Stem Cell Epigenetics

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128140857

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Stem Cell Epigenetics by Anonim Pdf

Stem Cell Epigenetics, Volume 16, examines how epigenetics are involved in stem cell differentiation, how a stem cell rapidly transitions into a molecularly distinct cell type, and how this process may be reversed or managed via epigenetic reprogramming. Topics discussed include chromatin in pluripotency, epigenetic regulation of reprogramming, stem cells and DNA methylation, histone modifications in stem cells and differentiation, higher-order chromatin conformation in pluripotent cells, epigenetics and disease modeling, organoids from pluripotent cells, transcriptional regulation in stem cells and differentiation, non-coding RNAs in pluripotency and early differentiation, and diseases caused by epigenetic alterations in stem cells. Additionally, the potential implementation of stem cell epigenetics in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment is discussed in detail, helping researchers and physicians bring this exciting and fast evolving field to the clinic. Provides genetic researchers, students and physicians with evidence indicating the epigenetic mechanisms involved in stem cell differentiation Highlights the specific characteristics of the epigenetic modifications and misregulations that may result in disease pathogenesis Examines the potential application of stem cell epigenetics towards developing therapeutic interventions for disease and advancing regenerative medicine Features chapter contributions by leading international experts

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128148808

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Epigenetics and Regeneration by Anonim Pdf

Epigenetics and Regeneration compiles the first foundational reference on epigenetic mechanisms governing tissue development, repair, homeostasis, and regeneration, as well as pathways to employ these mechanisms in clinical practice and translational science. In this book, life science researchers, clinicians, and students will discover an interdisciplinary resource bringing together common themes in the field, background overviews, research methods, recent advances, and opportunities for drug discovery. Throughout this volume, special attention is paid to pre-clinical and first clinical studies aimed at increasing the regenerative potential of damaged tissues by epigenetic drugs, as well as innovative, discipline spanning strategies to enhance cell reprogramming. As an all-inclusive, evidence-based volume, Epigenetics and Regeneration will stimulate discussion and boost new research in this fascinating and impactful area of translational epigenetics. Provides a foundational overview of epigenetics in regenerative medicine Examines epigenetic components of tissue regeneration for a variety of organ systems and tissue types, as well as current attempts to employ these mechanisms in clinical practice Offers researchers, students, clinicians, and pharmacologists the tools they need to enhance tissue development, repair, homeostasis, and regeneration and explore new epigenetic therapeutic pathways Features chapter contributions from leading international researchers and clinicians in the fields of epigenetics and regenerative medicine

Author : Alexander Meissner,Jörn Walter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642319747

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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cellular Reprogramming by Alexander Meissner,Jörn Walter Pdf

The ability of a single genome to give rise to hundreds of functionally distinct cell type programs is in itself remarkable. Pioneering studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that this plasticity is retained throughout development, a phenomenon of epigenetic programming and reprogramming that remains one of the most fascinating areas of modern biology, with major relevance to human health and disease. This book presents the basic biology involved, including key mechanistic insights into this rapidly growing field.

Author : Yoshimasa Saito
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-10
Category : Biology (General)
ISBN : 9782889193455

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Alterations of Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cell by Yoshimasa Saito Pdf

Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoter and histone modification such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies. Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and to generate mature cells of various tissues through differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation, which is defined as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, suggesting that these cells are important targets of cancer therapy. DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNAs may be deeply involved in stem-like properties in cancer cells. Restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs by chromatin modifying drugs may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer stem cells. In this Research Topic, we discuss about alterations of epigenetics and miRNAs in cancer and cancer stem cell and understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of cancer stem cell, which may provide a novel insight for treatment of refractory cancer.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123914552

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Epigenetics and Development by Anonim Pdf

This new volume of Current Topics in Developmental Biology covers epigenetics and development, with contributions from an international board of authors. The chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as epigenetic marking of the zebrafish developmental program, functions of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in mammalian development, and reprogramming and the pluripotent stem cell cycle. Covers the area of epigenetics and development International board of authors Provides a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as epigenetic marking of the zebrafish developmental program, functions of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in mammalian development, and reprogramming and the pluripotent stem cell cycle

Author : Justin Ainscough,Shinya Yamanaka,Takashi Tada
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 161779225X

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Nuclear Reprogramming and Stem Cells by Justin Ainscough,Shinya Yamanaka,Takashi Tada Pdf

Research into the field of stem cell biology has developed exponentially over recent years, and is beginning to offer significant promise for unravelling the molecular basis of a multitude of disease states. Importantly, in addition to offering the opportunity to delve deeply into the mechanisms that drive disease aetiology the research is realistically opening the doors for development of targeted and personalized therapeutic applications that many considered, until recently, to be nothing more that a far fetched dream. This volume provides a timely glimpse into the methods that have been developed to instigate, and the mechanisms that have been identified to drive, the process of nuclear reprogramming, chronicling how the field has developed over the last 50-60 years. Since the early 1950s a small number of notable experiments have provided significant impetus to the field, primarily the demonstration of reprogramming ability, first by the complex cytoplasmic milieu that constitutes the amphibian egg, then that of the mammalian egg, and finally that of the mammalian embryonic stem cell. Most recently, the demonstration that a limited pool of defined molecules is capable of reprogramming a multitude of cell types has provided massive impetus and facilitated transition towards realistic therapeutic application. We have therefore reproduced some of the key articles that elegantly document these dramatic stages of development of the field in an inclusive appendix to the book, for the benefit of readers keen to investigate the history of how the field of stem cell biology has evolved. Owing to the ever broadening nature of this field, and the incredible rate at which it is evolving, the main content of this volume focuses on areas that have shown significant movement in recent years, are most likely to translate into personalized therapeutic application, and thus provide greatest potential for significant impact on human health in the not too distant future. We recognize that research into many other disease states and cell types are all equally worthy of discussion. We would therefore like to acknowledge those researchers involved whose work we have not been able to include in this volume. Nuclear Reprogramming and Stem Cells will serve as a valuable resource for all researchers in the field of stem cell biology, including those just setting out on their career path as well as those already established in the field.

Author : Vivi M. Heine,Stephanie Dooves,Dwayne Holmes,Judith Wagner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2011-11-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400728166

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Brain Diseases by Vivi M. Heine,Stephanie Dooves,Dwayne Holmes,Judith Wagner Pdf

Brain diseases can have a large impact on patients and society, and treatment is often not available. A new approach in which somatic cells are reprogrammed into induced pluripotent cells (iPS cells) is a significant breakthrough for regenerative medicine. This promises patient-specific tissue for replacement therapies, as well as disease-specific cells for developmental modeling and drug treatment screening. However, this method faces issues of low reprogramming efficiency, and poorly defined criteria for determining the conversion of one cell type to another. Cells contain epigenetic “memories” of what they were that can affect reprogramming. This book discusses the various methods to reprogram cells, the control and determination of cell identity, the epigenetic models that have emerged and the application of iPS cell therapy for brain diseases, in particular Parkinson’s disease and Vanishing White Matter (VWM).​

Author : Gang Pei
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811974199

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Epigenetic Mechanisms of Cell Programming and Reprogramming by Gang Pei Pdf

This book presents a major research program on epigenetic mechanisms of cell programming and reprogramming. The program was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, which was started in October 2008 and concluded at the end of 2016. It first summarizes the epigenetic research plans and the current situation of epigenetic research in China and the international frontier. With the application of interdisciplinary research methods, the book discusses the development trends of epigenetic research, such as mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of epigenetic information and epigenetic regulation on reproduction and development. It also presents a variety of research achievements. For example, the discovery of new epigenetic regulators and chromatin remodulaters and their biological functions and mechanisms are highlighted. Several regulation mechanisms of cell differentiation and trans-differentiation are discussed, especially the discovery of the key factors to promote the trans-differentiation of somatic cells to hepatocytes. In addition, this book puts forward some key academic fields with increasing importance, such as biochemistry, cell biology, and clinical medicine. Given its scope, the book is of interest to researchers who work in cell biology, biochemistry, structural biology, bioinformatics, clinical medicine, and other related fields.

Author : Raul Delgado-Morales
Publisher : Springer
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319906959

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Stem Cell Genetics for Biomedical Research by Raul Delgado-Morales Pdf

This book looks at where stem cell technology is presently and how it is instrumental in advancing the field of disease modeling and cell transplantation. By focusing on major human disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and heart disorders, the book summarizes the major findings in the field of human stem cells and dissect the current limitations on our understanding of stem cells biology. The chapters focus on the genetics, genomics, epigenetics and physiology of stem cells models, together with technological advances on molecular biology such as CRISPR/Cas9 or epigenetic editing, that will be instrumental in the future of human disease modeling and treatment. In base of the limitations of current disease models and in front of the unmet necessity of finding therapeutical interventions for human disorders, the availability of stem cell technology has opened new doors for several fields. The unlimited self-renewal capacity and more extensive differentiation potential of stem cells offers a theoretically inexhaustible and replenishable source of any cell subtype. Since Professor Shinya Yamanaka described it, 10 years ago in his seminal paper, that somatic cells could be reprogrammed to inducible stem cells (iPSC) just by expressing four transcription factors, the field of has exploded, especially its applications in biomedical research.

Author : Federico Calegari,Claudia Waskow
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014-02-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482207767

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Stem Cells: From Basic Research to Therapy, Volume 1 by Federico Calegari,Claudia Waskow Pdf

The first volume of Stem Cells deals with the fundamental principles that govern embryonic and somatic stem cell biology. Historically, the identification and characterization of such pathways and general rules of stemness occurred during embryonic development and Volume I reflects this with topics spanning cell cycle regulation, epigenetics, and a

Author : Lyle Armstrong
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000319736

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Epigenetics by Lyle Armstrong Pdf

The concept of epigenetics has been known about since the 1940s, but it is only in the last 10 years that research has shown just how wide ranging its effects are. It is now a very widely-used term, but there is still a lot of confusion surrounding what it actually is and does.Epigenetics is a new textbook that brings together the structure and mac

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : HEALTH & FITNESS
ISBN : 1536111414

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Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations that Drive Leukemic Stem Cell Self-renewal by Anonim Pdf

Author : Tapas Kumar Kundu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400745254

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Epigenetics: Development and Disease by Tapas Kumar Kundu Pdf

Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.

Author : Nessa Carey
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231530712

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The Epigenetics Revolution by Nessa Carey Pdf

Epigenetics can potentially revolutionize our understanding of the structure and behavior of biological life on Earth. It explains why mapping an organism's genetic code is not enough to determine how it develops or acts and shows how nurture combines with nature to engineer biological diversity. Surveying the twenty-year history of the field while also highlighting its latest findings and innovations, this volume provides a readily understandable introduction to the foundations of epigenetics. Nessa Carey, a leading epigenetics researcher, connects the field's arguments to such diverse phenomena as how ants and queen bees control their colonies; why tortoiseshell cats are always female; why some plants need cold weather before they can flower; and how our bodies age and develop disease. Reaching beyond biology, epigenetics now informs work on drug addiction, the long-term effects of famine, and the physical and psychological consequences of childhood trauma. Carey concludes with a discussion of the future directions for this research and its ability to improve human health and well-being.

Author : Robert A. Meyers
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1259 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527668625

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Epigenetic Regulation and Epigenomics by Robert A. Meyers Pdf

Epigenetics is a term in biology referring to heritable traits that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism. Epigenetic traits exist on top of or in addition to the traditional molecular basis for inheritance. The "epigenome" is a parallel to the word "genome," and refers to the overall epigenetic state of a cell. Cancer and stem cell research have gradually focused attention on these genome modifications. The molecular basis of epigenetics involves modifications to DNA and the chromatin proteins that associate with it. Methylation, for example, can silence a nearby gene and seems to be involved in some cancers. Epigenetics is beginning to form and take shape as a new scientific discipline, which will have a major impact on Medicine and essentially all fields of biology. Increasingly, researchers are unearthing links between epigenetics and a number of diseases. Although in recent years cancer has been the main focus of epigenetics, recent data suggests that epigenetic plays a critical role in psychology and psychopathology. It is being realized that normal behaviors such as maternal care and pathologies such as Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's might have an epigenetic basis. It is also becoming clear that nutrition and life experiences have epigenetic consequences. Discover more online content in the Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine.