Telecommunications Universal Service

Author : Barbara A. Cherry,Steven S. Wildman,Allen S. Hammond, IV,Allen S. Hammond
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1999-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781135687977

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Making Universal Service Policy by Barbara A. Cherry,Steven S. Wildman,Allen S. Hammond, IV,Allen S. Hammond Pdf

This book is the outgrowth of shared interests between the editors and the contributing authors to provide a multidisciplinary perspective in evaluating universal service policy and recommending policy changes to accommodate a more competitive telecommunications environment. The book is interdisciplinary in nature to reflect the extremely complex context in which universal service policy is formed. The chapter authors represent a broad cross-section of disciplinary training, professional positions, and relationships in the telecommunications industry. Academic disciplines represented include law, economics, anthropology, communication, and business. This book's purpose is to significantly enhance the development of effective telecommunications universal service policy among policymakers, industry members, and stakeholders in the United States. Universal service policy has been, and will continue to be, both enabled and constrained by the simultaneous interaction of social, political, technological, and economic forces in the environment in which it is formed. A more effective process for policy design is to seek agreement on how entitlements embedded in universal service policy should be modified as circumstances invariably change over time. Therefore, the volume reflects recent significant developments in U.S. universal service policy--the implementation of which continues to unfold.

Author : Milton Mueller
Publisher : American Enterprise Institute
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0844740632

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Universal Service by Milton Mueller Pdf

This book revisits the critical period of unbridled competition between the Bell System and independent telephone companies early in this century.

Author : Colin Jones,Australian Telecommunications Authority
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Telecommunication
ISBN : 0642254559

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Telecommunications Universal Service by Colin Jones,Australian Telecommunications Authority Pdf

Author : Cristina Murroni,Richard Collins
Publisher : Institute for Public Policy Research
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Telecommunication policy
ISBN : 1860300103

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New Issues in Universal Service Obligation by Cristina Murroni,Richard Collins Pdf

Author : Patrick Xavier
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Telecommunication
ISBN : STANFORD:36105017535738

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Universal Service Obligations in a Competitive Telecommunications Environment by Patrick Xavier Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Rural telecommunication
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050432066

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Universal Service by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet Pdf

Author : Donald Gale
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2006-05-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781581123227

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Universal Service in a Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment by Donald Gale Pdf

The telecommunications industry has evolved into a very competitive industry since 1980. Aggressive competition is the norm in the long distance, equipment, operator services and many other segments of the industry. The remaining segment of the market without widespread meaningful competition is the "last-mile" wireline service to the customer premise. Incumbent local exchange carriers enjoy a monopoly to serve nearly all residences and most business customers, collecting over 99% of all local exchange service revenues. Using their monopoly status, incumbents have developed a cross-subsidy system which uses the rates paid by some customers to lower the rates paid by others to support a policy known as "universal service." This policy has resulted in telephone service reaching 94% of America's households. Carriers claim that this policy cost them $20 billion annually, potential entrants claim the true cost is as low as $4 billion and the rest is profit. In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress ordered the end of the local exchange monopoly and opened the local markets to competition. Congress also specified the continuation of universal service, specified that telephone penetration should be increased and specified that the universal service concept will be applied to America's schools, libraries and rural health centers. Congress also specified that, unlike today, all carriers will contribute fairly and equitably fairly to the universal service fund and that all carriers providing local service, including new competitors, will be eligible to receive support from the fund. The cost to meet these requirements in a competitive environment totals $7.2 billion, or 5.1% of net carrier revenue. This thesis addresses the definition of universal service and the services that should be eligible for support, the new competitive environment, how to collect the universal service support fund, and how to best distribute the funds to customers targeted to receive support from the system: those in high-cost areas, low-income consumers, and schools and libraries for advanced communications services.

Author : Seán Ó Siochrú,International Development Research Centre (Canada)
Publisher : IDRC
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Telecommunication
ISBN : 9780889368095

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Telecommunications and Universal Service by Seán Ó Siochrú,International Development Research Centre (Canada) Pdf

Telecommunications and Universal Service: International experience in the context of South African policy reform

Author : Robert W. Crandall,Leonard Waverman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815719724

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Who Pays for Universal Service? by Robert W. Crandall,Leonard Waverman Pdf

In virtually every country, the price of residential access to the telephone network is kept low and cross-subsidized by business services, long distance calling, and various other telephone services. This pricing practice is widely defended as necessary to promote "universal service," but Crandall and Waverman show that it has little effect on telephone subscriptions while it has major harmful effects on the value of all telephone service. The higher prices for long distance calls reduce calling, shift the burden of paying for the network to those whose social networks are widely dispersed. Therefore, many poor and rural households--the intended beneficiaries of the pricing strategy--are forced to pay far more for telephone service than they would if prices reflected the cost of service. Despite these burdens, Congress has extended the subsidies to advanced services for schools, libraries, and rural health facilities. Crandall and Waverman show that other regulated utilities are not burdened with similarly inefficient cross-subsidy schemes, yet universality of water, natural gas, and electricity service is achieved. As local telephone service competition develops in the wake of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, the universal-service subsidy system will have to change. Subsidies will have to be paid from taxes on telecom services and paid directly to carriers or subscribers. Crandall and Waverman show that an intrastate tax designed to pay for each state's subsidized subscriptions is far less costly to the economy than an interstate tax. Robert W. Crandall is a senior fellow in Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution. Leonard Waverman is a visiting professor at the London Business School, on leave from the University of Toronto. They are coauthors of Talk Is Cheap: The Promise of Regulatory Reform in North American Telecommunications (Brookings, 1995).

Author : Olga Batura
Publisher : Springer
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789462650817

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Universal Service in WTO and EU law by Olga Batura Pdf

This book is a systematic comparative study of WTO and EU law relevant for universal service provision, and a timely contribution to the ongoing scholarly and policy debates about the concept and scope of universal service. Universal service is one of the most significant regulatory issues worldwide and it is likely to remain so. The central question dealt with by the author is how the technologically intensive sector of telecommunications services can be regulated in a socially fair way in the light of liberalisation and the immense importance of ICTs in the Information Society. The author investigates whether the legal frameworks of WTO and EU can meet the challenges of the rapid and dramatic technological and social change and formulates relevant policy recommendations. The book is of interest to both scholars and practitioners in several disciplines, such as EU and WTO law, telecommunications law and regulation, political science regarding market regulation and governance as well as European integration and WTO. Olga Batura is affiliated to the Leuphana Law School, University of Lüneburg, Germany, and to the European Humanities University in Vilnius, Lithania.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : LOC:00119452454

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The Future of Universal Service by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet Pdf

Author : Jean-Jacques Laffont,Jean Tirole
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262621509

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Competition in Telecommunications by Jean-Jacques Laffont,Jean Tirole Pdf

The authors analyze regulatory reform and the emergence of competitionin network industries using the state-of-the-art theoretical tools ofindustrial organization, political economy, and the economics ofincentives.

Author : Charley Lewis
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 3030435296

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Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa by Charley Lewis Pdf

This book provides the first full account of the 20-year story of universal access and service in South Africa’s ICT sector. From 1994 the country’s first democratic government set out to redress the deep digital divide afflicting the overwhelming majority of its citizens, already poor and disenfranchised, but likewise marginalised in access to telephone infrastructure and services. By this time, an incipient global policy regime was driving reforms in the telecomms sector, and also developing good practice models for universal service. Policy diffusion thus led South Africa to adopt, adapt and implement a slew of these interventions. In particular, roll-out obligations were imposed on licensees, and a universal service fund was established. But an agency with a universal service mandate was also created; and licences in under-serviced areas were awarded. The book goes on to identify and analyse the policy success and failure of each of these interventions, and suggests some lessons to be learned.

Author : Michael J. Bourk
Publisher : Tomw Communications Pty Ltd
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Communication devices for people with disabilities
ISBN : 9780646391595

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Universal Service? by Michael J. Bourk Pdf

Author : Australian Telecommunications Authority
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Telecommunication
ISBN : 0642259917

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Telecommunications Universal Service by Australian Telecommunications Authority Pdf