszter Gantner,Heidi Hein-Kircher,Oliver Hochadel
Interurban Knowledge Exchange in Southern and Eastern Europe 1870 1950 Book PDF

Author : Eszter Gantner,Heidi Hein-Kircher,Oliver Hochadel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000207651

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Interurban Knowledge Exchange in Southern and Eastern Europe, 1870–1950 by Eszter Gantner,Heidi Hein-Kircher,Oliver Hochadel Pdf

Around 1900 cities in Southern and Eastern Europe were persistently labeled "backward" and "delayed." Allegedly, they had no alternative but to follow the role model of the metropolises, of London, Paris or Vienna. This edited volume fundamentally questions this assumption. It shows that cities as diverse as Barcelona, Berdyansk, Budapest, Lviv, Milan, Moscow, Prague, Warsaw and Zagreb pursued their own agendas of modernization. In order to solve their pressing problems with respect to urban planning and public health, they searched for best practices abroad. The solutions they gleaned from other cities were eclectic to fit the specific needs of a given urban space and were thus often innovative. This applied urban knowledge was generated through interurban networks and multi-directional exchanges. Yet in the period around 1900, this transnational municipalism often clashed with the forging of urban and national identities, highlighting the tensions between the universal and the local. This interurban perspective helps to overcome nationalist perspectives in historiography as well as outdated notions of "center and periphery." This volume will appeal to scholars from a large number of disciplines, including urban historians, historians of Eastern and Southern Europe, historians of science and medicine, and scholars interested in transnational connections.

Politics of Urban Knowledge

Bert De Munck,Jens Lachmund
Politics of Urban Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Bert De Munck,Jens Lachmund
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000852455

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Politics of Urban Knowledge by Bert De Munck,Jens Lachmund Pdf

This book uses 'politics of urban knowledge' as a lens to understand how professionals, administrations, scholars, and social movements have surveyed, evaluated and theorized the city, identified problems, and shaped and legitimized practical interventions in planning and administration. Urbanization has been accompanied, and partly shaped by, the formation of the city as a distinct domain of knowledge. This volume uses 'politics of urban knowledge' as a lens to develop a new perspective on urban history and urban planning history. Through case studies of mainly 19th and 20th century examples, the book demonstrates that urban knowledge is not simply a neutral means to represent cities as pre-existing entities, but rather the outcome of historically contingent processes and practices of urban actors addressing urban issues and the power relations in which they are embedded. It shows how urban knowledge-making has reshaped the categories, rationales, and techniques through which urban spaces were produced, governed and contested, and how the knowledge concerned became performative of newly emerging urban orders. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of urban history and urban studies, as well as the history of technology, science and knowledge and of science studies.

Natura Urbana

Matthew Gandy
Natura Urbana Book PDF

Author : Matthew Gandy
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-08
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780262367462

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Natura Urbana by Matthew Gandy Pdf

A study of urban nature that draws together different strands of urban ecology as well as insights derived from feminist, posthuman, and postcolonial thought. Postindustrial transitions and changing cultures of nature have produced an unprecedented degree of fascination with urban biodiversity. The “other nature” that flourishes in marginal urban spaces, at one remove from the controlled contours of metropolitan nature, is not the poor relation of rural flora and fauna. Indeed, these islands of biodiversity underline the porosity of the distinction between urban and rural. In Natura Urbana, Matthew Gandy explores urban nature as a multilayered material and symbolic entity, through the lens of urban ecology and the parallel study of diverse cultures of nature at a global scale. Gandy examines the articulation of alternative, and in some cases, counterhegemonic, sources of knowledge about urban nature produced by artists, writers, scientists, as well as curious citizens, including voices seldom heard in environmental discourse. The book is driven by Gandy’s fascination with spontaneous forms of urban nature ranging from postindustrial wastelands brimming with life to the return of such predators as wolves and leopards on the urban fringe. Gandy develops a critical synthesis between different strands of urban ecology and considers whether "urban political ecology," broadly defined, might be imaginatively extended to take fuller account of both the historiography of the ecological sciences,and recent insights derived from feminist, posthuman, and postcolonial thought.

Urban Resilience in a Global Context

Dorothee Brantz,Avi Sharma
Urban Resilience in a Global Context Book PDF

Author : Dorothee Brantz,Avi Sharma
Publisher : transcript Verlag
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783839450185

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Urban Resilience in a Global Context by Dorothee Brantz,Avi Sharma Pdf

Urban Resilience is seen by many as a tool to mitigate harm in times of extreme social, political, financial, and environmental stress. Despite its widespread usage, however, resilience is used in different ways by policy makers, activists, academics, and practitioners. Some see it as a key to unlocking a more stable and secure urban future in times of extreme global insecurity; for others, it is a neoliberal technology that marginalizes the voices of already marginal peoples. This volume moves beyond praise and critique by focusing on the actors, narratives and temporalities that define urban resilience in a global context. By exploring the past, present, and future of urban resilience, this volume unlocks the potential of this concept to build more sustainable, inclusive, and secure cities in the 21st century.

Planning for the Planet

Simone Schleper
Planning for the Planet Book PDF

Author : Simone Schleper
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781789202991

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Planning for the Planet by Simone Schleper Pdf

During the 1960s and 1970s, rapidly growing environmental awareness and concern created unprecedented demand for ecological expertise and novel challenges for ecological advocacy groups such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). This book reveals how, despite their vast scientific knowledge and their attempts to incorporate socially relevant themes, IUCN experts inevitably struggled to make global schemes for nature conservation a central concern for UNESCO, UNEP and other intergovernmental organizations.