Successful Conversion To Unleaded Gasoline In Thailand

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Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand

Philip Sayeg
Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand Book PDF

Author : Philip Sayeg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1998-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821342398

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Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand by Philip Sayeg Pdf

The Government of Thailand within a five-year period (1991-95) introduced a series of initiatives that resulted in the elimination of leaded gasoline and reduction of ambient lead by a factor of 10. This report describes the strategies the government employed: educating about the dangers of airborne lead; setting a lower at-pump price for unleaded gasoline; helping the oil companies establish a system to distribute unleaded gasoline throughout the country; conducting monitoring and follow-up studies; and adjusting environmental regulations as necessary to support these policies.

Institutional Frameworks in Successful Water Markets

Manuel Mari©?o,Karin E. Kemper
Institutional Frameworks in Successful Water Markets Book PDF

Author : Manuel Mari©?o,Karin E. Kemper
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0821344595

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Institutional Frameworks in Successful Water Markets by Manuel Mari©?o,Karin E. Kemper Pdf

Water is increasingly recognized as a scarce resource that must be managed more efficiently than in the past. In addition to physical scarcity, the cost of accessing these resources is climbing. This publication explores institutional frameworks in three case studies of long-standing and successful water markets. These cases demonstrate the common features and essential elements of water markets. They also show how to design markets that consider the local institutional, social, and political conditions and how to integrate those markets into existing water resource management arrangements. The papers are written for practitioners interested in how water markets operate, for decisionmakers faced with the challenge of selecting a water resource allocation system, and for academics interested in analytical-descriptive case studies that provide information on how to conceptualize the functioning of water markets from an institutional perspective.

Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Roy L. Prosterman,Timothy M. Hanstad
Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia Book PDF

Author : Roy L. Prosterman,Timothy M. Hanstad
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 082134501X

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Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia by Roy L. Prosterman,Timothy M. Hanstad Pdf

"Excessive concentration of land ownership, as is feared by many transition governments, has not been a feature of land markets where they have been allowed to function relatively freely and where land has been allocated in kind to households and individuals."The World Bank has long been active in the Europe and Central Asia region in monitoring and evaluating land reform developments and supporting the development of land markets. Bank efforts to date have made a significant impact in our client countries, and studies produced by the Bank have been used as impartial references on this subject by both international organizations and the countries themselves. This report was developed as a result of these efforts. It focuses on: • The principal issues faced by the transition economies of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union • The potential approaches for resolving specific problem issues.

A Guide to the World Bank

Anonim
A Guide to the World Bank Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821353446

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A Guide to the World Bank by Anonim Pdf

The World Bank Group works in more than 100 developing economies and is one of the world's largest sources of development assistance. In 2002, the institution provided US $19.5 billion in loans to its client countries. This guide reviews the organisation's history, objectives and operations, and looks at the five institutions that make up the World Bank Group: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

T. Rand,J. Haukohl,U. Marxen
Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Book PDF

Author : T. Rand,J. Haukohl,U. Marxen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821346687

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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration by T. Rand,J. Haukohl,U. Marxen Pdf

Ever increasing amounts of solid waste and dwindling space for disposal is a problem reaching crisis level in many of the world's largest urban areas. Incineration as an alternative to landfill has come under scrutiny, though the capital and operating costs generally exceed those associated with landfill. This report provides background information for the "Decision-maker' guide to municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration". Key criteria for a solid waste incineration scheme are identified, and the report gives decision makers information on how to investigate and assess the degree to which they are fulfilled.

From Transition to Accession

Esen Ulgenerk,Leila Zlaoui
From Transition to Accession Book PDF

Author : Esen Ulgenerk,Leila Zlaoui
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821347810

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From Transition to Accession by Esen Ulgenerk,Leila Zlaoui Pdf

Bulgaria is recovering from a severe economic and financial crisis after more than half a decade of macroeconomic mismanagement. As a candidate country for accession to the EU, Bulgaria will need to establish stable, well-regulated and competitive financial markets and institutions. This paper reviews developments in the financial markets.

Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic

Csaba Csáki,Michel Debatisse,Oskar Honisch
Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic Book PDF

Author : Csaba Csáki,Michel Debatisse,Oskar Honisch
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0821345028

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Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic by Csaba Csáki,Michel Debatisse,Oskar Honisch Pdf

"Becoming a member of the European Union is one of the most important objectives of the Czech Republic for the coming years, both for the government, and for the Czech society as a whole." With the exception of a few traditional Czech products, the Czech Republic is not a major exporter of agricultural goods due to its land-locked position and relatively poor product differentiation. Since the "velvet revolution" in 1989, agricultural production has declined. To conform to European Union standards for accession, the Czech Republic needs to make some adjustments. This report reviews the current state of Czech agriculture and agro-industry in the context of EU accession. It analyzes institutional reforms and their actual impacts and proposes a series of adjustments to complete the reforms in the agricultural sector. This report is intended for agricultural scientists, public officials, agricultural and agro-industrial leaders, and researchers interested in the transformation of agriculture in the transition economies and in issues pertaining to accession of Central and East European candidate countries to the European Union.

Poverty and Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean

Quentin Wodon,Robert L. Ayres
Poverty and Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean Book PDF

Author : Quentin Wodon,Robert L. Ayres
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0821347543

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Poverty and Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean by Quentin Wodon,Robert L. Ayres Pdf

Although the progress toward poverty reduction remains sluggish, other dimensions of social welfare in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region show signs of improvement. Adult literacy and school enrollment rates, life expectancy at birth, and the amount of access to safe water are increasing. Nutrition indicators are also improving. However, other factors demonstrate that many problems persist, especially the inequality between rich and poor. This report analyzes the evolution of poverty and inequality in the LAC region from 1986 to 1996 with projections to 1998. It reviews the policies which have been advocated or implemented to reduce poverty. The report combines the results of new empirical work using household surveys from 12 countries, short theoretical developments, and a review of the literature on issues related to poverty, inequality, and social policy in LAC. Some of the theoretical developments introduce new research techniques. Chapters three to six follow the framework proposed in the forthcoming 'World Development Report 2000-2001'. The framework identifies three essential elements for poverty reduction. Those elements include opportunities for the poor and investments in the human capital of the poor, security through social safety nets, and empowerment.

Regional and International Trade Policy

Csaba Csáki,John Nash
Regional and International Trade Policy Book PDF

Author : Csaba Csáki,John Nash
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821344870

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Regional and International Trade Policy by Csaba Csáki,John Nash Pdf

With appropriate preparation and policies, the enlargement of the European Union (EU) will result in a broader and higher-level integration of European agriculture, create an environment more conducive to further liberalization of global agricultural trade, and lead to further opening of European markets.As part of the World Bank's Strategic Compact Initiative, the Bank has coordinated activities to help the ten EU accession countries achieve EU membership. These activities include the preparation of studies to facilitate implementation of necessary reforms and sponsoring seminars and workshops to disseminate and analyze the results. This volume presents the major papers and summaries of one of the Workshop deliberations. This volume includes the following topics: • lessons learned from other regional agricultural trade agreements • the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) • an analysis of the economic impact of trade flows • the harmonization of agricultural policies within trade agreements • the implications of the external trade environment for the accession countries • the role of sanitary and phytosanitary trade rule in EU accession • quantifying the incentive and farm income effects of agricultural support policies in transition economies • major challenges to agricultural input regulation and trade during transition and EU accession • concluding comments by the World Bank.

Hungary

Anonim
Hungary Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821345176

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Hungary by Anonim Pdf

Published by Oxford University Press for the World Bank. Some people may believe that crises are an inevitable feature of the capitalist system. Others hold that exchange-rate crises will vanish as more and more countries adopt floating exchange rates... But, some of us believe that crises can be avoided or at least limited by good economic management, and that having a reasonable idea of where the equilibrium exchange rate lies is an essential requirement for good macro management... --John Williamson, Chief Economist, South Asia Region, World Bank Exchange Rate Misalignment provides a comprehensive treatment of the conceptual and empirical issues concerning measuring exchange rate misalignment in developing countries. The report hopes to provide policymakers and their advisors with a compendium of practical techniques for estimating equilibrium real exchange rates. The book analyzes, in detail, four methodologies for the empirical estimation of the long-run equilibrium real exchange rate. The findings of the report include: * An assessment of alternative empirical measures of the internal and external real exchange rates. * An up-to-date survey of the literature on estimating equilibrium exchange rates in both industrial and developing countries. * A detailed presentation of currently available methodologies for empirically estimating the equilibrium exchange rate in developing countries. The analytical depth and practical techniques provided in Exchange Rate Misalignment make this book an invaluable resource for policymakers and foreign exchange specialists in the public and private sector.

The East Asian Miracle and Information Technology

Nagy Hanna
The East Asian Miracle and Information Technology Book PDF

Author : Nagy Hanna
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082134577X

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The East Asian Miracle and Information Technology by Nagy Hanna Pdf

World Bank Discussion Paper No. 326.Draws on the successful experiences of five East Asian economies--Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan (China), and Hong Kong--to show how they have exploited the opportunities made possible by the information technology revolution and built sustainable competitive advantages in many high-value-added industries and services. The study examines the role of government in unleashing private-sector response, promoting the information technology industry, diffusing technology, and focusing resources on strategic elements of the national information infrastructure. It also explores the role of the private sector in influencing the development and use of the new technologies.

Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary

Robert Bruce
Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia Poland the Czech Republic Slovenia and Hungary Book PDF

Author : Robert Bruce
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 082134515X

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Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary by Robert Bruce Pdf

This study emerges from discussions with representatives of the World Bank and high-level representatives of government and the telecommunications services industry in Hungary, Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary. It considers the problems inherent with the liberalization of the telecom sector. This publication is a Technical Paper sponsored by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Division. It is part of a comprehensive series regarding the many important factors that influence European Union (EU) accession in the Central and East European countries (CEEC). The topics in the series cover both the social and economic aspects of accession across a broad range of sectors. The series also provides background information for specific acceding countries. These publications will be of interest to EU member and candidate countries, their ministries, and any one studying the accession issue.

Rural Development Strategy

Csaba Csáki,Laura Tuck
Rural Development Strategy Book PDF

Author : Csaba Csáki,Laura Tuck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821348094

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Rural Development Strategy by Csaba Csáki,Laura Tuck Pdf

With the larger role that the agricultural sector plays in the Eastern Europe and Central Asian (ECA) region, emphasis must be placed on the sector's sustained growth and prosperity. The Bank strategy for rural development in the ECA region during the early phase of transition emphasized the reform of agricultural policies and assistance in privatizing, restructuring, and rebuilding agriculture and agro-industrial complexes. In retrospect, it can be seen that the ECA countries concerned made the right choice when they set their objective to transform their socialized agriculture into a private-ownership and market-based system. Given the developments of the past decade, it is clear, however, that the initial expectations for the outcomes of such reforms were overly optimistic. The transition process in agriculture is far more complex than originally envisaged by both the countries themselves and the international community, including the Bank. Increased social problems and alarming growth of poverty have added a new, unexpected, dimension to the transition process. As the analysis indicates, the region's rural economy is still struggling to adjust to new economic realities, and this will require further refinement and adjustment of the Bank's approach as well. This volume, based on an overview of recent regional developments, summarizes the revised World Bank assistance strategy for rural development in the ECA region.

The Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Policies in Poland's Accession to the European Union

Anonim
The Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Policies in Poland s Accession to the European Union Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821345184

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The Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Policies in Poland's Accession to the European Union by Anonim Pdf

This study examines the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and trade policies with regard to Poland's accession to the EU. It also discusses developments in foreign trade, market access for Polish products, and foreign trade institutions and policies. It outlines the premises of a strategy that would assist Poland in its aim for accession. This publication is a Technical Paper sponsored by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Division. It is part of a comprehensive series regarding the many important factors that influence European Union (EU) accession in the Central and East European countries (CEEC). The topics in the series cover both the social and economic aspects of accession across a broad range of sectors. The series also provides background information for specific acceding countries. These publications will be of interest to EU member and candidate countries, their ministries, and any one studying the accession issue.

Financial Integration, Vulnerabilities to Crisis, and EU Accession in Five Central European Countries

Mustapha K. Nabli
Financial Integration Vulnerabilities to Crisis and EU Accession in Five Central European Countries Book PDF

Author : Mustapha K. Nabli
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821345060

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Financial Integration, Vulnerabilities to Crisis, and EU Accession in Five Central European Countries by Mustapha K. Nabli Pdf

'A major source of vulnerability in the CE5 is their nascent financial systems and their ability to handle large and increasing volume of capital. As the experience of East Asia demonstrates, a high priority should be given to improving the quality and performance of the banking system.'- From 'Financial Integration, Vulnerabilities to Crisis, and EU Accession in Five Central European Countries'The objective of this study is to help assess the possible vulnerabilities in a number of Central European countries as they proceed with global financial integration and EU accession. The report focuses on those countries slated to be the first in the region to join the EU, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia (CE5). The study: • Discusses the context and presents a short description of the CE5 countries' experience in attracting capital flows • Analyzes the manifestations of vulnerability to financial crises and sustainability of foreign capital flows to the CE5 • Interprets the results and draws implications in view of the initial conditions of the various countries • Compares the EU accession of the CE5 to the Southern Mediterranean countries' accession to the EC in the 1980s • Draws conclusions and makes recommendations