Stable Isotopes To Trace Migratory Birds And To Identify Harmful Diseases

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Stable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases

G.J. Viljoen,A.G. Luckins,I. Naletoski

Author : G.J. Viljoen,A.G. Luckins,I. Naletoski
Publisher : Springer
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319803190

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Stable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases by G.J. Viljoen,A.G. Luckins,I. Naletoski Pdf

This manuscript discusses the potentials of the approaches as mentioned below to monitor the AIVs in WMW. Molecular diagnostic platforms enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding, enabling non-invasive research on the epidemiology of the disease. Wild migratory waterfowl (WMW) play significant role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) on large distances. Understanding bird migrations may therefore significantly contribute towards understanding of the disease epidemiology, however most conventional approaches to trace WMW migrations are based on capturing, tagging (mostly ringing or GPS devices) and their re-capturing to link the departure and arrival places. Stable isotope ratios in metabolically inert tissues (feathers, beaks, claws) reflect the ratios present at the point of intake (drinking or feeding), thus enabling for tracing bird origins at stopover places. Molecular diagnostic platforms such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies (genetic sequencing) can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding. Simple and easy collection of feather and fecal samples at the stopover places may generate a full information package on which species of WMW carries the AIVs (PCR+DNA barcoding on the feces), as well as the origin of these species (SI+DNA barcoding on the feathers). Therefore, such approaches enable for research on the epidemiology and the ecology of the AIVs in WMW using a non-invasive platform, which does not require capturing of WMW. This manuscript discusses the potentials of these approaches to monitor the AIVs in WMW. p>

Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis

Maik A Jochmann,Torsten C Schmidt

Author : Maik A Jochmann,Torsten C Schmidt
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781782626107

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Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis by Maik A Jochmann,Torsten C Schmidt Pdf

The use of Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is increasing in many areas of science and technology for source allocation, authentication, and characterization of transformation reactions. Until now, there have been no textbooks available for students with an analytical chemical background or basic introductory books emphasising the instrumentation and theory. This book is the first to focus solely on stable isotope analysis of individual compounds in sometimes complex mixtures. It acts as both a lecture companion for students and a consultant for advanced scientists in fields including forensic and environmental science. The book starts with a brief history of the field before going on to explain stable isotopes from scratch. The different ways to express isotope abundances are introduced together with isotope effects and isotopic fractionation. A detailed account of the required technical equipment and general procedures for CSIA is provided. This includes sections on derivatization and the use of microextraction techniques in GC-IRMS. The very important topic of referencing and calibration in CSIA is clearly described. This differs from approaches used in quantitative analysis and is often difficult for the newcomer to comprehend. Examples of successful applications of CSIA in food authenticity, forensics, archaeology, doping control, environmental science, and extraterrestrial materials are included. Applications in isotope data treatment and presentation are also discussed and emphasis is placed on the general conclusions that can be drawn from the uses of CSIA. Further instrumental developments in the field are highlighted and selected experiments are introduced that may act as a basis for a short practical course at graduate level.

Stable Isotope Ecology

Brian Fry

Author : Brian Fry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2007-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387337456

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Stable Isotope Ecology by Brian Fry Pdf

A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.

Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments

Elżbieta Kalisińska

Author : Elżbieta Kalisińska
Publisher : Springer
Page : 708 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030001216

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Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments by Elżbieta Kalisińska Pdf

The population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.

Wild Birds and Avian Influenza

Darrell Whitworth,Scott Newman,Taej Mundkur,Phil Harris,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Author : Darrell Whitworth,Scott Newman,Taej Mundkur,Phil Harris,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 925105908X

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Wild Birds and Avian Influenza by Darrell Whitworth,Scott Newman,Taej Mundkur,Phil Harris,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strain has spread from domestic poultry to a large number of species of free-ranging wild birds, including non-migratory birds and migratory birds that can travel thousands of kilometers each year. The regular contact and interaction between poultry and wild birds has increased the urgency of understanding wild bird diseases and the transmission mechanisms that exist between the poultry and wild bird sectors, with a particular emphasis on avian influenza. Monitoring techniques, surveillance, habitat use and migration patterns are all important aspects of wildlife and disease ecology that need to be better understood to gain insights into disease transmission between these sectors. This manual contains chapters on the basic ecology of avian influenza and wild birds, capture and marking techniques (ringing, color marking and satellite telemetry), disease sampling procedures, and field survey and monitoring procedures.--Publisher's description.

Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes

Keith A. Hobson,Leonard I. Wassenaar

Author : Keith A. Hobson,Leonard I. Wassenaar
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780128147245

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Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes by Keith A. Hobson,Leonard I. Wassenaar Pdf

Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes, Second Edition, provides a complete introduction to new and powerful isotopic tools and applications that track animal migration, reviewing where isotope tracers fit in the modern toolbox of tracking methods. The book provides background information on a broad range of migration scenarios in terrestrial and aquatic systems and summarizes the most cutting-edge developments in the field that are revolutionizing the way migrant individuals and populations are assigned to their true origins. It allows undergraduates, graduate students and non-specialist scientists to adopt and apply isotopes to migration research, and also serves as a useful reference for scientists. The new edition thoroughly updates the information available to the reader on current applications of this technique and provides new tools for the isotopic assignment of individuals to origins, including geostatistical multi-isotope approaches and the ways in which researchers can combine isotopes with routine data in a Bayesian framework to provide best estimates of animal origins. Four new chapters include contributions on applications to the movements of terrestrial mammals, with particular emphasis on how aspects of animal physiology can influence stable isotope values. Includes an animal physiology component that is an in-depth overview of the cautions and caveats related to this technique Covers marine and aquatic isoscapes and methods to track marine organisms for researchers trying to apply isotopic tracking to animals in these environments Features state-of-the-art statistical treatments for assignment and combining diverse datasets

Isotopes

Rob Ellam

Author : Rob Ellam
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198723622

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Isotopes by Rob Ellam Pdf

Isotopes are used in many areas of science and technology, including medicine, archaeology, and nuclear physics. They are central to our understanding of the Earth's past and current processes. Here, Rob Ellam explains the importance and applications of stable and radioactive isotopes.

Birds of Two Worlds

Russell Greenberg,Peter P. Marra

Author : Russell Greenberg,Peter P. Marra
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2005-05-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0801881072

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Birds of Two Worlds by Russell Greenberg,Peter P. Marra Pdf

For centuries biologists have tried to understand the underpinnings of avian migration: where birds go and why, why some migrate and some do not, how they adapt to a changing environment, and how migratory systems evolve. Twenty-five years ago the answers to many of these questions were addressed by a collection of migration experts in Keast and Morton's classic work Migrant Birds in the Neotropics. In 1992, Hagan and Johnston published a follow-up book, Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds. In Birds of Two Worlds Russell Greenberg and Peter Marra bring together the world's experts on avian migration to discuss its ecology and evolution. The contributors move the discussion of migration to a global stage, looking at all avian migration systems and delving deeper into the evolutionary foundations of migratory behavior. Readers interested in the biology, behavior, ecology, and evolution of birds have waited a decade to see a worthy successor to the earlier classics. Birds of Two Worlds will complete the trilogy and become indispensable for ornithologists, evolutionary biologists, serious birders, and public and academic libraries.

Wildlife Disease Ecology

Kenneth Wilson,Andy Fenton,Dan Tompkins

Author : Kenneth Wilson,Andy Fenton,Dan Tompkins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781107136564

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Wildlife Disease Ecology by Kenneth Wilson,Andy Fenton,Dan Tompkins Pdf

Introduces readers to key case studies that illustrate how theory and data can be integrated to understand wildlife disease ecology.

Physiological Ecology

William H. Karasov,Carlos Martínez del Rio

Author : William H. Karasov,Carlos Martínez del Rio
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 758 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2007-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780691074535

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Physiological Ecology by William H. Karasov,Carlos Martínez del Rio Pdf

Unlocking the puzzle of how animals behave and how they interact with their environments is impossible without understanding the physiological processes that determine their use of food resources. But long overdue is a user-friendly introduction to the subject that systematically bridges the gap between physiology and ecology. Ecologists--for whom such knowledge can help clarify the consequences of global climate change, the biodiversity crisis, and pollution--often find themselves wading through an unwieldy, technically top-heavy literature. Here, William Karasov and Carlos Martínez del Rio present the first accessible and authoritative one-volume overview of the physiological and biochemical principles that shape how animals procure energy and nutrients and free themselves of toxins--and how this relates to broader ecological phenomena. After introducing primary concepts, the authors review the chemical ecology of food, and then discuss how animals digest and process food. Their broad view includes symbioses and extends even to ecosystem phenomena such as ecological stochiometry and toxicant biomagnification. They introduce key methods and illustrate principles with wide-ranging vertebrate and invertebrate examples. Uniquely, they also link the physiological mechanisms of resource use with ecological phenomena such as how and why animals choose what they eat and how they participate in the exchange of energy and materials in their biological communities. Thoroughly up-to-date and pointing the way to future research, Physiological Ecology is an essential new source for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students-and an ideal synthesis for professionals. The most accessible introduction to the physiological and biochemical principles that shape how animals use resources Unique in linking the physiological mechanisms of resource use with ecological phenomena An essential resource for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students An ideal overview for researchers

Bird Migration

Eberhard Gwinner

Author : Eberhard Gwinner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642745423

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Bird Migration by Eberhard Gwinner Pdf

E. GWINNER! The phenomenon of bird migration with its large scale dimensions has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Worldwide billions of birds leave their breeding grounds every autumn to migrate to areas with seasonally more favor able conditions. Many of these migrants travel only over a few hundred kilo meters but others cover distances equivalent to the circumference of the earth. Among these long-distance migrants are several billion birds that invade Africa every autumn from their West and Central Palaearctic breeding areas. In the Americas and in Asia the scope of bird migration is of a similar magnitude. Just as impressive as the numbers of birds are their achievements. They have to cope with the enormous energetic costs of long-distance flying. particularly while crossing oceans and deserts that do not allow replenishment of depleted fat reserves. They have to appropriately time the onset and end of migrations. both on a daily and annual basis. And finally. they have to orient their migratory movements in space to reach their species- or population-specific wintering and breeding grounds, irrespective of the variable climatic conditions along their migratory routes.

The Migration Ecology of Birds

Ian Newton

Author : Ian Newton
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 725 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128237526

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The Migration Ecology of Birds by Ian Newton Pdf

The Migration Ecology of Birds, Second Edition covers all aspects of this absorbing subject, including migratory processes, problems of navigation and vagrancy, timing and physiological control of migration, large-scale movement patterns, the effects of recent climate change, the problems that migrants face, and the factors that limit their populations. This book provides a thorough and in-depth review of the state of the science, with the text supplemented by abundant tables, maps and diagrams. Written by a world-renowned avian ecology and migration researcher, this book reveals the extraordinary adaptability of birds to the variable and changing conditions across the globe. This book represents the most updated and detailed review of bird migration, its evolution, ecology and bird physiology. Written in a clear and readable style, it will appeal not only to migration researchers in the field and ornithologists, but to anyone with an interest in this fascinating subject. Features updated and trending ecological aspects, including various types of bird movements, dispersal and nomadism, and how they relate to food supplies and other external conditions Contains numerous tables, maps, diagrams, a glossary, and a bibliography of more than 3,000 up-to-date references Written by an active researcher with a distinguished career in avian ecology, including migration research

Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science

Robert Michener,Kate Lajtha

Author : Robert Michener,Kate Lajtha
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470691175

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Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science by Robert Michener,Kate Lajtha Pdf

This book highlights new and emerging uses of stable isotope analysis in a variety of ecological disciplines. While the use of natural abundance isotopes in ecological research is now relatively standard, new techniques and ways of interpreting patterns are developing rapidly. The second edition of this book provides a thorough, up-to-date examination of these methods of research. As part of the Ecological Methods and Concepts series which provides the latest information on experimental techniques in ecology, this book looks at a wide range of techniques that use natural abundance isotopes to: follow whole ecosystem element cycling understand processes of soil organic matter formation follow the movement of water in whole watersheds understand the effects of pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments study extreme systems such as hydrothermal vents follow migrating organisms In each case, the book explains the background to the methodology, looks at the underlying principles and assumptions, and outlines the potential limitations and pitfalls. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science is an ideal resource for both ecologists who are new to isotopic analysis, and more experienced isotope ecologists interested in innovative techniques and pioneering new uses.

Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems

M.J. Unkovich

Author : M.J. Unkovich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07-31
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0792370783

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Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems by M.J. Unkovich Pdf

This book has a very strong practical orientation, telling readers what methodologies are available using stable isotopes, how studies should be designed and executed to maximise effectiveness and incisiveness in terms of data obtained and outcomes in terms of understanding events and processes in plant and ecosystem functioning. The readership is very much aimed toward postgraduates with good knowledge of general biological principles and underlying chemical and physical processes. Pre-existing knowledge of or experience in application and assay of stable isotopes is not required. The stable isotope research field is one of the most rapidly growing areas of ecophysiology and techniques using stable isotopes comprise an ever increasing component of research programs of university postgraduates and a wide range of agencies conducting environmental monitoring and rehabilitation programs. The book is tailor-made for such an audience.

Isotopes in Environmental Studies

International Atomic Energy Agency

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : International Atomic Energy Agency
Page : 740 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015069111626

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Isotopes in Environmental Studies by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

This publication presents the proceedings of the IAEA's International conference on isotopes in environmental studies - Aquatic Forum 2004 at which present state of the art isotopic methods for investigation of the aquatic environment were reviewed. The main subjects being considered were: i) behaviour, transport and distribution of isotopes in the aquatic environment; ii) climate change studies using isotopic records in the marine environment; iii) groundwater dynamics, modelling and management of freshwater sources; iv) important global projects; v) joint IAEA-UNESCO submarine groundwater investigations in the Mediterranean, the Southwest Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans; vi) new trends in radioecological investigations; vii) transfers in analytical technologies from bulk analyses to particle and compound specific analyses; viii) development of new isotopic techniques

Stable Isotopes To Trace Migratory Birds And To Identify Harmful Diseases

Stable Isotopes to Trace Migratory Birds and to Identify Harmful Diseases by G.J. Viljoen,A.G. Luckins,I. Naletoski Pdf

Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis by Maik A Jochmann,Torsten C Schmidt Pdf

Stable Isotope Ecology by Brian Fry Pdf

Mammals and Birds as Bioindicators of Trace Element Contaminations in Terrestrial Environments by Elżbieta Kalisińska Pdf

Wild Birds and Avian Influenza by Darrell Whitworth,Scott Newman,Taej Mundkur,Phil Harris,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes by Keith A. Hobson,Leonard I. Wassenaar Pdf

Isotopes by Rob Ellam Pdf

Birds of Two Worlds by Russell Greenberg,Peter P. Marra Pdf

Wildlife Disease Ecology by Kenneth Wilson,Andy Fenton,Dan Tompkins Pdf

Physiological Ecology by William H. Karasov,Carlos Martínez del Rio Pdf

Bird Migration by Eberhard Gwinner Pdf

The Migration Ecology of Birds by Ian Newton Pdf

Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science by Robert Michener,Kate Lajtha Pdf

Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems by M.J. Unkovich Pdf

Isotopes in Environmental Studies by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

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