State Owned Enterprises In Middle East North Africa And Central Asia Size Costs And Challenges

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State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges

Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo,Christine J. Richmond,Oluremi Akin Olugbade,Gareth Anderson,Maria Atamanchuk,Mr. Hatim Bukhari,Iacovos Ioannou,Deeksha Kale,Tannous Kass-Hanna,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Wei Shi,Joyce Wong
State Owned Enterprises in Middle East North Africa and Central Asia Size Costs and Challenges Book PDF

Author : Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo,Christine J. Richmond,Oluremi Akin Olugbade,Gareth Anderson,Maria Atamanchuk,Mr. Hatim Bukhari,Iacovos Ioannou,Deeksha Kale,Tannous Kass-Hanna,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Wei Shi,Joyce Wong
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513594088

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State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges by Mr. Ernesto Ramirez Rigo,Christine J. Richmond,Oluremi Akin Olugbade,Gareth Anderson,Maria Atamanchuk,Mr. Hatim Bukhari,Iacovos Ioannou,Deeksha Kale,Tannous Kass-Hanna,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Wei Shi,Joyce Wong Pdf

Prior to the COVID-19 shock, the key challenge facing policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia region was how to generate strong, sustainable, job-rich, inclusive growth. Post-COVID-19, this challenge has only grown given the additional reduction in fiscal space due to the crisis and the increased need to support the recovery. The sizable state-owned enterprise (SOE) footprint in the region, together with its cost to the government, call for revisiting the SOE sector to help open fiscal space and look for growth opportunities.

State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa Engines of Development and Competitiveness?

OECD
State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa Engines of Development and Competitiveness Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 125 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264202979

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State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa Engines of Development and Competitiveness? by OECD Pdf

This publication examines the contribution of MENA SOEs to industiral development, diversification, poverty elimination and the provision of goods and services to the public, and provides an overview of the diverse mandates and roles of MENA SOEs.

State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa

Merih Celasun
State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Merih Celasun
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134562343

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State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa by Merih Celasun Pdf

In the rapid world-wide spread of privatization, progress in the Middle East and North Africa region has been markedly slow. This volume argues that a high level of overstaffing in public enterprises and the inability of economies to create jobs fast enough is mainly responsible for this. An in-depth study of the facts and a well-supported conclusion makes this an impressive collection of work on a very pertinent subject.

Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia

Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa,Mr.Christoph Duenwald
Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia Book PDF

Author : Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa,Mr.Christoph Duenwald
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484336731

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Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia by Ms.Natalia T. Tamirisa,Mr.Christoph Duenwald Pdf

Analysis of policies for managing public sector wage bills in the Middle East and Central Asia region. While some work has been done recently at the Fund on issues related to government employment and compensation, to our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine, with a focus on the Middle East and Central Asia region, the recent trends and drivers of public wage bills in the region and to identify key policy implications.

Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia

Mr.Nicolas R Blancher,Maximiliano Appendino,Aidyn Bibolov,Mr.Armand Fouejieu,Mr.Jiawei Li,Anta Ndoye,Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou,Wei Shi,Tetyana Sydorenko
Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia Book PDF

Author : Mr.Nicolas R Blancher,Maximiliano Appendino,Aidyn Bibolov,Mr.Armand Fouejieu,Mr.Jiawei Li,Anta Ndoye,Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou,Wei Shi,Tetyana Sydorenko
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484383124

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Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia by Mr.Nicolas R Blancher,Maximiliano Appendino,Aidyn Bibolov,Mr.Armand Fouejieu,Mr.Jiawei Li,Anta Ndoye,Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou,Wei Shi,Tetyana Sydorenko Pdf

The importance of financial inclusion is increasingly recognized by policymakers around the world. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financial inclusion, in particular, is at the core of the economic diversification and growth challenges many countries are facing. In the Middle East and Central Asia (MENAP and CCA) regions, SMEs represent an important share of firms, but the regions lag most others in terms of SME access to financing.

Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia

International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Regional Economic Outlook Middle East and Central Asia Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400220654

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Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

In a worsening global environment, economies in the Middle East and Central Asia are being buffeted by a confluence of shocks: a global slowdown, high and volatile food and energy prices, faster and stronger than expected tightening of financial conditions, and the risk of fragmentation. The region’s emerging market and middle-income economies (EM&MIs) and low-income countries (LICs) are hit hard, with many facing curtailed access to market financing, while oil-exporting countries are being buffered by still-high energy prices. The adverse impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine on the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) has thus far been milder than expected. Still, the CCA’s strong ties to Russia entail substantial risks to the region’s outlook. The most urgent policy challenge for all countries is to tackle the cost-of-living crisis by restoring price stability, protecting vulnerable groups through targeted support, and ensuring food security. Policy trade-offs in EM&MIs and LICs have become more pronounced than ever, as they also need to preserve debt sustainability and financial stability. Oil exporters have the opportunity to maximize the benefits of the oil windfall by building buffers and advancing their diversification plans. CCA countries should carefully assess the magnitude and durability of the initial spillovers from the war in Ukraine and adjust their policy mix accordingly. Limited policy space in many countries raises the urgency of structural reforms to bolster economic growth while transforming economies to become more resilient, sustainable, diversified, and inclusive.

Managing Fiscal Risks in the Middle East and North Africa

Racheeda Boukezia,Jacques Charaoui,Jonas M Frank,Mahmoud Harb,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Nathalie Reyes,Mr. Patrick F Ryan,Alexander F. Tieman
Managing Fiscal Risks in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Racheeda Boukezia,Jacques Charaoui,Jonas M Frank,Mahmoud Harb,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Nathalie Reyes,Mr. Patrick F Ryan,Alexander F. Tieman
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400229886

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Managing Fiscal Risks in the Middle East and North Africa by Racheeda Boukezia,Jacques Charaoui,Jonas M Frank,Mahmoud Harb,Mr. Maximilien Queyranne,Nathalie Reyes,Mr. Patrick F Ryan,Alexander F. Tieman Pdf

Countries in the Middle East and North Africa are exposed to significant fiscal risks. This paper analyzes the sources of these fiscal risks in 17 low- and middle-income countries in the Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan region, excluding high-income Gulf countries (MENAPEG), and discusses avenues for reform to strengthen fiscal risk management. The materialization of fiscal risks in MENAPEG has been driven by macroeconomic shocks, contingent liabilities, and tail-risk events. The region has a track record of volatile economic growth and sharp exchange rate movements. High dependence on hydrocarbon revenue among MENAPEG oil and gas exporters and pervasive universal subsidies generate considerable budgetary exposure to swings in commodity prices. Substantial government involvement in the economy and large state ownership of firms and banks exposes several MENAPEG countries to contingent liabilities from state-owned enterprises and the financial sector. Lastly, the region’s history of social unrest and conflicts together with tail-risk events such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and natural disasters and climate change, have been important sources of fiscal risks. Many of the factors historically associated with the materialization of fiscal risks in MENAPEG countries are likely to remain sources of vulnerability in the future, raising the need for robust fiscal risk management frameworks. Policy reform can strengthen fiscal risk management in MENAPEG. This paper describes precedents where progress is made and provides a broad analytical framework for policymakers to build upon to fully embrace fiscal risk management in all its dimensions. Going forward, it is crucial for national authorities to enhance their capacity to identify, quantify, and assess risk factors and their budget’s exposure to them. This should be followed by thorough fiscal risk analysis to inform policy decisions to mitigate risks. Where risks cannot be mitigated or are judged to be acceptable, countries should consider adopting appropriate medium-term fiscal frameworks to build buffers to deal with them.

Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa

Mr. Roberto Cardarelli,Ms. Mercedes Vera-Martín,Mr. Subir Lall
Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Mr. Roberto Cardarelli,Ms. Mercedes Vera-Martín,Mr. Subir Lall
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400200038

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Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa by Mr. Roberto Cardarelli,Ms. Mercedes Vera-Martín,Mr. Subir Lall Pdf

Despite some pre-pandemic gains in poverty reduction, literacy, and lifespans, many economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have struggled to ensure that the benefits of economic development and diversification accrue equitably to all segments of their populations. Among the main issues that remain unresolved are the high share of inactive youth (who are not engaged in employment, education, or training); large gaps in economic opportunities for women; fragmented social protection systems; and underdeveloped private sectors with tight regulation, absence of a level playing field, and limited access to credit that stifle the creation of new firms and growth, employment, and incomes. The COVID-19 pandemic not only risks wiping out some of the progress made in the region over the past decades, but could also exacerbate inequality in a durable way. There is evidence that the impact of the pandemic has been uneven across groups, with the recession having a disproportionate effect on the low-skilled, the young, women, and migrant workers in employment and incomes. With widespread inequality, high unemployment, and the expected entry of 27 million young people into the labor force over the next 10 years, countries across the MENA region need to evolve their economic models to boost job creation and make sure that the benefits of economic development are shared more widely among all their citizens. This book’s objective is to reassess the inclusive growth agenda in the MENA region in light of the rapidly changing pandemic-influenced world. It argues that countries need to embrace global trade and technological advances and evolving demographics at home as an opportunity to successfully implement policies that foster higher and more inclusive growth. It underscores that a return to the old social contract is neither desirable nor feasible. The book presents a comprehensive view of policies suited to the regional context that would boost job-rich and inclusive growth within a resilient macroeconomic policy framework. Its goal is to provide guidance to policymakers in the region to frame how best to promote inclusive growth, including in their engagement with all stakeholders.

An Infrastructure Governance Approach to Fiscal Management in State-Owned Enterprises and Public–Private Partnerships

Asian Development Bank
An Infrastructure Governance Approach to Fiscal Management in State Owned Enterprises and Public Private Partnerships Book PDF

Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789292697617

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An Infrastructure Governance Approach to Fiscal Management in State-Owned Enterprises and Public–Private Partnerships by Asian Development Bank Pdf

This report identifies key governance challenges in the management of fiscal risks and contingent liabilities in Asia and the Pacific arising from public investments through public–private partnerships and state-owned enterprises. It highlights the importance of investment in quality infrastructure to overcome the trilemma of the overall infrastructure investment gap, limited fiscal space, and increasing debt. It shows that such investments need to be efficient—that is, they need to provide the right infrastructure delivering maximum economic benefits at the lowest cost. The report sets out practical insights as a resource for decision-makers.

Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Middle East and Central Asia: Trade-Offs Today for Transformation Tomorrow

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.
Regional Economic Outlook October 2021 Middle East and Central Asia Trade Offs Today for Transformation Tomorrow Book PDF

Author : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513592770

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Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Middle East and Central Asia: Trade-Offs Today for Transformation Tomorrow by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. Pdf

A fragile recovery continues in the Middle East and Central Asia region. The region has made good progress since the beginning of the year, but new challenges have emerged. They include a pandemic wave in countries with weak vaccination progress and rising inflation, which has contributed to declining monetary policy space, adding to the difficulties posed by limited fiscal policy space. Additionally, divergent recoveries and concerns about economic scarring persist. Inequities are also on the rise, and countries will need to tackle the pandemic’s impact on debt, labor markets, and the corporate sector. Countries will face difficult tradeoffs amid this challenging environment as they continue to manage the current crisis. Ramping up vaccine acquisition and distribution remains the most urgent short-term priority. Additional support should be well targeted, and central banks may need to raise interest rates if inflation expectations start to increase. Improving policy frameworks will be important to reduce policy tradeoffs. Preparing for a new chapter by investing in a transformational recovery will be vital to the region’s future. Important priorities include reorienting the role of the state toward health, education, and social safety nets; leveraging global trends like digitalization; and investing in climate-resilient technology.

OECD Economic Surveys: Egypt 2024

OECD
OECD Economic Surveys Egypt 2024 Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-02-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264804814

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OECD Economic Surveys: Egypt 2024 by OECD Pdf

Growth has held up better in Egypt than in neighbouring countries until recently but inflation has reached very high levels and financing conditions have tightened along with foreign currency shortages. In this context, Egypt is stepping up economic reform efforts.

The Business of the State

World Bank
The Business of the State Book PDF

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819995

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The Business of the State by World Bank Pdf

The state, as an owner of businesses, competes and collaborates with the private sector, and this involvement has profound implications for investment and growth. Governments actively participate in commercial markets in different forms, from controlling the production of goods and services to investing in firms as a minority shareholder. The impact of state participation on an economy's growth depends on the type of public-private ownership, the types of markets, and the importance of those markets in the economy. The impact also depends on how policies and institutions regulate both the businesses with state ownership and the markets in which they are active. The Business of the State uses new evidence covering 91 countries from the World Bank's Global Businesses of the State database to highlight the distinction between businesses of the state and traditionally understood state-owned enterprises. The report analyzes how different ownership forms across sectors and institutional settings affect private investment, productivity, technology adoption, and job creation. It also analyzes how government participation in markets influences the ability of economies to respond to shocks, from pandemics to climate change. The report proposes a clear analytical framework for understanding the consequences of relying on businesses of the state to attain specific development goals.

Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa

Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich,MissRanda Sab,Mr.Younes Zouhar,Ms.Giorgia Albertin
Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich,MissRanda Sab,Mr.Younes Zouhar,Ms.Giorgia Albertin
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781498348461

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Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa by Mr.Carlo A. Sdralevich,MissRanda Sab,Mr.Younes Zouhar,Ms.Giorgia Albertin Pdf

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.

Feeling the Heat: Adapting to Climate Change in the Middle East and Central Asia

Mr. Christoph Duenwald,Mr. Yasser Abdih,Mrs. Kerstin Gerling,Vahram Stepanyan,Abdullah Al-Hassan,Gareth Anderson,Ms. Anja Baum,Mr. Sergejs Saksonovs,Lamiae Agoumi,Chen Chen,Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi,Sahra Sakha,Faten Saliba,Jesus Sanchez
Feeling the Heat Adapting to Climate Change in the Middle East and Central Asia Book PDF

Author : Mr. Christoph Duenwald,Mr. Yasser Abdih,Mrs. Kerstin Gerling,Vahram Stepanyan,Abdullah Al-Hassan,Gareth Anderson,Ms. Anja Baum,Mr. Sergejs Saksonovs,Lamiae Agoumi,Chen Chen,Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi,Sahra Sakha,Faten Saliba,Jesus Sanchez
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513591094

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Feeling the Heat: Adapting to Climate Change in the Middle East and Central Asia by Mr. Christoph Duenwald,Mr. Yasser Abdih,Mrs. Kerstin Gerling,Vahram Stepanyan,Abdullah Al-Hassan,Gareth Anderson,Ms. Anja Baum,Mr. Sergejs Saksonovs,Lamiae Agoumi,Chen Chen,Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi,Sahra Sakha,Faten Saliba,Jesus Sanchez Pdf

Climate change is among humanity’s greatest challenges, and the Middle East and Central Asia region is on the frontlines of its human, economic, and physical ramifications. Much of the region is located in already difficult climate zones, where global warming exacerbates desertification, water stress, and rising sea levels. This trend entails fundamental economic disruptions, endangers food security, and undermines public health, with ripple effects on poverty and inequality, displacement, and conflict. Considering the risks posed by climate change, the central message of this departmental paper is that adapting to climate change by boosting resilience to climate stresses and disasters is a critical priority for the region’s economies.

Preparing Financial Sectors for a Green Future

Bozena Radzewicz-Bak,Jérôme Vacher,Gareth Anderson,Filippo Gori,Mahmoud Harb,Ms. Yevgeniya Korniyenko,Ms. Jiayi Ma,Moheb T Malak,Ms. Dorothy Nampewo,Sahra Sakha
Preparing Financial Sectors for a Green Future Book PDF

Author : Bozena Radzewicz-Bak,Jérôme Vacher,Gareth Anderson,Filippo Gori,Mahmoud Harb,Ms. Yevgeniya Korniyenko,Ms. Jiayi Ma,Moheb T Malak,Ms. Dorothy Nampewo,Sahra Sakha
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2024-02-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400255250

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Preparing Financial Sectors for a Green Future by Bozena Radzewicz-Bak,Jérôme Vacher,Gareth Anderson,Filippo Gori,Mahmoud Harb,Ms. Yevgeniya Korniyenko,Ms. Jiayi Ma,Moheb T Malak,Ms. Dorothy Nampewo,Sahra Sakha Pdf

The financial sectors of the Middle East and Central Asia (ME&CA) countries should play an important role in supporting climate-related policies for the region. The sectors are vulnerable to downside risks from climate-related shocks and at the same time offer the potential to help fill the financing gap for needed adaptation and mitigation strategies. Successful approaches to climate change in the region therefore need to coherently integrate financial sector strategies within the overall policy framework to meet this important challenge. To this end, policymakers must ensure that financial sectors are prepared for a green future. This means enhancing the resilience of banks to physical and transition risks from climate change and boosting the capacity of insurance sectors to speed recovery from climate-related disasters and help offset economic costs. Moreover, policies are needed to foster an enabling environment for private green finance, attract investment from other official entities, such as sovereign wealth funds (SWF), and facilitate support from international financial institutions and multilateral development banks. In the near term, policy efforts should center around better understanding and measuring climate-related risks. This includes prioritizing the implementation of methodologies for quantifying and reporting such risks, promoting their transparent disclosure by financial institutions, and strengthening frameworks for their forecasting and analyzing. Over the medium term, governments can play an important role in supporting green finance through incentives and market mechanisms, phasing-out energy subsidies, and introducing new tools and markets (such as carbon pricing frameworks), which can stimulate demand for investment in green technologies. The paper offers a unique regional perspective on climate risks in ME&CA's financial sectors and outlines the road ahead in transitioning to a green future. It is the first to evaluate the impact of climate change on banking institutions in the region and assess the capacity of insurance in mitigating climate-related damages and losses. It contributes to the existing literature by synthesizing the size and nature of regional financing needs for adaptation and mitigation and discussing both opportunities and challenges for the development of green finance. The paper's policy recommendations provide guidance to policymakers on how to develop regulatory responses to enhance financial sustainability amid climate change risks.