Supercontinent

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Supercontinent

Author : Ted Nield
Publisher : Granta Books
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781847086778

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Supercontinent by Ted Nield Pdf

The shifting continents of the Earth are heading for inevitable collision: 250 million years from now, all the land masses on this planet will come together in a single, gigantic supercontinent which no human is ever likely to see. That future supercontinent will not be the first to form on Earth, nor will it be the last. Each cycle lasts half a billion years, making it the grandest of all the patterns in nature. It is scarcely a century since science first understood how Pangaea, the supercontinent which gave birth to dinosaurs, split apart, but scientists can now look back three-quarters of a billion years into the Earth's almost indecipherable past to reconstruct Pangaea's predecessor, and computer-model the shape of the Earth's far-distant future. Ted Nield's book tells the astounding story of how that science emerged (often in the face of fierce opposition), and how scientists today are using the most modern techniques to draw information out of the oldest rocks on Earth. It also reveals the remarkable human story of the Altantis-seeking visionaries and madmen who have been imagining lost or undiscovered continents for centuries. Ultimately all supercontinents exist only in the human imagination, but understanding the 'Supercontinent Cycle' represents nothing less than finally knowing how our planet works.

Supercontinent

Author : Ted Nield
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 0674026594

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Supercontinent by Ted Nield Pdf

Explores the Supercontinent Cycle from the earliest recorded time to the geological discoveries of today including the drifting of the continents and the evolution of dinosaurs.

The Next Supercontinent

Author : Ross Mitchell
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226824925

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The Next Supercontinent by Ross Mitchell Pdf

An internationally recognized scientist shows that Earth’s separate continents, once together in Pangea, are again on a collision course. You’ve heard of Pangea, the single landmass that broke apart some 175 million years ago to give us our current continents, but what about its predecessors, Rodinia or Columbia? These “supercontinents” from Earth’s past provide evidence that land repeatedly joins and separates. While scientists debate what that next supercontinent will look like—and what to name it—they all agree: one is coming. In this engaging work, geophysicist Ross Mitchell invites readers to remote (and sometimes treacherous) lands for evidence of past supercontinents, delves into the phenomena that will birth the next, and presents the case for the future supercontinent of Amasia, defined by the merging of North America and Asia. Introducing readers to plate tectonic theory through fieldwork adventures and accessible scientific descriptions, Mitchell considers flows deep in the Earth’s mantle to explain Amasia’s future formation and shows how this developing theory can illuminate other planetary mysteries. He then poses the inevitable question: how can humanity survive the intervening 200 million years necessary to see Amasia? An expert on the supercontinent cycle, Mitchell offers readers a front-row seat to a slow-motion mystery and an ongoing scientific debate.

Supercontinent Cycles Through Earth History

Author : Z.X. Li,D.A.D. Evans,J.B. Murphy
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862397330

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Supercontinent Cycles Through Earth History by Z.X. Li,D.A.D. Evans,J.B. Murphy Pdf

The supercontinent-cycle hypothesis attributes planetary-scale episodic tectonic events to an intrinsic self-organizing mode of mantle convection, governed by the buoyancy of continental lithosphere that resists subduction during the closure of old ocean basins, and the consequent reorganization of mantle convection cells leading to the opening of new ocean basins. Characteristic timescales of the cycle are typically 500 to 700 million years. Proposed spatial patterns of cyclicity range from hemispheric (introversion) to antipodal (extroversion), to precisely between those end members (orthoversion). Advances in our understanding can arise from theoretical or numerical modelling, primary data acquisition relevant to continental reconstructions, and spatiotemporal correlations between plate kinematics, geodynamic events and palaeoenvironmental history. The palaeogeographic record of supercontinental tectonics on Earth is still under development. The contributions in this Special Publication provide snapshots in time of these investigations and indicate that Earth’s palaeogeographic record incorporates elements of all three end-member spatial patterns.

Antarctica and Supercontinent Evolution

Author : S.L. Harley,I.C.W. Fitzsimons,Y. Zhao
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862393677

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Antarctica and Supercontinent Evolution by S.L. Harley,I.C.W. Fitzsimons,Y. Zhao Pdf

Antarctica preserves a rock record that spans three and a half billion years of history and has a remarkable story to tell about the evolution of our Earth, from the hottest crustal rocks yet found in an orogenic system, to the assembly and breakup of Gondwana in the Phanerozoic. This volume highlights our improved understanding of the tectonic events that have shaped Antarctica and how these potentially relate to supercontinent assembly and fragmentation. The internal constitution of the East Antarctic Shield is assessed using information available from the basement geology and from detritus preserved as Mesozoic sediments in the Trans Antarctic Mountains. Accretionary orogenesis along the proto-Pacific margin of Antarctica is examined and the volumes of intracrustal melting compared with juvenile magma additions in these complex orogenic systems assessed. This special volume demonstrates the diversity of approaches required to elucidate and understand crustal evolution and evaluate the supercontinent concept.

Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth

Author : Lauri J. J Pesonen,Johanna Salminen,Sten-Ake Elming,David A.D. A.D. Evans,Toni Veikkolainen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128185346

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Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth by Lauri J. J Pesonen,Johanna Salminen,Sten-Ake Elming,David A.D. A.D. Evans,Toni Veikkolainen Pdf

Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth offers a systematic examination of Precambrian cratons and supercontinents. Through detailed maps of drift histories and paleogeography of each continent, this book examines topics related to Earth’s tectonic evolution prior to Pangea, including plate kinematics, orogenic development, and paleoenvironments. Additionally, this book discusses the methodologies used, principally paleomagnetism and tectonostratigraphy, and addresses geophysical topics of mantle dynamics and geodynamo evolution over billions of years. Structured clearly with consistent coverage for Precambrian cratons, this book combines state-of-the-art paleomagnetic and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Earth in the context of major climatic events such as global glaciations. It is an ideal, up-to-date reference for geoscientists and geographers looking for answers to questions surrounding the tectonic evolution of Earth. Provides robust paleogeographies of Precambrian cratons based on high-quality paleomagnetic and geochronologic data and critically tested by global geological datasets Includes links to updated databases for the Precambrian such as PALEOMAGIA and the Global Paleomagnetic Database (GPMDB) Presents full-color maps of the drift histories of each continent as well as their paleogeographies Discusses key questions regarding continental drift, the supercontinent cycle, and the geomagnetic dipole hypothesis and analyzes palaeography in the context of Earth’s holistic evolution

Continents and Supercontinents

Author : John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195347331

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Continents and Supercontinents by John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh Pdf

To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.

Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution

Author : Steven Michael Reddy
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Science
ISBN : 1862392838

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Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution by Steven Michael Reddy Pdf

The Palaeoproterozoic era (2500-1600 Ma) is a critical period of Earth history, with dynamic evolution from the deep planetary interior to its surface environment. Several lines of geological evidence suggest the existence of at least one pre-Rodinia supercontinent, named Nuna or Columbia, which formed near the end of Palaeoproterozoic time. Prior to this assembly, there may have been an older supercontinent (Kenorland) or perhaps only independently drifting supercratons. The tectonic records of amalgamation and dispersal of these ancient landmasses provide a framework that links processes of the deep Earth with those of its fluid envelope. The sixteen papers in this volume present reviews and new analytical data that span the geological record of Palaeoproterozoic Earth. The volume is useful as a reference book for students and professional geoscientists interested in this important period of global evolution.

Proterozoic East Gondwana

Author : Masaru Yoshida,Brian F. Windley,Somnath Dasgupta
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 1862391254

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Proterozoic East Gondwana by Masaru Yoshida,Brian F. Windley,Somnath Dasgupta Pdf

This volume focuses on Late Mesoproterozoic to early Cambrian events related to Gondwana assembly and break up. The nineteen papers provide a comprehensive review including advanced knowledge and new data from all critical areas of East Gondwana. The recent knowledge of the evolution of East Gondwana, which was regarded as an integral part of the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia, is the major theme of the volume, which is reinforced by highlighting this radical and new understanding of the evolution of this region.

Continents and Supercontinents

Author : John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh,Madhava Warrier Santosh
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195165890

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Continents and Supercontinents by John J. W. Rogers,M. Santosh,Madhava Warrier Santosh Pdf

Surveys the origin of continents, and the accretion and breakup of supercontinents through earth history. This book also shows how these processes affected the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life.

Super Continent

Author : Kent E. Calder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 1503609618

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Super Continent by Kent E. Calder Pdf

A Eurasian transformation is underway, and it flows from China. With a geopolitically central location, the country's domestic and international policies are poised to change the face of global affairs. The Belt and Road Initiative has called attention to a deepening Eurasian continentalism that has, argues Kent Calder, much more significant implications than have yet been recognized. In Super Continent, Calder presents a theoretically guided and empirically grounded explanation for these changes. He shows that key inflection points, beginning with the Four Modernizations and the collapse of the Soviet Union; and culminating in China's response to the Global Financial Crisis and Crimea's annexation, are triggering tectonic shifts. Furthermore, understanding China's emerging regional and global roles involves comprehending two ongoing transformations--within China and across Eurasia as a whole--and that the two are profoundly interrelated. Calder underlines that the geo-economic logic that prevailed across Eurasia before Columbus, and that made the Silk Road a central thoroughfare of world affairs for close to two millennia, is reasserting itself once again.

From a Super Continent to Seven | The Pangaea and the Continental Drift Grade 5 | Children's Earth Sciences Books

Author : Baby Professor
Publisher : Speedy Publishing LLC
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-31
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781541957022

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From a Super Continent to Seven | The Pangaea and the Continental Drift Grade 5 | Children's Earth Sciences Books by Baby Professor Pdf

Did you know that millions of years ago the Earth only had one super continent? If you look at a globe today, you’d notice how continents fit into each other like puzzle pieces. But how did the super continent break apart and become seven different continents? Let’s look at the mechanics of the continental drift in this book for fifth graders. Grab a copy today.

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System

Author : Kent C. Condie
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123852274

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Earth as an Evolving Planetary System by Kent C. Condie Pdf

Kent C. Condie

Proterozoic Orogens of India

Author : T.R.K. Chetty
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128044810

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Proterozoic Orogens of India by T.R.K. Chetty Pdf

Proterozoic Orogens of India: A Critical Window to Gondwana provides a unique opportunity to understand a cross-section of the well-exposed and best-studied part of Earth’s crust and the processes of continental collision. It covers pulses of reworking processes and their impact on magmatism, metamorphism and deformational history of Proterozoic orogens vis-à-vis the supercontinental formation. The details of structural architecture, crustal blocks, shear zone systems, magmatism, metamorphism, geochemical and isotopic signatures, mineralization and tectonic models of all the Proterozoic orogens of India are discussed along with excellent illustrations reflecting the field-based, multi-scale structural and geological data sets. The spatial distribution, geometry, kinematics and transpressional strain of the shear zone systems (mostly suture zones), which are critical to all conceptual models dealing with tectono-metamorphic history of Proterozoic orogens of India, are also covered. The book summarizes and integrates the state-of -the art understanding of the structural architecture, lithological assemblages, petrological, geochemical, geochronological and geophysical aspects of the Proterozoic orogens of India. Includes a much needed state-of-the-art tectonic summary of the voluminous data that has emerged from the Protrozoic orogens of India in the last 2-3 decades Authored by a well-established expert with more than 30 years of experience in the field based, multi-scale structural geological studies of the ancient orogens of India Covers up-to-date reviews and models of Proterozoic orogens developed in the Indian shield over the past 2.5 billion years of Earth history

When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth?

Author : Kent C. Condie,Victoria Pease
Publisher : Geological Society of America
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813724409

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When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth? by Kent C. Condie,Victoria Pease Pdf

"Inspired by a GSA Penrose Conference held in Lander, Wyoming, June 14-18, 2006, this volume discusses the beginning and evolution of plate tectonics on Earth, and gives readers an introduction to some of the uncertainties and controversies related to the evolution of the planet. In the first three sections of the book, which cover isotopic, geochemical, metamorphic, mineralization, and mantle geodynamic constraints, a variety of papers address the question of when "modern-style" plate tectonics began on planet Earth. The next set of papers focuses on the geodynamic or geophysical constraints for the beginning of plate tectonics. The volume's final section synthesizes a broad range of evidence, from planetary analogues and geodynamic modeling, to Earth's preserved geologic record. This work provides an excellent graduate level text summarizing the current state of knowledge and will be of interest to a wide range of earth and planetary scientists."--Publisher's website.