Subsidies To Chinese Industry

Author : Usha C.V. Haley,George T. Haley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199339785

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Subsidies to Chinese Industry by Usha C.V. Haley,George T. Haley Pdf

How did China move so swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to the largest manufacturer and exporter in the world? This book argues that subsidies contributed significantly to China's success. Industrial subsidies in key Chinese manufacturing industries may exceed thirty percent of industrial output. Economic theories have mostly portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses and governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets; the flows of capital reflect struggles between critical Chinese actors including central and provincial governments. Concepts of state capitalism including market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder, create complex and relevant understandings of Chinese subsidies. The authors develop independent measures of industrial subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time and effects on world industry: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and for protection from subsidized foreign competitors and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The subsidized solar industry highlights how global business strategies and decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).

Author : Usha C. V. Haley,George T. Haley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Capitalism
ISBN : 0199332576

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Subsidies to Chinese Industry by Usha C. V. Haley,George T. Haley Pdf

How did China move swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to largest manufacturer and exporter? This book argues that industrial subsidies contributed significantly. Economic theories have portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses, central and provincial governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets. Concepts of state capitalism include market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder. The authors measure subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth and effects of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and protection from subsidized foreign competitors, and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The solar industry highlights how decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).

Author : Rich Marino
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351039802

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Chinese Trade by Rich Marino Pdf

There’s no question, compared to the advanced economies China’s economic growth rates have been spectacular, but in most instances the economic analysts tend to forget that a large part of China’s growth has been dictated by government industrial subsidies. How did China go from a bit player overnight to the largest exporter in the world in capital-intensive industries? This book shows that government subsidies play a big part in China’s success. Government subsidies include those to basic industries: energy (coal, electricity, natural gas and heavy oil), steel, glass, paper, auto parts, solar and more. A lot has been written about China’s trade practices with the West, but none of this work addresses the real unsustainable dilemma. Much of the current literature discusses the problems but doesn’t explain the root cause of China’s lopsided trade practices with the West or explain in detail how China finances its government subsidies, with nothing written that explains that China’s subsidized exports to the United States and European Union are basically self-funded by its enormous trade surplus with the West. A trade surplus represents a net inflow of domestic currency from foreign markets and is the opposite of a trade deficit, which would represent a net outflow. Moreover, this is the only book that describes China’s current trade practices with the West as a zero sum game at the expense of the West. This book provides two solutions to this endless quagmire: an increase in Western exports to China so that China and the West have more of an equal trade balance, or a very steep reduction of China’s exports to the West.

Author : Hong Sheng,Nong Zhao
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814383844

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China's State-owned Enterprises by Hong Sheng,Nong Zhao Pdf

The Nature, the Performance, and the Reform of State-owned Enterprises provides a detailed description of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China with respect to both efficiency and income distribution. It shows that state ownership in the form of SOEs does not use resources efficiently and has a poor record in income distribution. Moreover, SOEs are found to enjoy unfair advantages in their competition with other firms. To illustrate the point, the book presents data revealing how favored policies, monopolistic powers, and subsidies benefit SOEs. These advantages are worth several trillion yuans a year. It is a sad irony that such wealth of the people is used to beef up the revenues of the SOEs, making their accounts look much better than they should be.This book, with its rich empirical data and information, is an authoritative reference for researchers interested in SOEs. It is also a good read for students of social sciences and the public to learn more about SOEs.

Author : Hua Wang,Ming Chen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Bendigo (Vic.)
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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How the Chinese System of Charges and Subsidies Affects Pollution Control Efforts by China's Top Industrial Polluters by Hua Wang,Ming Chen Pdf

China's unique combination of emissions charges and pollution abatement subsidies has given China's most heavily polluting industrial firms incentive to invest in pollution abatement.

Author : Li Ping,Jiang Feitao,Cao Jianhai
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789813277298

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Industrial Overcapacity And Duplicate Construction In China: Reasons And Solutions by Li Ping,Jiang Feitao,Cao Jianhai Pdf

Since 2012, industrial overcapacity has become an increasingly serious problem in China, against the backdrop of domestic economic slowdown and continued downturn in international markets. Overcapacity is widespread in the traditional manufacturing sector, particularly in iron and steel, cement, electrolytic aluminium, flat glass, and ship-building industries. It is also grave in emerging industries such as polysilicon, solar cells, and wind power equipment.This book provides an overview on the overcapacity problem facing China and examines the main characteristics of overcapacity in some important industries. The book identifies two types of overcapacity: one is excess capacity that results from natural supply-demand dynamics or cyclical economic fluctuations under a relatively sound market system; the other is overcapacity caused by the overinvestment of enterprises under a flawed economic system. It probes into how overcapacity is caused and finds two contributors — change of growth model and institutional flaws. It explores to establish a long-term mechanism for solving the problem. The book concludes that China should establish a long-term mechanism to prevent and resolve overcapacity, and to establish healthy relationship between the market and the government.

Author : Senate of the United States of America,U S - China Security Review Commission,U S Government
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1080392688

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U.S. Tools to Address Chinese Market Distortions - Trump Administration Tariffs, Response to Chinese State Capitalism Industrial Policy Subsidies, Investment Restrictions, IP Theft, WTO Disputes by Senate of the United States of America,U S - China Security Review Commission,U S Government Pdf

This important report compilation contains the testimony of eight renowned experts at a hearing in 2018 exploring U.S. policy options available to address Chinese market distortions. The first panel, "A Coordinated Policy Response to Chinese State Capitalism," addressed industrial policy challenges like subsidies, price distortions, and investment restrictions. The second panel, "A Coordinated Policy Response to China's Techno-nationalism," focused on challenges from China's push to develop domestic-led intellectual property, including technology transfer, IP or data theft, and restrictions on cross-border data flows.Panel I: A Coordinated Policy Response to Chinese State Capitalism * 1. Chad Bown, Ph.D. Reginald Jones Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics; former Senior Economist for International Trade and Investment, White House Council of Economic Advisors * 2. Linda Dempsey VP, International Affairs and Economic Policy, National Association of Manufacturers * 3. Celeste Drake, Trade and Globalization Policy Specialist, AFL-CIO * 4. Jennifer A. Hillman, Professor from Practice, Georgetown Law School; former Member, WTO Appellate Body * Panel II: A Coordinated Policy Response to China's Techno-nationalism * 5. Lee Branstetter, Ph.D. Professor of Economics and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University; former Senior Economist for International Trade and Investment, President's Council of Economic Advisors * 6. Mark Cohen, Head of the Asia IP Project, University of California at Berkeley; former Senior Counsel, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office * 7. Willy Shih, Ph.D., Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Management Practice in Business Administration, Harvard Business School * 8. Graham Webster, China Digital Economy Fellow at New America; Senior Fellow, Paul Tsai China Center at Yale Law SchoolThe circumstances certainly surrounding China's accession to the WTO were distinctive if not unique. China acceded on the grounds it wouldn't immediately comply with all requirements but would increasingly be able to do so over time. Prior to its accession, China had enacted sweeping and painful reforms to state-owned enterprises. And its leadership used the WTO to expand China's integration with global markets and devolve government control in many industries.But those positive circumstances have changed. China's President Xi Jinping has called for renewed centralization of economic and political authority under the government and the Party, writing that "East, West, North, or South, the Party leads everything." Though the global economy has been driven in part by China as a growth engine, the Chinese government continues to use tariff and non-tariff barriers, like investment restrictions and government subsidies, to block access to China's domestic market and tilt the playing field in favor of Chinese companies. These barriers are actually compounded by two imperatives for Chinese leadership. First, they seek to promote China's economic transition to higher value-added industries, requiring technological innovation to boost wages and productivity. Now, in theory, this would entail firm investments in R&D and government support for scientific research, education, and human capital. In practice, it's often incorporated theft of foreign intellectual property, cyber espionage, and requests to transfer technology at the expense of American and other foreign companies. Second, the Chinese government has published targets encouraging domestic companies to be internationally competitive, not only in low-cost manufacturers but in more sophisticated products and services. And Chinese government subsidies that have led to steel overcapacity may lead to high export volumes of electric cars, of lithium-ion batteries, and semiconductors.

Author : Ross Garnaut,Ligang Song
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781922144553

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China by Ross Garnaut,Ligang Song Pdf

Twenty-five years of reform have transformed China from a centrally planned and closed system to a predominantly market-driven and open economy. As a consequence, China is emerging as the new powerhouse for the world economy. China: new engine for world growth discusses the impact and significance of this transformation. It points out risks to the growth process and unfinished tasks of reform. It presents conclusions from recent research on growth, trade and investment, the financial sector, income and regional disparities, industrial location and private sector development.

Author : Nicholas R. Lardy
Publisher : Peterson Institute
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : China
ISBN : 9780881326475

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Sustaining China's Economic Growth After the Global Financial Crisis by Nicholas R. Lardy Pdf

Author : Justin Yifu Lin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521191807

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Demystifying the Chinese Economy by Justin Yifu Lin Pdf

An insightful account of the remarkable transition of the Chinese economy from impoverished backwater to economic powerhouse.

Author : U. S. -China Economic and Security Review Commission,Createspace Independent Pub
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1475293100

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Chinese State-Owned Enterprises and U. S. -China Bilateral Investment by U. S. -China Economic and Security Review Commission,Createspace Independent Pub Pdf

Today's hearing will examine three aspects of China's economic policy. The first is China's state-owned or state-controlled companies and industries, which together constitute an estimated 30 to 40 percent of China's economy. These companies, generally the largest ones in China, are operated and managed by the central government of the People's Republic. They are an instrument of state power as well as the centerpiece of China's industrial policy. They receive massive government subsidies and are protected from competition from foreign companies. But, we also need to understand what other Chinese entities are doing - not a simple task. Beyond the state-owned or state-invested enterprises, there are companies that act under the direction of the state or with delegated authority. We need to understand the implications of their efforts. Two separate panels will examine U.S. direct investment in China and Chinese direct investment in the United States. Both forms of investment have been increasing, especially U.S. investment in China. As you will hear, more than half of the imports to the United States are from foreign invested enterprises in China.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 780 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Shipbuilding industry
ISBN : 9628565419

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World Shipyards by Anonim Pdf

Author : Chinese Academy of Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on U.S.-China Cooperation on Electricity from Renewable Resources
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309160001

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The Power of Renewables by Chinese Academy of Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on U.S.-China Cooperation on Electricity from Renewable Resources Pdf

The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.

Author : Maddison Angus
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1998-09-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264163553

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Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run by Maddison Angus Pdf

The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China.

Author : Harvard Business Review
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
Page : 837 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781633699304

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HBR Guides to Building Your Strategic Skills Collection (3 Books) by Harvard Business Review Pdf

If you aren't working with a strategy, you're wasting your time. Strategy isn't just a set of plans handed down from the C-suite. To grow as a leader, you need to understand your company's strategy and align your thinking, projects, and team with organizational goals and vision. Master these abilities with the HBR Guides to Building Your Strategic Skills Collection. This three-book set, which includes the HBR Guide to Thinking Strategically, the HBR Guide to Managing Strategic Initiatives, and the HBR Guide to Setting Your Strategy, will help you change the way you think about your work, manage your most important priorities, and craft a strategy for long-term growth. You'll learn how to: Understand what strategy is--and what it isn't Define a clear strategy, whether you're in a start-up or in an established business Manage a portfolio of strategic projects Embed strategic thinking into your daily tasks and decision making Align your team around key objectives Let go of work that doesn’t add value Communicate strategy throughout your organization Arm yourself with the advice you need to succeed on the job, with the most trusted brand in business. Packed with how-to essentials from leading experts, the HBR Guides provide smart answers to your most pressing work challenges.