Techniques Of The Observer

Author : Jonathan Crary
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1992-02-25
Category : Design
ISBN : 0262531070

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Techniques of the Observer by Jonathan Crary Pdf

Jonathan Crary's Techniques of the Observer provides a dramatically new perspective on the visual culture of the nineteenth century, reassessing problems of both visual modernism and social modernity. This analysis of the historical formation of the observer is a compelling account of the prehistory of the society of the spectacle. In Techniques of the Observer Jonathan Crary provides a dramatically new perspective on the visual culture of the nineteenth century, reassessing problems of both visual modernism and social modernity. Inverting conventional approaches, Crary considers the problem of visuality not through the study of art works and images, but by analyzing the historical construction of the observer. He insists that the problems of vision are inseparable from the operation of social power and examines how, beginning in the 1820s, the observer became the site of new discourses and practices that situated vision within the body as a physiological event. Alongside the sudden appearance of physiological optics, Crary points out, theories and models of "subjective vision" were developed that gave the observer a new autonomy and productivity while simultaneously allowing new forms of control and standardization of vision. Crary examines a range of diverse work in philosophy, in the empirical sciences, and in the elements of an emerging mass visual culture. He discusses at length the significance of optical apparatuses such as the stereoscope and of precinematic devices, detailing how they were the product of new physiological knowledge. He also shows how these forms of mass culture, usually labeled as "realist," were in fact based on abstract models of vision, and he suggests that mimetic or perspectival notions of vision and representation were initially abandoned in the first half of the nineteenth century within a variety of powerful institutions and discourses, well before the modernist painting of the 1870s and 1880s.

Author : Jonathan Crary
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1992-02-25
Category : Design
ISBN : 9780262531078

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Techniques of the Observer by Jonathan Crary Pdf

Jonathan Crary's Techniques of the Observer provides a dramatically new perspective on the visual culture of the nineteenth century, reassessing problems of both visual modernism and social modernity. This analysis of the historical formation of the observer is a compelling account of the prehistory of the society of the spectacle. In Techniques of the Observer Jonathan Crary provides a dramatically new perspective on the visual culture of the nineteenth century, reassessing problems of both visual modernism and social modernity. Inverting conventional approaches, Crary considers the problem of visuality not through the study of art works and images, but by analyzing the historical construction of the observer. He insists that the problems of vision are inseparable from the operation of social power and examines how, beginning in the 1820s, the observer became the site of new discourses and practices that situated vision within the body as a physiological event. Alongside the sudden appearance of physiological optics, Crary points out, theories and models of "subjective vision" were developed that gave the observer a new autonomy and productivity while simultaneously allowing new forms of control and standardization of vision. Crary examines a range of diverse work in philosophy, in the empirical sciences, and in the elements of an emerging mass visual culture. He discusses at length the significance of optical apparatuses such as the stereoscope and of precinematic devices, detailing how they were the product of new physiological knowledge. He also shows how these forms of mass culture, usually labeled as "realist," were in fact based on abstract models of vision, and he suggests that mimetic or perspectival notions of vision and representation were initially abandoned in the first half of the nineteenth century within a variety of powerful institutions and discourses, well before the modernist painting of the 1870s and 1880s.

Author : Jonathan Crary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:958949030

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Techniques of the Observer on Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century by Jonathan Crary Pdf

Author : Jonathan Crary
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001-08-24
Category : Design
ISBN : 0262531992

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Suspensions of Perception by Jonathan Crary Pdf

Suspensions of Perception decisively relocates the problem of aesthetic contemplation within a broader collective encounter with the unstable nature of perception—in psychology, philosophy, neurology, early cinema, and photography. Suspensions of Perception is a major historical study of human attention and its volatile role in modern Western culture. It argues that the ways in which we intently look at or listen to anything result from crucial changes in the nature of perception that can be traced back to the second half of the nineteenth century. Focusing on the period from about 1880 to 1905, Jonathan Crary examines the connections between the modernization of subjectivity and the dramatic expansion and industrialization of visual/auditory culture. At the core of his project is the paradoxical nature of modern attention, which was both a fundamental condition of individual freedom, creativity, and experience and a central element in the efficient functioning of economic and disciplinary institutions as well as the emerging spaces of mass consumption and spectacle. Crary approaches these issues through multiple analyses of single works by three key modernist painters—Manet, Seurat, and Cezanne—who each engaged in a singular confrontation with the disruptions, vacancies, and rifts within a perceptual field. Each in his own way discovered that sustained attentiveness, rather than fixing or securing the world, led to perceptual disintegration and loss of presence, and each used this discovery as the basis for a reinvention of representational practices. Suspensions of Perception decisively relocates the problem of aesthetic contemplation within a broader collective encounter with the unstable nature of perception—in psychology, philosophy, neurology, early cinema, and photography. In doing so, it provides a historical framework for understanding the current social crisis of attention amid the accelerating metamorphoses of our contemporary technological culture.

Author : William D. Crano,Marilynn B. Brewer,Andrew Lac
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000896831

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Principles and Methods of Social Research by William D. Crano,Marilynn B. Brewer,Andrew Lac Pdf

Through a multi-methodology approach, Principles and Methods of Social Research, Fourth Edition covers the latest research techniques and designs and guides readers toward the design and conduct of social research from the ground up. Applauded for its comprehensive coverage, the breadth and depth of content of this new edition is unparalleled. Explained with updated applied examples useful to the social, behavioral, educational, and organizational sciences, the methods described are relevant to contemporary researchers. The underlying logic and mechanics of experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental research strategies are discussed in detail. Introductory chapters cover topics such as validity and reliability furnish readers with a firm understanding of foundational concepts. The book has chapters dedicated to sampling, interviewing, questionnaire design, stimulus scaling, observational methods, content analysis, implicit measures, dyadic and group methods, and meta-analysis to cover these essential methodologies. Notable features include an emphasis on understanding the principles that govern the use of a method to facilitate the researcher’s choice of the best technique for a given situation; use of the laboratory experiment as a touchstone to describe and evaluate field experiments, correlational designs, quasi experiments, evaluation studies, and survey designs; and coverage of the ethics of social research including the power a researcher wields and tips on how to use it responsibly. The new edition features: Increased attention to the distinction between conceptual replication and exact replication and how each contributes to cumulative science. Updated research examples that clarify the operation of various research design operations. More learning tools including more explanation of the basic concepts, more research examples, and more tables and figures, such as additional illustrations to include internet content like social media. Extensive revisions and expansions of all chapters. A fuller discussion of the dangers of unethical treatment to research participants. Principles and Methods of Social Research, Fourth Edition is intended for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in research methods in psychology, communication, sociology, education, public health, and marketing, and further appeals to researchers in various fields of social research, such as social psychology and communication.

Author : Dev P. Chakraborty
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482214864

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Observer Performance Methods for Diagnostic Imaging by Dev P. Chakraborty Pdf

Gives an accessible overview of R programming for medical imaging and the methods of observer performance testing. Explains the fundamental statistical concepts. Reinforces learning using worked problems and R software code, in addition to examples that utilize standalone ROC software. Starts with basic ROC analysis and builds to extensions of ROC methods for solving more complex but clinically realistic tasks. Emphasizes psychophysical models of observer performance (e.g., binormal model, contaminated binormal model, proper ROC model), and demonstrates how they can give better results than from purely statistical approaches. Supplementary tools and materials available at: www.devchakraborty.com; www.expertcadanalytics.com.

Author : Jonathan Crary
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781781680933

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24/7 by Jonathan Crary Pdf

Capitalism's colonization of every hour in the day

Author : Joanne Morra,Marquard Smith
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Art and society
ISBN : 0415326451

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Visual Culture: Experiences in visual culture by Joanne Morra,Marquard Smith Pdf

These texts represent both the formation of visual culture, and the ways in which it has transformed, and continues to transform, our understanding and experience of the world as a visual domain.

Author : Katharina Rein
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-03
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781000891485

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Techniques of Illusion by Katharina Rein Pdf

This book explores stage conjuring during its “golden age,” from about 1860 to 1910. This study provides close readings highlighting four paradigmatic illusions of the time that stand in for different kinds of illusions typical of stage magic in the “golden age” and analyses them within their cultural and media-historical context: “Pepper’s Ghost,” the archetypical mirror illusion; “The Vanishing Lady,” staging a teleportation in a time of a dizzying acceleration of transport; “the levitation,” simulating weightlessness with the help of an extended steel machinery; and “The Second Sight,” a mind-reading illusion using up-to-date communication technologies. These close readings are completed by writings focusing on visual media and expanding the scope backwards and forwards in time, roughly to 1800 and to 2000. This exploration will be of great interest to students and scholars in theatre and performance studies.

Author : Thomas L. Hankins,Robert J. Silverman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0691005494

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Instruments and the Imagination by Thomas L. Hankins,Robert J. Silverman Pdf

Thomas Hankins and Robert Silverman investigate an array of instruments from the seventeenth through the nineteenth century that seem at first to be marginal to science--magnetic clocks that were said to operate by the movements of sunflower seeds, magic lanterns, ocular harpsichords (machines that played different colored lights in harmonious mixtures), Aeolian harps (a form of wind chime), and other instruments of "natural magic" designed to produce wondrous effects. By looking at these and the first recording instruments, the stereoscope, and speaking machines, the authors show that "scientific instruments" first made their appearance as devices used to evoke wonder in the beholder, as in works of magic and the theater. The authors also demonstrate that these instruments, even though they were often "tricks," were seen by their inventors as more than trickery. In the view of Athanasius Kircher, for instance, the sunflower clock was not merely a hoax, but an effort to demonstrate, however fraudulently, his truly held belief that the ability of a flower to follow the sun was due to the same cosmic magnetic influence as that which moved the planets and caused the rotation of the earth. The marvels revealed in this work raise and answer questions about the connections between natural science and natural magic, the meaning of demonstration, the role of language and the senses in science, and the connections among art, music, literature, and natural science. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Author : Shihua Li,Jun Yang,Wen-Hua Chen,Xisong Chen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466515802

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Disturbance Observer-Based Control by Shihua Li,Jun Yang,Wen-Hua Chen,Xisong Chen Pdf

Due to its abilities to compensate disturbances and uncertainties, disturbance observer based control (DOBC) is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for disturbance-attenuation. One of the first books on DOBC, Disturbance Observer Based Control: Methods and Applications presents novel theory results as well as best practices for applica

Author : Omar Naifar,Abdellatif Ben Makhlouf
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030927318

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Advances in Observer Design and Observation for Nonlinear Systems by Omar Naifar,Abdellatif Ben Makhlouf Pdf

This book discusses various methods for designing different kinds of observers, such as the Luenberger observer, unknown input observers, discontinuous observers, sliding mode observers, observers for impulsive systems, observers for nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems, and observers for electrical machines. A hydraulic process system and a renewable energy system are provided as examples of applications.

Author : Kathleen Musante DeWalt,Billie R. DeWalt
Publisher : Rowman Altamira
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780759119277

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Participant Observation by Kathleen Musante DeWalt,Billie R. DeWalt Pdf

Participant observation is the foundation of ethnographic research design and supports and complements other types of qualitative and quantitative data collection. Qualitative research in such diverse areas as anthropology, sociology, education, medicine draws on the insights gained through the use of participant observation. The authors have written a guide to the collection of systematic data in naturalistic settings - communities in many different cultures - to achieve an understanding of the most fundamental processes and patterns of social life. This book serves as a basic primer for the beginning researcher and as a useful reference and guide for experienced researchers in many fields who wish to reexamine their own skills and abilities in light of best practices of participant observation. This new edition includes discussions of participant observation in nontypical settings, such as the Internet, participant observation in applied research, and ethics of participant observation. It also explores in greater depth the use of computer-assisted analysis of textual data in issues of sampling and in linking method with theory.

Author : Mario Gandelsonas
Publisher : Princeton Architectural Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : City planning
ISBN : 9781568981512

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X-Urbanism by Mario Gandelsonas Pdf

Examines configurations of urban space, analyzing them in ways that blur the traditional opposition between figure and ground.

Author : Martin Jay
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1993-10-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780520915381

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Downcast Eyes by Martin Jay Pdf

Long considered "the noblest of the senses," vision has increasingly come under critical scrutiny by a wide range of thinkers who question its dominance in Western culture. These critics of vision, especially prominent in twentieth-century France, have challenged its allegedly superior capacity to provide access to the world. They have also criticized its supposed complicity with political and social oppression through the promulgation of spectacle and surveillance. Martin Jay turns to this discourse surrounding vision and explores its often contradictory implications in the work of such influential figures as Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, Guy Debord, Luce Irigaray, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jacques Derrida. Jay begins with a discussion of the theory of vision from Plato to Descartes, then considers its role in the French Enlightenment before turning to its status in the culture of modernity. From consideration of French Impressionism to analysis of Georges Bataille and the Surrealists, Roland Barthes's writings on photography, and the film theory of Christian Metz, Jay provides lucid and fair-minded accounts of thinkers and ideas widely known for their difficulty. His book examines the myriad links between the interrogation of vision and the pervasive antihumanist, antimodernist, and counter-enlightenment tenor of much recent French thought. Refusing, however, to defend the dominant visual order, he calls instead for a plurality of "scopic regimes." Certain to generate controversy and discussion throughout the humanities and social sciences, Downcast Eyes will consolidate Jay's reputation as one of today's premier cultural and intellectual historians.