Symbiosis As A Source Of Evolutionary Innovation

Author : Lynn Margulis,René Fester
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Science
ISBN : 0262132699

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Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation by Lynn Margulis,René Fester Pdf

These original contributions by symbiosis biologists and evolutionary theorists address the adequacy of the prevailing neo-Darwinian concept of evolution in the light of growing evidence that hereditary symbiosis, supplemented by the gradual accumulation of heritable mutation, results in the origin of new species and morphological novelty.A departure from mainstream biology, the idea of symbiosis--as in the genetic and metabolic interactions of the bacterial communities that became the earliest eukaryotes and eventually evolved into plants and animals--has attracted the attention of a growing number of scientists.These original contributions by symbiosis biologists and evolutionary theorists address the adequacy of the prevailing neo-Darwinian concept of evolution in the light of growing evidence that hereditary symbiosis, supplemented by the gradual accumulation of heritable mutation, results in the origin of new species and morphological novelty. They include reports of current research on the evolutionary consequences of symbiosis, the protracted physical association between organisms of different species. Among the issues considered are individuality and evolution, microbial symbioses, animal-bacterial symbioses, and the importance of symbiosis in cell evolution, ecology, and morphogenesis. Lynn Margulis, Distinguished Professor of Botany at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, is the modern originator of the symbiotic theory of cell evolution. Once considered heresy, her ideas are now part of the microbiological revolution. ContributorsPeter Atsatt, Richard C. Back, David Bermudes, Paola Bonfante-Fasolo, René Fester, Lynda J. Goff, Anne-Marie Grenier, Ricardo Guerrero, Robert H. Haynes, Rosmarie Honegger, Gregory Hinkle, Kwang W. Jeon, Bryce Kendrick, Richard Law, David Lewis, Lynn Margulis, John Maynard Smith, Margaret J. McFall-Ngai, Paul Nardon, Kenneth H. Nealson, Kris Pirozynski, Peter W. Price, Mary Beth Saffo, Jan Sapp, Silvano Scannerini, Werner Schwemmler, Sorin Sonea, Toomas H. Tiivel, Robert K. Trench, Russell Vetter

Author : Andreas Wagner
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191621284

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The Origins of Evolutionary Innovations by Andreas Wagner Pdf

The history of life is a nearly four billion year old story of transformative change. This change ranges from dramatic macroscopic innovations such as the evolution of wings or eyes, to a myriad of molecular changes that form the basis of macroscopic innovations. We are familiar with many examples of innovations (qualitatively new phenotypes that provide a critical benefit) but have no systematic understanding of the principles that allow organisms to innovate. This book proposes several such principles as the basis of a theory of innovation, integrating recent knowledge about complex molecular phenotypes with more traditional Darwinian thinking. Central to the book are genotype networks: vast sets of connected genotypes that exist in metabolism and regulatory circuitry, as well as in protein and RNA molecules. The theory can successfully unify innovations that occur at different levels of organization. It captures known features of biological innovation, including the fact that many innovations occur multiple times independently, and that they combine existing parts of a system to new purposes. It also argues that environmental change is important to create biological systems that are both complex and robust, and shows how such robustness can facilitate innovation. Beyond that, the theory can reconcile neutralism and selectionism, as well as explain the role of phenotypic plasticity, gene duplication, recombination, and cryptic variation in innovation. Finally, its principles can be applied to technological innovation, and thus open to human engineering endeavours the powerful principles that have allowed life's spectacular success.

Author : Jan Sapp
Publisher : New York : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Evolution (Biology)
ISBN : 9780195088212

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Evolution by Association by Jan Sapp Pdf

Our evolution and that of all plants and animals is not thought to be due solely to the gradual accumulation of gene changes within species. Symbiosis is at the root of our being. This book is a systematic history of this emerging field and gives an account of the growth of a biological idea.

Author : Jan Sapp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1994-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195358537

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Evolution by Association by Jan Sapp Pdf

In this comprehensive history of symbiosis theory--the first to be written--Jan Sapp masterfully traces its development from modest beginnings in the late nineteenth century to its current status as one of the key conceptual frameworks for the life sciences. The symbiotic perspective on evolution, which argues that "higher species" have evolved from a merger of two or more different kinds of organisms living together, is now clearly established with definitive molecular evidence demonstrating that mitochondria and chloroplasts have evolved from symbiotic bacteria. In telling the exciting story of an evolutionary biology tradition that has effectively challenged many key tenets of classical neo-Darwinism, Sapp sheds light on the phenomena, movements, doctrines, and controversies that have shaped attitudes about the scope and significance of symbiosis. Engaging and insightful, Evolution by Association will be avidly read by students and researchers across the life sciences.

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : Sackler Colloquium
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015073872999

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In the Light of Evolution by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Author : Lynn Margulis
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780786724482

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Symbiotic Planet by Lynn Margulis Pdf

Although Charles Darwin's theory of evolution laid the foundations of modern biology, it did not tell the whole story. Most remarkably, The Origin of Species said very little about, of all things, the origins of species. Darwin and his modern successors have shown very convincingly how inherited variations are naturally selected, but they leave unanswered how variant organisms come to be in the first place. In Symbiotic Planet, renowned scientist Lynn Margulis shows that symbiosis, which simply means members of different species living in physical contact with each other, is crucial to the origins of evolutionary novelty. Ranging from bacteria, the smallest kinds of life, to the largest -- the living Earth itself -- Margulis explains the symbiotic origins of many of evolution's most important innovations. The very cells we're made of started as symbiotic unions of different kinds of bacteria. Sex -- and its inevitable corollary, death -- arose when failed attempts at cannibalism resulted in seasonally repeated mergers of some of our tiniest ancestors. Dry land became forested only after symbioses of algae and fungi evolved into plants. Since all living things are bathed by the same waters and atmosphere, all the inhabitants of Earth belong to a symbiotic union. Gaia, the finely tuned largest ecosystem of the Earth's surface, is just symbiosis as seen from space. Along the way, Margulis describes her initiation into the world of science and the early steps in the present revolution in evolutionary biology; the importance of species classification for how we think about the living world; and the way "academic apartheid" can block scientific advancement. Written with enthusiasm and authority, this is a book that could change the way you view our living Earth.

Author : Joseph Seckbach,Martin Grube
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048194490

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Symbioses and Stress by Joseph Seckbach,Martin Grube Pdf

Symbioses and Stress examines how organisms in tight symbiotic associations cope with abiotic and biotic stress. Presenting new findings on symbioses by experts and leading scholars in the field, this volume complements courses and lectures in biology and genetics.

Author : Günter P. Wagner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691180670

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Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation by Günter P. Wagner Pdf

A major synthesis of homology, written by a top researcher in the field Homology—a similar trait shared by different species and derived from common ancestry, such as a seal's fin and a bird’s wing—is one of the most fundamental yet challenging concepts in evolutionary biology. This groundbreaking book provides the first mechanistically based theory of what homology is and how it arises in evolution. Günter Wagner, one of the preeminent researchers in the field, argues that homology, or character identity, can be explained through the historical continuity of character identity networks—that is, the gene regulatory networks that enable differential gene expression. He shows how character identity is independent of the form and function of the character itself because the same network can activate different effector genes and thus control the development of different shapes, sizes, and qualities of the character. Demonstrating how this theoretical model can provide a foundation for understanding the evolutionary origin of novel characters, Wagner applies it to the origin and evolution of specific systems, such as cell types; skin, hair, and feathers; limbs and digits; and flowers. The first major synthesis of homology to be published in decades, Homology, Genes, and Evolutionary Innovation reveals how a mechanistically based theory can serve as a unifying concept for any branch of science concerned with the structure and development of organisms, and how it can help explain major transitions in evolution and broad patterns of biological diversity.

Author : Federico Moran
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 984 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1995-05-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540594965

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Advances in Artificial Life by Federico Moran Pdf

This volume contains 71 revised refereed papers, including seven invited surveys, presented during the Third European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL '95, held in Granada, Spain in June 1995. Originally AL was concerned with applying biologically inspired solutions to technology and with examining computational expertise in order to reproduce and understand life processes. Despite its short history, AL now is becoming a mature scientific field. The volume reports the state of the art in this exciting area of research; there are sections on foundations and epistemology, origins of life and evolution, adaptive and cognitive systems, artificial worlds, robotics and emulation of animal behavior, societies and collective behavior, biocomputing, and applications and common tools.

Author : Jan Sapp
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2005-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198037775

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Microbial Phylogeny and Evolution by Jan Sapp Pdf

The birth of bacterial genomics since the mid-1990s brought withit several conceptual modifications and wholly new controversies. Working beyond the scope of the neo-Darwinian evolutionary synthesis, a group of leading microbial evolutionists addresses the following and related issues, often with markedly varied viewpoints: ? Did the eukaryotic nucleus, cytoskeleton and cilia also orginate from symbiosis? ? Do the current scenarios about he origin of mitochondria and plastids require revision? ? What is the extent of lateral gene transfer (between "species") among bacteria? ? Does the rDNA phylogenetic tree still stand in the age of genomics? ? Is the course of the first 3 billion years of evolution even knowable?

Author : Lynn Margulis
Publisher : W.H. Freeman
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Cells
ISBN : 0716712563

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Symbiosis in Cell Evolution by Lynn Margulis Pdf

Author : John Ziman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2000-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521623618

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Technological Innovation as an Evolutionary Process by John Ziman Pdf

Ground-breaking yet non-technical analysis of the analogy that technological artefacts 'evolve' like biological organisms.

Author : Malgorzata Kloc
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 616 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030518493

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Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and Evolutionary Aspects by Malgorzata Kloc Pdf

This volume presents a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in symbiosis research. It covers molecular, organellar, cellular, immunologic, genetic and evolutionary aspects of symbiotic interactions in humans and other model systems. The book also highlights new approaches to interdisciplinary research and therapeutic applications. Symbiosis refers to any mutually beneficial interaction between different organisms. The symbiotic origin of cellular organelles and the exchange of genetic material between hosts and their bacterial and viral symbionts have helped shaped the current diversity of life. Recently, symbiosis has gained a new level of recognition, due to the realization that all organisms function as a holobiome and that any kind of interference with the hosts influences their symbionts and vice versa, and can have profound consequences for the survival of both. For example, in humans, the microbiome, i.e., the entirety of all the microorganisms living in association with the intestines, oral cavity, urogenital system and skin, is partially inherited during pregnancy and influences the maturation and functioning of the human immune system, protects against pathogens and regulates metabolism. Symbionts also regulate cancer development, wound healing, tissue regeneration and stem cell function. The medical applications of this new realization are vast and largely uncharted. The composition and robustness of human symbionts could make them a valuable diagnostic tool for predicting impending diseases, and the manipulation of symbionts could yield new strategies for the treatment of incurable diseases.

Author : Robert G. B. Reid
Publisher : Mit Press
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 0262182572

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Biological Emergences by Robert G. B. Reid Pdf

Natural selection is commonly interpreted as the fundamental mechanism of evolution. Questions about how selection theory can claim to be the all-sufficient explanation of evolution often go unanswered by today’s neo-Darwinists, perhaps for fear that any criticism of the evolutionary paradigm will encourage creationists and proponents of intelligent design. In Biological Emergences, Robert Reid argues that natural selection is not the cause of evolution. He writes that the causes of variations, which he refers to as natural experiments, are independent of natural selection; indeed, he suggests, natural selection may get in the way of evolution. Reid proposes an alternative theory to explain how emergent novelties are generated and under what conditions they can overcome the resistance of natural selection. He suggests that what causes innovative variation causes evolution, and that these phenomena are environmental as well as organismal. After an extended critique of selectionism, Reid constructs an emergence theory of evolution, first examining the evidence in three causal arenas of emergent evolution: symbiosis/association, evolutionary physiology/behavior, and developmental evolution. Based on this evidence of causation, he proposes some working hypotheses, examining mechanisms and processes common to all three arenas, and arrives at a theoretical framework that accounts for generative mechanisms and emergent qualities. Without selectionism, Reid argues, evolutionary innovation can more easily be integrated into a general thesis. Finally, Reid proposes a biological synthesis of rapid emergent evolutionary phases and the prolonged, dynamically stable, non-evolutionary phases imposed by natural selection.

Author : M. Hird
Publisher : Springer
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780230242210

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The Origins of Sociable Life: Evolution After Science Studies by M. Hird Pdf

This ambitious book considers social scientific topics such as identity, community, sexual difference, self, and ecology from a microbial perspective. Harnessing research and evidence from earth systems science and microbiology, and particularly focusing on symbiosis and symbiogenesis, the book argues for the development of a microontology of life.