Teaching Machines

Author : Audrey Watters
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780262546065

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Teaching Machines by Audrey Watters Pdf

How ed tech was born: Twentieth-century teaching machines--from Sidney Pressey's mechanized test-giver to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Contrary to popular belief, ed tech did not begin with videos on the internet. The idea of technology that would allow students to "go at their own pace" did not originate in Silicon Valley. In Teaching Machines, education writer Audrey Watters offers a lively history of predigital educational technology, from Sidney Pressey's mechanized positive-reinforcement provider to B. F. Skinner's behaviorist bell-ringing box. Watters shows that these machines and the pedagogy that accompanied them sprang from ideas--bite-sized content, individualized instruction--that had legs and were later picked up by textbook publishers and early advocates for computerized learning. Watters pays particular attention to the role of the media--newspapers, magazines, television, and film--in shaping people's perceptions of teaching machines as well as the psychological theories underpinning them. She considers these machines in the context of education reform, the political reverberations of Sputnik, and the rise of the testing and textbook industries. She chronicles Skinner's attempts to bring his teaching machines to market, culminating in the famous behaviorist's efforts to launch Didak 101, the "pre-verbal" machine that taught spelling. (Alternate names proposed by Skinner include "Autodidak," "Instructomat," and "Autostructor.") Telling these somewhat cautionary tales, Watters challenges what she calls "the teleology of ed tech"--the idea that not only is computerized education inevitable, but technological progress is the sole driver of events.

Author : Bill Ferster
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781421415406

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Teaching Machines by Bill Ferster Pdf

Technology promises to make learning better, cheaper, faster—but rarely has it kept that promise. The allure of educational technology is easy to understand. Classroom instruction is an expensive and time-consuming process fraught with contradictory theories and frustratingly uneven results. Educators, inspired by machines’ contributions to modern life, have been using technology to facilitate teaching for centuries. In Teaching Machines, Bill Ferster examines past attempts to automate instruction from the earliest use of the postal service for distance education to the current maelstrom surrounding Massive Open Online Courses. He tells the stories of the entrepreneurs and visionaries who, beginning in the colonial era, developed and promoted various instructional technologies. Ferster touches on a wide range of attempts to enhance the classroom experience with machines, from hornbooks, the Chautauqua movement, and correspondence courses to B. F. Skinner’s teaching machine, intelligent tutoring systems, and eLearning. The famed progressive teachers, researchers, and administrators that the book highlights often overcame substantial hurdles to implement their ideas, but not all of them succeeded in improving the quality of education. Teaching Machines provides invaluable new insight into our current debate over the efficacy of educational technology.

Author : Wendell Wallach,Colin Allen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780199737970

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Moral Machines by Wendell Wallach,Colin Allen Pdf

"Moral Machines is a fine introduction to the emerging field of robot ethics. There is much here that will interest ethicists, philosophers, cognitive scientists, and roboticists." ---Peter Danielson, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews --

Author : David Foster
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781492041894

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Generative Deep Learning by David Foster Pdf

Generative modeling is one of the hottest topics in AI. It’s now possible to teach a machine to excel at human endeavors such as painting, writing, and composing music. With this practical book, machine-learning engineers and data scientists will discover how to re-create some of the most impressive examples of generative deep learning models, such as variational autoencoders,generative adversarial networks (GANs), encoder-decoder models and world models. Author David Foster demonstrates the inner workings of each technique, starting with the basics of deep learning before advancing to some of the most cutting-edge algorithms in the field. Through tips and tricks, you’ll understand how to make your models learn more efficiently and become more creative. Discover how variational autoencoders can change facial expressions in photos Build practical GAN examples from scratch, including CycleGAN for style transfer and MuseGAN for music generation Create recurrent generative models for text generation and learn how to improve the models using attention Understand how generative models can help agents to accomplish tasks within a reinforcement learning setting Explore the architecture of the Transformer (BERT, GPT-2) and image generation models such as ProGAN and StyleGAN

Author : Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135070571

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Outside in the Teaching Machine by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Pdf

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is one of the most pre-eminent postcolonial theorists writing today and a scholar of genuinely global reputation. This collection, first published in 1993, presents some of Spivak’s most engaging essays on works of literature such as Salman Rushdie's controversial Satanic Verses, and twentieth century thinkers such as Jacques Derrida and Karl Marx. Spivak relentlessly questions and deconstructs power structures where ever they operate. In doing so, she provides a voice for those who can not speak, proving that the true work of resistance takes place in the margins, Outside in the Teaching Machine.

Author : Kenneth Austwick
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Computer-assisted instruction
ISBN : UCAL:B3978977

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Teaching Machines and Programming by Kenneth Austwick Pdf

Teaching Machines and Programming covers the significant developments in teaching machines and automated teaching, as well as the major theoretical issues and attributes involved in these procedures. After a brief introduction to teaching machine procedures, this six-chapter text goes on summarizing the industrial and military applications of teaching machines. The succeeding chapters consider the underlying theory, function, and schema of the adaptive teaching system, which are related to recognizable teaching functions performed by a human tutor. The last chapters discuss the development a.

Author : K. Austwick
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781483225951

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Teaching Machines and Programming by K. Austwick Pdf

Teaching Machines and Programming covers the significant developments in teaching machines and automated teaching, as well as the major theoretical issues and attributes involved in these procedures. After a brief introduction to teaching machine procedures, this six-chapter text goes on summarizing the industrial and military applications of teaching machines. The succeeding chapters consider the underlying theory, function, and schema of the adaptive teaching system, which are related to recognizable teaching functions performed by a human tutor. The last chapters discuss the development and features of linear programs and their application as new teaching aid. These chapters also look into some practical problems arising in programming for schools. This book will prove useful to computer programmers, school administrators, teachers, and students.

Author : James D. Finn,Donald G. Perrin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Programmed instruction
ISBN : UIUC:30112068739157

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Teaching Machines and Programed Learning by James D. Finn,Donald G. Perrin Pdf

Author : James D. Finn,Donald G. Perrin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Programmed instruction
ISBN : UOM:39015070534535

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Teaching Machines and Programed Learning, 1962 by James D. Finn,Donald G. Perrin Pdf

Author : Loyd G. Dorsett
Publisher : Educational Technology
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Education
ISBN : 0877780099

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Audio-visual Teaching Machines by Loyd G. Dorsett Pdf

Author : United States. Office of Education,Dorothy Louise Crain
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Programmed instruction
ISBN : IND:30000089687028

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Teaching Machines and Programed Materials in Mathematics by United States. Office of Education,Dorothy Louise Crain Pdf

Author : Lloyd E. Homme
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Electricity
ISBN : UIUC:30112062140691

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A Study in the Applications of Teaching Machines by Lloyd E. Homme Pdf

A proposed shipboard tran mission system involved the connection of transmitters covering the 1f and 2-6 mc/s bands for simultaneous operation on a common antenna through available complementary filters. A broadband transformer was required to perform the necessary impedance transformation between transmitter and filter at a p wer level of 2500 watts. The approach given here concerns the design and analysis of eleven- and thirteenelement, linearly tapered, M-derived, low-passfilter, lumped-element transformers. The results of tests conducted on an experimental model of an eleven-element transformer constructed of receiver-type components are compared with the analytical data. (Author).

Author : B. F. Skinner
Publisher : B. F. Skinner Foundation
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780996453929

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The Technology of Teaching by B. F. Skinner Pdf

On Parent's Day, in 1952, B. F. Skinner visited his daughter's fourth grade math class. As he watched the lesson, he became increasingly uncomfortable. Almost every principle of effective teaching that he had studied for more than 20 years was being violated in that classroom. Yet it was a typical class. The teacher showed how to solve the day's problems, then gave the students a worksheet to do. Some children began to work readily while others shifted uncomfortably in their chairs, or raised their hands for help. The teacher went from desk to desk, giving help and feedback. Skinner knew what was needed. Each student should be given a problem tailored precisely to his or her skill level, not to the class average, and every answer needed to be assessed immediately to determine the next step. The task was clearly impossible for one teacher. That afternoon, Skinner set to work on a teaching machine. Today's computers have made the mechanical machine obsolete, but the principles of how to design instruction in steps that lead from a basic level to competent performance are as valid today as they were in the 20th century. This book brings together Skinner's writings on education during the years he was most involved in improving education.

Author : Pat Sloan
Publisher : Martingale
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-04
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
ISBN : 9781604688320

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Pat Sloan's Teach Me to Machine Quilt by Pat Sloan Pdf

Popular teacher, designer, and online radio host Pat Sloan teaches all you need to know to machine quilt successfully. In this third book of her beginner-friendly "Teach Me" series, Pat guides you step by step through walking-foot and free-motion quilting techniques. First-time quilters will be confidently quilting in no time, and experienced stitchers will discover the joy of finishing their quilts themselves. No-fear learning for quilting novices--Pat covers all the information you need to quilt from start to finish Pat guides you through simple and fun practice projects, including a strip-pieced table runner and an easy applique design Collect the entire skill-building library of Pat Sloan's popular "Teach Me" series of books

Author : Jonathan Zimmerman
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781421439105

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The Amateur Hour by Jonathan Zimmerman Pdf

The first full-length history of college teaching in the United States from the nineteenth century to the present, this book sheds new light on the ongoing tension between the modern scholarly ideal—scientific, objective, and dispassionate—and the inevitably subjective nature of day-to-day instruction. American college teaching is in crisis, or so we are told. But we've heard that complaint for the past 150 years, as critics have denounced the poor quality of instruction in undergraduate classrooms. Students daydream in gigantic lecture halls while a professor drones on, or they meet with a teaching assistant for an hour of aimless discussion. The modern university does not reward teaching, so faculty members at every level neglect it in favor of research and publication. In the first book-length history of American college teaching, Jonathan Zimmerman confirms but also contradicts these perennial complaints. Drawing upon a wide range of previously unexamined sources, The Amateur Hour shows how generations of undergraduates indicted the weak instruction they received. But Zimmerman also chronicles institutional efforts to improve it, especially by making teaching more "personal." As higher education grew into a gigantic industry, he writes, American colleges and universities introduced small-group activities and other reforms designed to counter the anonymity of mass instruction. They also experimented with new technologies like television and computers, which promised to "personalize" teaching by tailoring it to the individual interests and abilities of each student. But, Zimmerman reveals, the emphasis on the personal inhibited the professionalization of college teaching, which remains, ultimately, an amateur enterprise. The more that Americans treated teaching as a highly personal endeavor, dependent on the idiosyncrasies of the instructor, the less they could develop shared standards for it. Nor have they rigorously documented college instruction, a highly public activity which has taken place mostly in private. Pushing open the classroom door, The Amateur Hour illuminates American college teaching and frames a fresh case for restoring intimate learning communities, especially for America's least privileged students. Anyone who wants to change college teaching will have to start here.