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Monograph on the hidden economy and income tax evasion partic. In the USA and Western Europe - discusses the definition (incl. Income from "drug" trade, clandestine employment, theft, organised crime, barter, etc.), and impact of excessive public expenditure, complicated tax systems and high tax rates, inept fiscal administration, bureaucracy, inflation, multinational enterprises, Euromarkets, tax havens and support of banks, comments on economic legislation, and suggests fiscal policy guidelines. References.
Subterranean Or Underground Economy by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee Pdf
The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad by Vito Tanzi Pdf
Monograph which aims to measure the second economy of moonlighting in the USA and the relative importance of the black economy to a nation's economic well-being. Other countries dealt with are: United Kingdom, USSR, Italy, Norway, Colombia, Canada etc., all contributed by various authors.
The Underground Economy by Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) Pdf
From the back cover: The papers in this ground breaking book constitute a unique collection of information about the underground economy and how it is manifested in a variety of countries. Section One attempts to measure Canada's underground economic activity and provides a specific estimate of the impact that tax changes have on its size. It also looks at the problems of tax evasion and tax avoidance. Section Two deals with the size of the underground substance economy, the legal aspects of tlhe underground economy in the United States, and an asseeement of the economic activities of the Mafia. Section Three analyzes the underground economy abroad, specifically in the United States, Britain, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Russia and China. The fourth section returns to Canada and examines some policy implications of the underground economy. A survey detailed in Section One shows that a majority of Canadians believe that they do not receive enough benefits for the taxation they pay. Section Four offers a solution to the problem of tax evasion and underground economic activity; the adoption of user fees and user taxes.
The Economics of the Shadow Economy by W. Gaertner,A. Wenig Pdf
Robbery, larceny, blackmail, fraud, and other crimes with economic motives are likely to be as old as mankind, and the evasion of taxes and economic regulations can be assumed to begin with the introduction of taxes and economic regulations. Thus the shadow economy is certain ly not a new phenomenon. However, economists did not pay much attention to it until quite recently. P. GUTMANN in his pioneering article "The Subterranean Economy" (Financial Analysts Journal, Nov/Dec 1977, p. 24- 27) was first to point out that unreported economic activity cannot (or, at least, can no longer) be considered as a "quantite negligeable". Challenged by GUTMANN's hypothesis many economists have then tried to assess the quantitative and qualitative importance of the shadow economy (commonly also known as the underground, or subterranean, or black, or unreported economy, and by other names). There seems to be wide agreement nowadays that the shadow economy has not only reached a substantial portion of total economic activity in both Eastern and Western countries but that it is also growing at rates which can no longer be experienced in the official sector. The existence of a considerable volume of unreported economic activities implies that important macroeconomic variables are biased in the official statistics. The rate of unemployment, for example, may be over-estimated while production figures, on the other hand, tend to be underrated. The government could thus be mislead and choose inadequate policies.
Sociologists and political economists typically have seen underground economies as isolated aberrations in the capitalist system, brought on by the extreme situations of wartime restrictions or excessive taxes. In Off the Books Bruce Wiegand draws a general theory of underground economies and their essential relations to the economic mainstream.
Invisible, Outlawed, and Untaxed by Harry I Greenfield Pdf
This work examines America's growing underground economy--its size, nature, and economic effects. The study begins with a critical analysis of the various methods used for measuring the size of the underground economy in the United States. It then develops a definition of the underground economy which is consistent with our system of national accounts. A sector-by-sector approach is used to measure the actual size of this sub-economy and to estimate the labor force involved. Finally, the author explores the economic consequences for the general economy of significant underground economic activity--for example: tax evasion, economic efficiency, and cyclical aspects. This work will be of interest to scholars, students, and policy-makers in economics, economic policy, political science, and criminology.
The Underground Economy in the United States by Anonim Pdf
Analyses underground economic activities in the US based on information available for the period from the late 1970s through the mid- 1980s. Based in part on national survey data on households, tax compliance studies and microeconomic sectoral studies.
In the fantastical, gaslit underground city of Recoletta, oligarchs from foreign states and revolutionaries from the farming communes vie for power in the wake of the city’s coup. The dark, forbidden knowledge of how the city came to be founded has been released into the world for all to read, and now someone must pay. Inspector Liesl Malone is on her toes, trying to keep the peace, and Arnault’s spy ring is more active than ever. Has the city’s increased access to knowledge put the citizens in even more danger? Allegiances change, long-held beliefs are adjusted, and things are about to get messy. File Under: Fantasy [ Buried Cities / Secrets & Lies / Revolutionary / Total War ]
