Subcritical Brain The A Synergy Of Segregated Neural Circuits In Memory Cognition And Sensorimotor Control

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Subcritical Brain, The: A Synergy Of Segregated Neural Circuits In Memory, Cognition And Sensorimotor Control

Yoram Baram
Subcritical Brain The A Synergy Of Segregated Neural Circuits In Memory Cognition And Sensorimotor Control Book PDF

Author : Yoram Baram
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811233111

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Subcritical Brain, The: A Synergy Of Segregated Neural Circuits In Memory, Cognition And Sensorimotor Control by Yoram Baram Pdf

Have over a hundred years of brain research revealed all its secrets? This book is motivated by a realization that cortical structure and behavior can be explained by a synergy of seemingly different mathematical notions: global attractors, which define non-invertible neural firing rate dynamics, random graphs, which define connectivity of neural circuit, and prime numbers, which define the dimension and category of cortical operation. Quantum computation is shown to ratify the main conclusion of the book: loosely connected small neural circuits facilitate higher information storage and processing capacities than highly connected large circuits. While these essentially separate mathematical notions have not been commonly involved in the evolution of neuroscience, they are shown in this book to be strongly inter-related in the cortical arena. Furthermore, neurophysiological experiments, as well as observations of natural behavior and evidence found in medical testing of neurologically impaired patients, are shown to support, and to be supported by the mathematical findings.Related Link(s)

The Subcritical Brain

Yoram Baram
The Subcritical Brain Book PDF

Author : Yoram Baram
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9811233101

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The Subcritical Brain by Yoram Baram Pdf

"Have over a hundred years of brain research revealed all its secrets? This book is motivated by the realization that the mathematical theory of dynamical systems underlies cortical behavior. This realization is further enhanced by the synergy of seemingly different mathematical notions: global attractors, which define non-invertible neural firing rate dynamics, random graphs, which define connectivity of neural circuit and prime numbers, which define the dimension and category of cortical operation. Quantum computation is shown to ratify the main conclusion of the book: loosely connected small neural circuits facilitate higher information storage and processing capacities than highly connected large circuits. While these notions have not been commonly involved in the evolution of neuroscience, they are shown in this book to play a fundamental role in the description of cortical behavior. Furthermore, neurophysiological experiments, as well as observations of natural behavior and evidence found in medical testing of neurologically impaired patients, are shown to support, and to be supported by the mathematical findings"--

Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language

Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese
Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language Book PDF

Author : Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2002-12-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789027297082

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Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language by Maxim I. Stamenov,Vittorio Gallese Pdf

The emergence of language, social intelligence, and tool development are what made homo sapiens sapiens differentiate itself from all other biological species in the world. The use of language and the management of social and instrumental skills imply an awareness of intention and the consideration that one faces another individual with an attitude analogical to that of one’s own. The metaphor of ‘mirror’ aptly comes to mind.Recent investigations have shown that the human ability to ‘mirror’ other’s actions originates in the brain at a much deeper level than phenomenal awareness. A new class of neurons has been discovered in the premotor area of the monkey brain: ‘mirror neurons’. Quite remarkably, they are tuned to fire to the enaction as well as observation of specific classes of behavior: fine manual actions and actions performed by mouth. They become activated independent of the agent, be it the self or a third person whose action is observed. The activation in mirror neurons is automatic and binds the observation and enaction of some behavior by the self or by the observed other. The peculiar first-to-third-person ‘intersubjectivity’ of the performance of mirror neurons and their surprising complementarity to the functioning of strategic communicative face-to-face (first-to-second person) interaction may shed new light on the functional architecture of conscious vs. unconscious mental processes and the relationship between behavioral and communicative action in monkeys, primates, and humans. The present volume discusses the nature of mirror neurons as presented by the research team of Prof. Giacomo Rizzolatti (University of Parma), who originally discovered them, and the implications to our understanding of the evolution of brain, mind and communicative interaction in non-human primates and man.(Series B)

The Functional Role of Critical Dynamics in Neural Systems

Nergis Tomen,J. Michael Herrmann,Udo Ernst
The Functional Role of Critical Dynamics in Neural Systems Book PDF

Author : Nergis Tomen,J. Michael Herrmann,Udo Ernst
Publisher : Springer
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030209650

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The Functional Role of Critical Dynamics in Neural Systems by Nergis Tomen,J. Michael Herrmann,Udo Ernst Pdf

This book offers a timely overview of theories and methods developed by an authoritative group of researchers to understand the link between criticality and brain functioning. Cortical information processing in particular and brain function in general rely heavily on the collective dynamics of neurons and networks distributed over many brain areas. A key concept for characterizing and understanding brain dynamics is the idea that networks operate near a critical state, which offers several potential benefits for computation and information processing. However, there is still a large gap between research on criticality and understanding brain function. For example, cortical networks are not homogeneous but highly structured, they are not in a state of spontaneous activation but strongly driven by changing external stimuli, and they process information with respect to behavioral goals. So far the questions relating to how critical dynamics may support computation in this complex setting, and whether they can outperform other information processing schemes remain open. Based on the workshop “Dynamical Network States, Criticality and Cortical Function", held in March 2017 at the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK) in Delmenhorst, Germany, the book provides readers with extensive information on these topics, as well as tools and ideas to answer the above-mentioned questions. It is meant for physicists, computational and systems neuroscientists, and biologists.

The Human Advantage

Suzana Herculano-Houzel
The Human Advantage Book PDF

Author : Suzana Herculano-Houzel
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262333207

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The Human Advantage by Suzana Herculano-Houzel Pdf

Why our human brains are awesome, and how we left our cousins, the great apes, behind: a tale of neurons and calories, and cooking. Humans are awesome. Our brains are gigantic, seven times larger than they should be for the size of our bodies. The human brain uses 25% of all the energy the body requires each day. And it became enormous in a very short amount of time in evolution, allowing us to leave our cousins, the great apes, behind. So the human brain is special, right? Wrong, according to Suzana Herculano-Houzel. Humans have developed cognitive abilities that outstrip those of all other animals, but not because we are evolutionary outliers. The human brain was not singled out to become amazing in its own exclusive way, and it never stopped being a primate brain. If we are not an exception to the rules of evolution, then what is the source of the human advantage? Herculano-Houzel shows that it is not the size of our brain that matters but the fact that we have more neurons in the cerebral cortex than any other animal, thanks to our ancestors' invention, some 1.5 million years ago, of a more efficient way to obtain calories: cooking. Because we are primates, ingesting more calories in less time made possible the rapid acquisition of a huge number of neurons in the still fairly small cerebral cortex—the part of the brain responsible for finding patterns, reasoning, developing technology, and passing it on through culture. Herculano-Houzel shows us how she came to these conclusions—making “brain soup” to determine the number of neurons in the brain, for example, and bringing animal brains in a suitcase through customs. The Human Advantage is an engaging and original look at how we became remarkable without ever being special.

An Introduction to Transfer Entropy

Terry Bossomaier,Lionel Barnett,Michael Harré,Joseph T. Lizier
An Introduction to Transfer Entropy Book PDF

Author : Terry Bossomaier,Lionel Barnett,Michael Harré,Joseph T. Lizier
Publisher : Springer
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319432229

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An Introduction to Transfer Entropy by Terry Bossomaier,Lionel Barnett,Michael Harré,Joseph T. Lizier Pdf

This book considers a relatively new metric in complex systems, transfer entropy, derived from a series of measurements, usually a time series. After a qualitative introduction and a chapter that explains the key ideas from statistics required to understand the text, the authors then present information theory and transfer entropy in depth. A key feature of the approach is the authors' work to show the relationship between information flow and complexity. The later chapters demonstrate information transfer in canonical systems, and applications, for example in neuroscience and in finance. The book will be of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the areas of computer science, neuroscience, physics, and engineering.

The Singularity Is Near

Ray Kurzweil
The Singularity Is Near Book PDF

Author : Ray Kurzweil
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 672 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2005-09-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781101218884

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The Singularity Is Near by Ray Kurzweil Pdf

“Startling in scope and bravado.” —Janet Maslin, The New York Times “Artfully envisions a breathtakingly better world.” —Los Angeles Times “Elaborate, smart and persuasive.” —The Boston Globe “A pleasure to read.” —The Wall Street Journal One of CBS News’s Best Fall Books of 2005 • Among St Louis Post-Dispatch’s Best Nonfiction Books of 2005 • One of Amazon.com’s Best Science Books of 2005 A radical and optimistic view of the future course of human development from the bestselling author of How to Create a Mind and The Singularity is Nearer who Bill Gates calls “the best person I know at predicting the future of artificial intelligence” For over three decades, Ray Kurzweil has been one of the most respected and provocative advocates of the role of technology in our future. In his classic The Age of Spiritual Machines, he argued that computers would soon rival the full range of human intelligence at its best. Now he examines the next step in this inexorable evolutionary process: the union of human and machine, in which the knowledge and skills embedded in our brains will be combined with the vastly greater capacity, speed, and knowledge-sharing ability of our creations.

Model Selection and Multimodel Inference

Kenneth P. Burnham,David R. Anderson
Model Selection and Multimodel Inference Book PDF

Author : Kenneth P. Burnham,David R. Anderson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780387224565

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Model Selection and Multimodel Inference by Kenneth P. Burnham,David R. Anderson Pdf

A unique and comprehensive text on the philosophy of model-based data analysis and strategy for the analysis of empirical data. The book introduces information theoretic approaches and focuses critical attention on a priori modeling and the selection of a good approximating model that best represents the inference supported by the data. It contains several new approaches to estimating model selection uncertainty and incorporating selection uncertainty into estimates of precision. An array of examples is given to illustrate various technical issues. The text has been written for biologists and statisticians using models for making inferences from empirical data.

Topological Geometrodynamics

Matti Pitkanen
Topological Geometrodynamics Book PDF

Author : Matti Pitkanen
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 1235 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781681081793

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Topological Geometrodynamics by Matti Pitkanen Pdf

Topological geometrodynamics (TGD) is a modification of the theory of general relativity inspired by the problems related to the definition of inertial and gravitational energies in the earlier hypotheses. TGD is also a generalization of super string models. TGD brings forth an elegant theoretical projection of reality and builds upon the work by renowned scientists (Wheeler, Feynman, Penrose, Einstein, Josephson to name a few). In TGD, Physical space-time planes are visualized as four-dimensional surfaces in a certain 8-dimensional space (H). The choice of H is fixed by symmetries of standard model and leads to a geometric mapping of known classical fields and elementary particle numbers. TGD differs from Einstein’s geometrodynamics in the way space-time planes or ‘sheets’ are lumped together. Extending the theory based on fusing number concepts implies a further generalisation of the space-time concept allowing the identification of space-time correlates of cognition and intentionality. Additionally, zero energy ontology forces an extension of quantum measurement theory to a theory of consciousness and a hierarchy of phases is identified. Dark matter is thus predicted with far reaching implications for the understanding of consciousness and living systems. Therefore, it sets a solid foundation for modeling our universe in geometric terms. Topological Geometrodynamics: An Overview explains basic and advanced concepts about TGD. The book covers introductory information and classical TGD concepts before delving into twistor-space theory, particle physics, infinite-dimensional spinor geometry, generalized number theory, Planck constants, and the applications of TGD theory in research. The book is a valuable guide to TDG theory for researchers and advanced graduates in theoretical physics and cosmology.

Coordination: Neural, Behavioral and Social Dynamics

Armin Fuchs,Viktor K. Jirsa
Coordination Neural Behavioral and Social Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Armin Fuchs,Viktor K. Jirsa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007-12-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540744795

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Coordination: Neural, Behavioral and Social Dynamics by Armin Fuchs,Viktor K. Jirsa Pdf

One of the most striking features of Coordination Dynamics is its interdisciplinary character. The problems we are trying to solve in this field range from behavioral phenomena of interlimb coordination and coordination between stimuli and movements (perception-action tasks) through neural activation patterns that can be observed during these tasks to clinical applications and social behavior. It is not surprising that close collaboration among scientists from different fields as psychology, kinesiology, neurology and even physics are imperative to deal with the enormous difficulties we are facing when we try to understand a system as complex as the human brain. The chapters in this volume are not simply write-ups of the lectures given by the experts at the meeting but are written in a way that they give sufficient introductory information to be comprehensible and useful for all interested scientists and students.

Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope (Second Edition)

Shawn Graham,Ian Milligan,Scott B Weingart,Kimberley Martin
Exploring Big Historical Data The Historian s Macroscope Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Shawn Graham,Ian Milligan,Scott B Weingart,Kimberley Martin
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811243059

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Exploring Big Historical Data: The Historian's Macroscope (Second Edition) by Shawn Graham,Ian Milligan,Scott B Weingart,Kimberley Martin Pdf

Every day, more and more kinds of historical data become available, opening exciting new avenues of inquiry but also new challenges. This updated and expanded book describes and demonstrates the ways these data can be explored to construct cultural heritage knowledge, for research and in teaching and learning. It helps humanities scholars to grasp Big Data in order to do their work, whether that means understanding the underlying algorithms at work in search engines or designing and using their own tools to process large amounts of information.Demonstrating what digital tools have to offer and also what 'digital' does to how we understand the past, the authors introduce the many different tools and developing approaches in Big Data for historical and humanistic scholarship, show how to use them, what to be wary of, and discuss the kinds of questions and new perspectives this new macroscopic perspective opens up. Originally authored 'live' online with ongoing feedback from the wider digital history community, Exploring Big Historical Data breaks new ground and sets the direction for the conversation into the future.Exploring Big Historical Data should be the go-to resource for undergraduate and graduate students confronted by a vast corpus of data, and researchers encountering these methods for the first time. It will also offer a helping hand to the interested individual seeking to make sense of genealogical data or digitized newspapers, and even the local historical society who are trying to see the value in digitizing their holdings.

Felt Time

Marc Wittmann
Felt Time Book PDF

Author : Marc Wittmann
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262034029

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Felt Time by Marc Wittmann Pdf

An expert explores the riddle of subjective time, from why time speeds up as we grow older to the connection between time and consciousness.

What Is Artificial Intelligence?: A Conversation Between An Ai Engineer And A Humanities Researcher

Suman Gupta,Peter H Tu
What Is Artificial Intelligence A Conversation Between An Ai Engineer And A Humanities Researcher Book PDF

Author : Suman Gupta,Peter H Tu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781786348654

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What Is Artificial Intelligence?: A Conversation Between An Ai Engineer And A Humanities Researcher by Suman Gupta,Peter H Tu Pdf

'A light-hearted, but engaging conversation about one of the key technologies of our age.I recommend this book to anyone interested in the broader issues around Artificial Intelligence.'Richard HartleyAustralian National University, Australia This book engages with the title question: what is artificial intelligence (AI)? Instead of reiterating received definitions or surveying the field from a disciplinary perspective, the question is engaged here by putting two standpoints into conversation. The standpoints are different in their disciplinary groundings — i.e. technology and the humanities — and also in their approaches — i.e. applied and conceptual. Peter is an AI engineer: his approach is in terms of how to make AI work. Suman is a humanities researcher: his approach is in terms of what people and academics mean when they say 'AI'.A coherent argument, if not a consensus, develops by putting the two standpoints into conversation. The conversation is presented in 32 short chapters, in turn by Suman and Peter. There are two parts: Part 1, Questioning AI, and Part 2, AI and Government Policy. The first part covers issues such as the meaning of intelligence, automation, evolution, artificial and language. It outlines some of the processes through which these concepts may be technologically grounded as AI. The second part addresses policy considerations that underpin the development of AI and responds to the consequences. Themes taken up here include: rights and responsibilities; data usage and state-level strategies in the USA, UK and China; unemployment and policy futures.

Big Data And The Computable Society: Algorithms And People In The Digital World

Talia Domenico
Big Data And The Computable Society Algorithms And People In The Digital World Book PDF

Author : Talia Domenico
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781786346933

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Big Data And The Computable Society: Algorithms And People In The Digital World by Talia Domenico Pdf

Data and algorithms are changing our life. The awareness of importance and pervasiveness of the digital revolution is the primary element from which to start a path of knowledge to grasp what is happening in the world of big data and digital innovation and to understand these impacts on our minds and relationships between people, traceability and the computability of behavior of individuals and social organizations.This book analyses contemporary and future issues related to big data, algorithms, data analysis, artificial intelligence and the internet. It introduces and discusses relationships between digital technologies and power, the role of the pervasive algorithms in our life and the risk of technological alienation, the relationships between the use of big data, the privacy of citizens and the exercise of democracy, the techniques of artificial intelligence and their impact on the labor world, the Industry 4.0 at the time of the Internet of Things, social media, open data and public innovation.Each chapter raises a set of questions and answers to help the reader to know the key issues in the enormous maze that the tools of info-communication have built around us.

Veterans and Agent Orange

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Tenth Biennial Update)
Veterans and Agent Orange Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Tenth Biennial Update)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 1115 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309380669

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Veterans and Agent Orange by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Tenth Biennial Update) Pdf

From 1962 to 1971, the US military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academy of Sciences was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014 is a cumulative report of the series thus far.