Sufficient Reason

Author : Alexander R. Pruss
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139455091

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The Principle of Sufficient Reason by Alexander R. Pruss Pdf

The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Open Court Publishing
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0875482015

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On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

"Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester

Author : Daniel W. Bromley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781400832637

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Sufficient Reason by Daniel W. Bromley Pdf

In the standard analysis of economic institutions--which include social conventions, the working rules of an economy, and entitlement regimes (property relations)--economists invoke the same theories they use when analyzing individual behavior. In this profoundly innovative book, Daniel Bromley challenges these theories, arguing instead for "volitional pragmatism" as a plausible way of thinking about the evolution of economic institutions. Economies are always in the process of becoming. Here is a theory of how they become. Bromley argues that standard economic accounts see institutions as mere constraints on otherwise autonomous individual action. Some approaches to institutional economics--particularly the "new" institutional economics--suggest that economic institutions emerge spontaneously from the voluntary interaction of economic agents as they go about pursuing their best advantage. He suggests that this approach misses the central fact that economic institutions are the explicit and intended result of authoritative agents--legislators, judges, administrative officers, heads of states, village leaders--who volitionally decide upon working rules and entitlement regimes whose very purpose is to induce behaviors (and hence plausible outcomes) that constitute the sufficient reasons for the institutional arrangements they create. Bromley's approach avoids the prescriptive consequentialism of contemporary economics and asks, instead, that we see these emergent and evolving institutions as the reasons for the individual and aggregate behavior their very adoption anticipates. These hoped-for outcomes comprise sufficient reasons for new laws, judicial decrees, and administrative rulings, which then become instrumental to the realization of desired individual behaviors and thus aggregate outcomes.

Author : F. C. White
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9004095438

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On Schopenhauer's Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by F. C. White Pdf

This book is a philosophical commentary on Schopenhauer's "Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason," dealing with each of Schopenhauer's principal topics in turn. It also provides the reader with a general survey of Schopenhauer's later philosophical views and puts them into an historical context

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Newcomb Livraria Press
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783989880245

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On the Fourfold Foundation of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

A new 2023 translation of Schopenhauer's 1813 Über die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom zureichenden Grunde, his dissertation which earned him his Ph.D. This is volume I in the Complete works of Arthur Schopenhauer by Newcomb Livraria Press. As Marx’s dissertation on an Epicurean version of Hegelianism defined his entire philosophic-economic project, so Schopenhauer’s dissertation on the Principle of Sufficient Reason defines his entire career. This work was his dissertation for his PhD from the University of Jena (also Hegel's Alma motta). Leibniz's Enlightenment Principle of Sufficient Reason, developed from Aristotelianism’s hybridization with medieval Catholicism immediately following the Great Schism, is the basis of Schopenhauer’s criticisms of Kant and the foundation of his later works. This is a distinct variation which builds out Leibnitz's Monadology in four directions- Becoming, Knowing, Being and Willing.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-25
Category : Fiction
ISBN : EAN:4066339542884

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On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

"On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature: Two Essays" by Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by Karl Mme. Hillebrand, is a philosophical work that delves into profound questions about the nature of existence and human understanding. Schopenhauer's essays explore the concept of sufficient reason and the role of the will in the natural world. The book offers readers a deep and thought-provoking exploration of philosophical ideas and their implications. "On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason & On the Will in Nature" is a challenging yet rewarding read for those interested in philosophical discourse.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107079748

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Schopenhauer: On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and Other Writings by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

This volume of translations unites three shorter works by Arthur Schopenhauer that expand on themes from his book The World as Will and Representation. In On the Fourfold Root he takes the principle of sufficient reason, which states that nothing is without a reason why it is, and shows how it covers different forms of explanation or ground that previous philosophers have tended to confuse. Schopenhauer regarded this study, which he first wrote as his doctoral dissertation, as an essential preliminary to The World as Will. On Will in Nature examines contemporary scientific findings in search of corroboration of his thesis that processes in nature are all a species of striving towards ends; and On Vision and Colours defends an anti-Newtonian account of colour perception influenced by Goethe's famous colour theory. This is the first English edition to provide extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of these works.

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Read Books Ltd
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781447480952

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On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

Originally published in 1813, this early work by German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer is both expensive and hard to find in its first edition. Originally published as his doctoral dissertation and then later re-published, it outlines his cornerstone arguments on the subject of knowing. This fascinating work is highly recommended for anyone interested in 19th century philosophy and its development. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

Author : Abraham Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190096755

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Kant, Hume, and the Interruption of Dogmatic Slumber by Abraham Anderson Pdf

Kant once famously declared in the Prolegomena that "it was the objection of David Hume that first, many years ago, interrupted my dogmatic slumber." Abraham Anderson here offers an interpretation of this utterance, arguing that Hume roused Kant not (as has often been thought) by challenging the principle that "every event has a cause" which governs experience, but rather by attacking the principle of sufficient reason, the basis of both rationalist metaphysics and the cosmological proof of the existence of God. This suggestion, Anderson proposes, allows us to reconcile Kant's declaration with his later assertion that it was the Antinomy of pure reason - the clash of opposing theses - that first woke him from dogmatic slumber. For the Antinomy suspends the dogmatic principle of sufficient reason; in doing so, Anderson proposes, it is extending Hume's attack on that principle. This reading of Kant also explains why Kant speaks of "the objection of David Hume" after mentioning Hume's attack on metaphysics. The "objection" that Kant has in mind, Anderson argues, is a challenge to metaphysics, rather than to the foundations of empirical knowledge. Consequently, Anderson's analysis issues a new view of Hume himself-as primarily interested, not in the foundations of experience, but in the problem of metaphysics and theology. It thereby positions Kant and Hume as champions of the Enlightenment in its struggle with superstition. Shedding new light on the connection between two of the most influential figures in the history of philosophy, this volume will appeal not only to scholars of Kant, Hume, and early modern philosophy, but to philosophers and students interested in the history of philosophy and metaphysics generally.

Author : Wilbur Marshall Urban
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1897
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : BSB:BSB11821743

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A History of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Wilbur Marshall Urban Pdf

Author : Wilbur Marshall Urban
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1898
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : HARVARD:HNW7JR

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The History of the Principle of Sufficient Reason:. by Wilbur Marshall Urban Pdf

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1891
Category : Philosophy of nature
ISBN : HARVARD:32044009585951

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On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

Author : Penelope Frederica Fitzgerald
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1887
Category : Causation
ISBN : UCAL:$B44022

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A Treatise on the Principle of Sufficient Reason by Penelope Frederica Fitzgerald Pdf

Author : Arthur Schopenhauer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1891
Category : Sufficient reason
ISBN : HARVARD:32044004356150

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Two Essays by Arthur Schopenhauer by Arthur Schopenhauer Pdf

Author : William L. Rowe
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : History
ISBN : 0801425573

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Thomas Reid on Freedom and Morality by William L. Rowe Pdf

In this succinct and well-written book, one of our most eminent philosophers provides a fresh reading of the view of freedom and morality developed by Thomas Reid (1710-1796). Although contemporary theorists have written extensively about the Scottish philosopher's contributions to the theory of knowledge, this is the first book-length study of his contributions to the controversy over freedom and necessity. William L. Rowe argues that Reid developed a subtle, systematic theory of moral freedom based on the idea of the human being as a free and morally responsible agent. He carefully reconstructs the theory and explores the intellectual background to Reid's views in the work of John Locke, Samuel Clarke, and Anthony Collins. Rowe develops a novel account of Reid's conception of free action and relates it to contemporary arguments that moral responsibility for an action implies the power to have done otherwise. Distilling from Reid's work a viable version of the agency theory of freedom and responsibility, he suggests how Reid's theory can be defended against the major objections--both historical and contemporary--that have been advanced against it. Blending to good effect historical and philosophical analysis, Thomas Reid on Freedom and Morality should interest philosophers, political theorists, and intellectual historians.