Technocrats And The Politics Of Drought And Development In Twentieth Century Brazil

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Technocrats and the Politics of Drought and Development in Twentieth-Century Brazil

Eve E. Buckley
Technocrats and the Politics of Drought and Development in Twentieth Century Brazil Book PDF

Author : Eve E. Buckley
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469634319

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Technocrats and the Politics of Drought and Development in Twentieth-Century Brazil by Eve E. Buckley Pdf

Eve E. Buckley’s study of twentieth-century Brazil examines the nation’s hard social realities through the history of science, focusing on the use of technology and engineering as vexed instruments of reform and economic development. Nowhere was the tension between technocratic optimism and entrenched inequality more evident than in the drought-ridden Northeast sertão, plagued by chronic poverty, recurrent famine, and mass migrations. Buckley reveals how the physicians, engineers, agronomists, and mid-level technocrats working for federal agencies to combat drought were pressured by politicians to seek out a technological magic bullet that would both end poverty and obviate the need for land redistribution to redress long-standing injustices.

Technocratic Visions

J. Justin Castro,James A. Garza
Technocratic Visions Book PDF

Author : J. Justin Castro,James A. Garza
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822989202

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Technocratic Visions by J. Justin Castro,James A. Garza Pdf

Technocratic Visions examines the context and societal consequences of technologies, technocratic governance, and development in Mexico, home of the first professional engineering school in the Americas. Contributors focus on the influential role of engineers, especially civil engineers, but also mining engineers, military engineers, architects, and other infrastructural and mechanical technicians. During the mid-nineteenth century, a period of immense upheaval and change domestically and globally, troubled governments attempted to expand and modernize Mexico’s engineering programs while resisting foreign invasion and adapting new Western technologies to existing precolonial and colonial foundations. The Mexican Revolution in 1910 greatly expanded technocratic practices as state agents attempted to control popular unrest and unify disparate communities via science, education, and infrastructure. Within this backdrop of political unrest, Technocratic Visions describes engineering sites as places both praised and protested, where personal, local, national, and global interests combined into new forms of societal creation; and as places that became centers of contests over representation, health, identity, and power. With an eye on contextualizing current problems stemming from Mexico’s historical development, this volume reveals how these transformations were uniquely Mexican and thoroughly global.

A World Without Hunger

Archie Davies
A World Without Hunger Book PDF

Author : Archie Davies
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781802079012

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A World Without Hunger by Archie Davies Pdf

An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library as part of the Opening the Future project with COPIM.Drawing on the rich personal archive of the geographer Josué de Castro, this book tells a new history of geography by following one of the twentieth century’s most influential and creative Brazilian intellectuals from the estuarine city of Recife to the halls of the UN, the chambers of Brasília, and exile amid the political fervour of the universities of Paris in 1968. This is the first English language book on the absorbing life of Josué de Castro. It follows modern anticolonial geographical thought in formation, re-reading Castro’s metabolic, humanist geography as the anchor of a utopian practice of freedom: the demand for a world without hunger. Starting from Castro’s life and work, the book offers new takes on the history of nutrition, translation in geography, Brazilian modernist art and practice in post-war internationalism, the radical geographical intellectual, the problem of the region in the Brazilian Northeast, and the birth of political ecology and critical environmental thought. At once a biographical intellectual history and a work of geographical theory, this innovative book tells the story of 20th century geography from a new angle and in new company.

History of Technology

Ian Inkster
History of Technology Book PDF

Author : Ian Inkster
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781350085602

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History of Technology by Ian Inkster Pdf

Despite having undergone major advances in recent years, the history of technology in Latin America is still an understudied topic. This is the first English-language volume to bring together a variety of critical perspectives on the history of technology in Latin America from the early-19th century through to the present day. This special issue, assembled by guest editor David Pretel, brings together a range of experts to explore a plethora of topics in Latin America's technological history. Papers include a study of rural telephony in in 20th-century Latin America; the rise of the 'Techno-class' in modern Brazil; an analysis of the rise and fall of three Caribbean commodities; the history of educational technology in Latin America, and science and technology in Cold War Chile. Special Issue: Technology in Latin American History Edited by David Pretel (Colegio de Mexico, Mexico) and Helge Wendt (Max Plank Institute for the History of Science, Germany)

Nationalizing Nature

Frederico Freitas
Nationalizing Nature Book PDF

Author : Frederico Freitas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108844833

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Nationalizing Nature by Frederico Freitas Pdf

An insightful look at how Brazil and Argentina employed national parks to develop and settle frontier areas.

Region Out of Place

Courtney J. Campbell
Region Out of Place Book PDF

Author : Courtney J. Campbell
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822987628

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Region Out of Place by Courtney J. Campbell Pdf

The Brazilian Northeast has long been a marginalized region with a complex relationship to national identity. It is often portrayed as impoverished, backward, and rebellious, yet traditional and culturally authentic. Brazil is known for its strong national identity, but national identities do not preclude strong regional identities. In Region Out of Place, Courtney J. Campbell examines how groups within the region have asserted their identity, relevance, and uniqueness through interactions that transcend national borders. From migration to labor mobilization, from wartime dating to beauty pageants, from literacy movements to representations of banditry in film, Campbell explores how the development of regional cultural identity is a modern, internationally embedded conversation that circulated among Brazilians of every social class. Part of a region-based nationalism that reflects the anxiety that conflicting desires for modernity, progress, and cultural authenticity provoked in the twentieth century, this identity was forged by residents who continually stepped out of their expected roles, taking their region’s concerns to an international stage.

Itineraries of Expertise

Andra Chastain,Timothy Lorek
Itineraries of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Andra Chastain,Timothy Lorek
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822987321

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Itineraries of Expertise by Andra Chastain,Timothy Lorek Pdf

Itineraries of Expertise contends that experts and expertise played fundamental roles in the Latin American Cold War. While traditional Cold War histories of the region have examined diplomatic, intelligence, and military operations and more recent studies have probed the cultural dimensions of the conflict, the experts who constitute the focus of this volume escaped these categories. Although they often portrayed themselves as removed from politics, their work contributed to the key geopolitical agendas of the day. The paths traveled by the experts in this volume not only traversed Latin America and connected Latin America to the Global North, they also stretch traditional chronologies of the Latin American Cold War to show how local experts in the early twentieth century laid the foundation for post–World War II development projects, and how Cold War knowledge of science, technology, and the environment continues to impact our world today. These essays unite environmental history and the history of science and technology to argue for the importance of expertise in the Latin American Cold War.

Hydropower in Authoritarian Brazil

Matthew P. Johnson
Hydropower in Authoritarian Brazil Book PDF

Author : Matthew P. Johnson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781009428699

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Hydropower in Authoritarian Brazil by Matthew P. Johnson Pdf

This timely examination of hydropower in Brazil brings nuance to energy debates, centring social and environmental justice.

Agriculture's Energy

Thomas D. Rogers
Agriculture s Energy Book PDF

Author : Thomas D. Rogers
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469670461

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Agriculture's Energy by Thomas D. Rogers Pdf

Thomas D. Rogers's history of a modernizing Brazil tracks what happened when a key government program,created in the 1970s by the nation's military regime, aspired to harness energy produced by sugarcane agriculture to power the country's economy. The National Alcohol Program, known as Proalcool, was a deliberate economic strategy designed to incentivize ethanol production and reduce gasoline consumption. As Brazil's capacity grew and as international oil shocks continued, the regime's planners doubled down on Proalcool. Drawing financing from international lenders and curiosity from other oil-dependent countries, for a time it was the world's largest oil-substitution and renewable-energy program. Chronicling how Proalcool experimented with and exemplified the consolidation of government, agribusiness, large planters, agricultural and chemical research companies, and oil producers, this book expands into a rich investigation of the arc of Brazil's Green Revolution. The ethanol boom epitomized the vector of that arc, but Rogers keeps wider development imperatives in view. He dramatizes the choices and trade-offs that ultimately resulted in a losing energy strategy, for Proalcool ended up creating a large contingent of impoverished workers, serious environmental degradation, and persistent hunger. The full consequences of the Green Revolution–fueled consolidation continue to take a toll today.

Health and Development

Iris Borowy,Bernard Harris
Health and Development Book PDF

Author : Iris Borowy,Bernard Harris
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9783111015583

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Health and Development by Iris Borowy,Bernard Harris Pdf

Health and development require one another: there can be no development without a critical mass of people who are sufficiently healthy to do whatever it takes for development to occur, and people cannot be healthy without societal developments that enable standards of health to be maintained or improved. However, the ways in which health and development interact are complex and contested. This volume unites eleven case studies from nine countries in three continents and two international organizations since the late-nineteenth century. Collectively, they show how different actors have struggled to reconcile the sometimes contradictory nature of health and development policies, and the subordination of these policies to a range of political objectives.

On Our Own Terms

Sarah Foss
On Our Own Terms Book PDF

Author : Sarah Foss
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469670348

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On Our Own Terms by Sarah Foss Pdf

During the Cold War, U.S. intervention in Latin American politics, economics, and society grew in scope and complexity, with diplomatic legacies evident in today's hemispheric policies. Development became a key form of intervention as government officials and experts from the United States and Latin America believed that development could foster hemispheric solidarity and security. In parts of Latin America, its implementation was especially intricate because recipients of these programs were diverse Indigenous peoples with their own politics, economics, and cultures. Contrary to project planners' expectations, Indigenous beneficiaries were not passive recipients but actively engaged with development interventions and, in the process, redefined racialized ideas about Indigeneity. Sarah Foss illustrates how this process transpired in Cold War Guatemala, spanning democratic revolution, military coups, and genocidal civil war. Drawing on previously unused sources such as oral histories, anthropologists' field notes, military records, municipal and personal archives, and a private photograph collection, Foss analyzes the uses and consequences of development and its relationship to ideas about race from multiple perspectives, emphasizing its historical significance as a form of intervention during the Cold War.

Sweet Fuel

Jennifer Eaglin
Sweet Fuel Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Eaglin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197510681

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Sweet Fuel by Jennifer Eaglin Pdf

Early sugar and ethanol policy, 1933-1959 -- Sugar, ethanol, and development, 1959-1975 -- Proálcool, 1975-1985 -- Lakes of sacrifice: ethanol and water pollution -- Proálcool, caneworkers, and the guariba strikes of 1984 -- Proálcool reimagined, 1985-2003.

Making the Green Revolution

Timothy W. Lorek
Making the Green Revolution Book PDF

Author : Timothy W. Lorek
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781469673837

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Making the Green Revolution by Timothy W. Lorek Pdf

In November 2017, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) celebrated its fiftieth anniversary at its headquarters outside Palmira, Colombia. As an important research center of the so-called Green Revolution in agricultural science and technologies, CIAT emphasizes its contributions to sustainability, food security, gender equity, inclusive markets, and resilient, climate-smart agriculture. Yet these terms hardly describe the Cauca Valley where CIAT is physically located, a place that has been transformed into an industrial monoculture of sugarcane where thirteen Colombian corporations oversee the vast majority of this valley's famously fertile soil. This exemplifies the paradox Timothy W. Lorek describes in Making the Green Revolution: an international research center emphasizing small-scale and sustainable agricultural systems sited conspicuously on a landscape otherwise dominated by a large-scale corporate sugarcane industry. Utilizing archives in Colombia, Puerto Rico, and the United States, Lorek tracks the paradoxical but intertwined twentieth-century processes that produced both CIAT and sugar in the Cauca Valley. This history reveals how Colombians contributed to the rise of a global Green Revolution and how that international process in turn intersected with a complex and long-running rural conflict in Colombia.

The Routledge Handbook of Science and Empire

Andrew Goss
The Routledge Handbook of Science and Empire Book PDF

Author : Andrew Goss
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000404852

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The Routledge Handbook of Science and Empire by Andrew Goss Pdf

The focus of this volume is the history of imperial science between 1600 and 1960, although some essays reach back prior to 1600 and the section about decolonization includes post-1960 material. Each contributed chapter, written by an expert in the field, provides an analytical review essay of the field, while also providing an overview of the topic. There is now a rich literature developed by historians of science as well as scholars of empire demonstrating the numerous ways science and empire grew together, especially between 1600 and 1960.

The Routledge Handbook of Infrastructure Design

Joseph Heathcott
The Routledge Handbook of Infrastructure Design Book PDF

Author : Joseph Heathcott
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-31
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781000528633

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The Routledge Handbook of Infrastructure Design by Joseph Heathcott Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Infrastructure Design explores the multifaceted nature of infrastructure through the global lens of architectural history. Infrastructure holds the world together. Yet even as it connects some people, it divides others, sorting access and connectivity through varied social categories such as class, race, gender, and citizenship. This collection examines themes across broad spans of time, raises questions of linkage and scale, investigates infrastructure as phenomenon and affect, and traces the interrelation of aesthetics, technology, and power. With a diverse range of contributions from 33 scholars, this volume presents new research from regions including South and East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South America, North America, Western Europe, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union. This extraordinary group of authors bring close attention to the materials, functions, and aesthetics of infrastructure systems as these unfold within their cultural and political contexts. They provide not only new knowledge of specific artifacts, such as the Valens Aqueduct, the Hong Kong waterfront, and the Pan-American Highway, but also new ways of conceptualizing, studying, and understanding infrastructure as a worlding process. The Routledge Handbook of Infrastructure Design provides richly textured, thoroughly evidenced, and imaginatively drawn arguments that deepen our understanding of the role of infrastructure in creating the world in which we live. It is a must-read for academics and students.