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A powerful and profoundly moving novel of the civil war in Rwanda, told by men, women, and children on both sides Speak Rwanda by Julian R. Pierce marks the arrival of one of the most mesmerizing novels of the year. In vivid, sometimes horrifying, balanced, complex, and utterly believable chapters, it traces the linked lives of several characters--Hutu and Tutsi, soldiers and civilians, mothers, politicians, nurses, herdsmen, and orphaned children--as they try to survive one of the most violent and deeply disturbing acts of genocide since the Second World War. Through the course of the novel, some live and some die: by the end, the reader is fully involved in the lives of these people, and begins to see a faint glimmer of hope and the promise of peace.
In April-May 1994, 800,000 Rwandan Tutsis were massacred by their Hutu fellow citizens--about 10,000 a day, mostly being hacked to death by machete. In Machete Season, the veteran foreign correspondent Jean Hatzfeld reports on the results of his interviews with nine of the Hutu killers. They were all friends who came from a single region where they helped to kill 50,000 out of their 59,000 Tutsi neighbors, and all of them are now in prison, some awaiting execution. It is usually presumed that killers will not tell the truth about their brutal actions, but Hatzfeld elicited extraordinary testimony from these men about the genocide they had perpetrated. He rightly sees that their account raises as many questions as it answers. Adabert, Alphonse, Ignace, and the others (most of them farmers) told Hatzfeld how the work was given to them, what they thought about it, how they did it, and what their responses were to the bloodbath. "Killing is easier than farming," one says. "I got into it, no problem," says another. Each describes what it was like the first time he killed someone, what he felt like when he killed a mother and child, how he reacted when he killed a cordial acquaintance, how 'cutting' a person with a machete differed from 'cutting' a calf or a sugarcane. And they had plenty of time to tell Hatzfeld, too, about whether and why they had reconsidered their motives, their moral responsibility, their guilt, remorse, or indifference to the crimes. Hatzfeld's meditation on the banal, horrific testimony of the genocidaires and what it means is lucid, humane, and wise: he relates the Rwanda horror to war crimes and to other genocidal episodes in human history. Especially since the Holocaust, it has been conventional to presume that only depraved and monstrous evil incarnate could perpetrate such crimes, but it may be, he suggests, that such actions are within the realm of ordinary human conduct. To read this disturbing, enlightening and very brave book is to consider in a new light the foundation of human morality and ethics.
During what has become officially known as the genocide against the Tutsi, as many as one million Rwandan people were brutally massacred between April and July 1994. This book presents a critical study of fictional responses by authors inside and outside Rwanda to the 1994 genocide. Focusing on a large and original corpus of creative writing by African authors, including writers from Rwanda, Rwanda Genocide Stories: Fiction After 1994 examines the positionality of authors and their texts in relation to the genocide. How do issues of 'ethnicity', nationality, geographical location and family history affect the ways in which creative writers respond to what happened in 1994? And how do such factors lead to authors and their texts being positioned by others? The book is organized around the principal subject positions created by the genocide, categories that have particular connotations and have become fraught with political tension and ambiguity in the context of post-genocide Rwanda. Through analysis of the figures of tourists, witnesses, survivors, victims and perpetrators, the book identifies the ways in which readers of genocide stories are compelled to reevaluate their knowledge of Rwanda and take an active role in commemorative processes: as self-critical tourists, ethical witnesses, judges or culpable bystanders, we are encouraged to acknowledge and assume our own responsibility for what happened in 1994.
Teenage Refugees from Rwanda Speak Out by Aimable Twagilimana Pdf
Teenagers from Rwanda, both Hutu and Tutsi, describe the conditions in their war-torn country that led them to seek safety and new lives in the United States and Canada.
A sobering study of the troubled African nation, both pre- and post-genocide, and its uncertain future The brutal civil war between Hutu and Tutsi factions in Rwanda ended in 1994 when the Rwandan Patriotic Front came to power and embarked on an ambitious social, political, and economic project to remake the devastated central-east African nation. Susan Thomson, who witnessed the hostilities firsthand, has written a provocative modern history of the country, its rulers, and its people, covering the years prior to, during, and following the genocidal conflict. Thomson’s hard-hitting analysis explores the key political events that led to the ascendance of the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader, President Paul Kagame. This important and controversial study examines the country’s transition from war to reconciliation from the perspective of ordinary Rwandan citizens, Tutsi and Hutu alike, and raises serious questions about the stability of the current peace, the methods and motivations of the ruling regime and its troubling ties to the past, and the likelihood of a genocide-free future.
Historical Dictionary of Rwanda by Aimable Twagilimana Pdf
Blessed with natural beauty and rich vegetation, Rwanda is often called the 'land of a thousand hills' (le pays des mille collines). A proud people, the Banyarwanda (Rwandans) possess a centric view of the world, believing that Imana (God) favors Rwanda, as conveyed through the saying 'Imana yirirwa ahandi igataha i Rwanda' (God spends the day some place else but goes back home to Rwanda to sleep) and the fact that Rwanda means 'the universe.' However, this idyllic view of Rwanda sharply contrasts with the sad history of ethnic strife that has unfolded in the country since the 1950s: the 1959 Hutu Revolution followed by years of anti-Tutsi pogroms, undemocratic regimes, the civil war of 1990-1994, and, more significantly, the April-July 1994 genocide against the Tutsi and Hutu who opposed the killings. This new edition of Historical Dictionary of Rwanda, through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, maps, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, provides an important reference on this central African country.
Now into its eighth edition and written by Philip Briggs, the world’s leading author of African guidebooks, Bradt’s Rwanda has been the go-to guide for visitors to the ‘Land of a Thousand Hills’ for more than 20 years. Still the only standalone guide in English to this increasingly popular destination, it remains in a class of its own for in-depth information. With fresh research into developments across the country, Bradt’s Rwanda includes expanded coverage of Gishwati-Mukura National Park, which opened to tourism in 2021, and up-to-date details of rapidly modernising Kigali, considered Africa’s cleanest city. Rwanda continues to change and develop at an unprecedented pace – no country has a higher proportion of female parliamentarians – and there’s hardly a more accessible part of Africa. It’s no less intriguing for the convenience, however, and Rwanda’s superlative natural attractions constantly improve, with growing animal populations, as in Akagera National Park, where Africa’s Big Five (rhino, lion, leopard, elephant and buffalo) can be seen. This new edition also includes extensive maps and natural history information, while details of kayak and canoe excursions on Lake Kivu and the Mukungwa River complement advice about staying on tea plantations at Sorwathe or Gisovu. It contains everything you need to know about tracking mountain gorillas in Volcanoes National Park (workplace of primatologist Dian Fossey of Gorillas in the Mist fame) and chimpanzees in Nyungwe National Park (East Africa’s largest surviving montane forest, harbouring numerous endemic birds and primates) and Gishwati-Mukura (which is also the only location for the rare golden monkey outside the Virunga mountains). Also covered are Nyanza, with its hilltop Rukari King’s Palace Museum, and the Ethnographic Museum of Rwanda, the top cultural site in Butare (Huye). A chapter on nearby cities and national parks provides key necessary information to take an excursion into neighbouring DRC, including how to see lowland gorillas. As not only the most in-depth guide available in English, but also the guide with the longest history in the country itself, Bradt’s Rwanda is the indispensable companion for visitors, including wildlife enthusiasts and Africa aficionados.
The Heaven Test in Rwanda in 1994 by Germain Muhirwa Pdf
“For where two or more people are gathered together in my name; there am I in the middle of them: Matthew 18:20”. The 1994 Tutsis extermination developed over time and revealed how evil human beings can be! Rwanda was said to be like a “full glass of water if added even a drop would overthrow!” The exiled Tutsis were denied to return back home. The internal Tutsis were totally marginalized and taken on hostage by the majority Hutus. “Lord Almighty God allowed the October 1st, 1990 big war by the exiled Tutsis to defeat Satan as Rwanda had become sinful: Romans 3: 10-18.” The extremists Hutus sacrificed innocent Hutus with lies about the 1990 big war, which made the internal Tutsis the target for extermination as the exiled Tutsis chose Kigali as a destination! Only one motive was enough for Hutus to start Bagosora’ Apocalypse against Tutsis! The special killers known as “Interahamwe” and “Impuzamugambi were very well prepared and ready for the green light. The unexpected Habyarimana airplane crash on April 6th, 1994 became that motive, in which scenario nobody had ever imagined as Habyarimana used to call himself: “Ikinani” or “the invincible” as he was protected by France. This caused Hutus to prematurely put into action their “long-term” dream of Tutsis extermination from Rwanda. Over one million Tutsis, along with some thousands of Hutus of good hearts, got slaughtered to death just in a matter of 100 days! The killings spread rapidly due to hatred Hutus media such as the Kangura newspaper and the RTLM radio in which the Hutus were called on a daily basis to exterminate all the Tutsis from Rwanda. In 1982, the Blessed Virgin Mary openly warned Rwandans about all of these during her apparition, but Rwandans chose not to listen! The Hutus killed any Tutsi they could find; it was the who killed most Tutsis marathon or what I call the Tutsis killings “full-time job” during those 100 days! Thanks for your interest in my book and I would like to welcome you to visit my charity website: *** La prolongation de mon livre ce fait sur le site: www.emuhirwa.org ***
The authors explore the outlook of Rwanda in the context of development of East Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. They examine Rwanda's vision, achievements and uncertainties in terms of national unity, institutional leadership, the spectre of industrial policy and economic development,perceptions of civil society engagement, etc.
Rwanda After Genocide by Caroline Williamson Sinalo Pdf
Drawing on Rwandan genocide survivor testimonies, this book offers a new approach to psychological trauma that considers both the positive and negative consequences.
Provides an introduction to Rwanda, using a question-and-answer format that discusses land features, government, housing, transportation, industries, education, sports, art forms, holidays, food, and family life. Includes a map, facts, and charts.
Is writing about peace after the Rwandan Genocide self-defeating? Whether it is the intensity of the massacres, the popularity of the genocide, or the imaginary forms of cruelty, however one looks at it, everything in the Rwandan Genocide appears to defy once again the possibility of thinking peace anew. In order to address this problem, this book investigates the work of specific French and Rwandese philosophers in order to renew our understanding of peace today. Through this path-breaking investigation, peace no longer stands for an ideal in the future, but becomes a structure of inter-subjectivity that guarantees that the violence of language always prevails over any other form of violence. This book is the very first monograph in philosophy related to the events of 1994 in Rwanda. Jean-Paul Martinon is Programme Leader of the MPhil-PhD Programme in Visual Cultures at Goldsmiths College, University of London. He has written monographs on a Victorian workhouse (Swelling Grounds, Rear Window, 1995), the idea of the future in the work of Derrida, Malabou and Nancy (On Futurity, Palgrave, 2007), the temporal dimension of masculinity (The End of Man, Punctum, 2013), and the event of knowledge in museums (The Curatorial: A Philosophy of Curating, Bloomsbury, 2013). In each case, he writes in an attempt to make sense of time: its staging in museums, its advent, its gender, its neglect, the ethics that derive from it, and the way it is used and abused to structure human life. www.jeanpaulmartinon.net
Inside Rwanda's /Gacaca/ Courts by Bert Ingelaere Pdf
Comprehensively documents how local courts after the Rwandan genocide gradually shifted from confession to accusation, from restoration to retribution.
This book is an oral history-based study of the politics of history in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. Using life history and thematic interviews, the author brings the narratives of officials, survivors, returnees, perpetrators, and others whose lives have been intimately affected by genocide into conversation with scholarly studies of the Rwandan genocide, and Rwandan history more generally. In doing so, she explores the following questions: How do Rwandans use history to make sense of their experiences of genocide and related mass atrocities? And to what end? In the aftermath of such violence, how do people’s interpretations of the varied forms of suffering they endured then influence their ability to envision and support a peaceful future for their nation that includes multi-ethnic cooperation?