The Afar Volcanic Province Within The East African Rift System

Author : G. Yirgu,Cindy J. Ebinger,P. K. H. Maguire
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1862391963

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The Afar Volcanic Province Within the East African Rift System by G. Yirgu,Cindy J. Ebinger,P. K. H. Maguire Pdf

The seismically and volcanically active East African Rift System is an ideal laboratory for continental break-up processes: it encompasses all stages of rift development. Its northernmost sectors within the Afar volcanic province include failed rifts, nascent sea-floor spreading, and youthful passive continental margins associated with one or more mantle plumes. A number of models have been proposed to explain the success and failure of continental rift zones, but there remains no consensus on how strain localizes to achieve rupture of initially 125-250 km-thick plates, or on the interaction between the plates and asthenospheric processes. This collection of papers provides new structural, stratigraphic, geochemical and geophysical data and numerical models needed to resolve fundamental questions concerning continental break-up and mantle plume processes. The focus is on how mantle melt intrudes and is distributed through the plate, and how this magma intrusion process controls along-axis segmentation and facilitates break-up.

Author : Celia Nyamweru
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Great Rift Valley
ISBN : STANFORD:36105017492013

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Rifts and Volcanoes by Celia Nyamweru Pdf

Author : Brian Howard Baker,Paul A. Mohr,Laurence Albert Joseph Williams
Publisher : Geological Society of America
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813721361

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Geology of the Eastern Rift System of Africa by Brian Howard Baker,Paul A. Mohr,Laurence Albert Joseph Williams Pdf

Author : R. W. Girdler
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483257150

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East African Rifts by R. W. Girdler Pdf

Developments in Geotectonics, 7: East African Rifts focuses on the movements, structure, and behavior of the East African rift system. The selection first offers information on the surface structure and plate tectonics of Afar; tectonic and magmatic significance of volcanism in the Afar depression; and preliminary interpretation of the gravity field of Afar, northeast Ethiopia. Discussions focus on crustal models of Afar based on gravity and seismic data, tectonics, volcanism, geological setting, and crustal extension. The text also elaborates on the gravity survey of the central part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley and an aeromagnetic survey of the Afar triangle of Ethiopia. The book examines the arrangement and development of continental rift zones, East African rift development, and the seismicity of the East African rift system. Topics include earthquake mechanisms, seismicity, and the main categories of rift zones. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in the East African rifts.

Author : Jacques Varet
Publisher : Springer
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319608655

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Geology of Afar (East Africa) by Jacques Varet Pdf

This book summarizes the geological knowledge accumulated on Afar in the last 60 years, demonstrating that it is, and will remain, a real “hot spot” for geological and geophysical research. It provides insights into the Earth processes along diverging plate boundaries, the study of both the continental and oceanic lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere, and margins and transitions including magmatic, volcanic, tectonic, sedimentary, hydrothermal and geodynamic processes. The Afar triangle is a geological depression that developed where the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea and East African Rift Valley meet. It is considered to be one of the Earth system’s most important mantle plumes. In 1967, when the first expedition was organized, there was little information on the geology of the area, and even geographic base maps were lacking. However, the first satellite photographs from the Apollo and Gemini space missions offered a complete picture of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden region, providing a new vision of the Afar triangle. The book describes the unique geological features that make Afar the only place in the world where an oceanic plate boundary with all its successive steps of development can be observed in the open air. It also presents the Afar triangle as one of the cradles of first, now extinct hominids. The Middle Awash area contains sites of several fossil discoveries, such as the well-known Lucy. The hydrothermal processes in Afar provide conditions suitable for the study of the most primitive forms of life (archaebacterial) and it is also one of the few places where significant quantities of telluric energy are available at the surface for geothermal development. Further, the area has economically interesting mineral deposits and illustrates a number of current climate change issues. In addition to providing geological information, the book shows that Afar is an area where an individual human population developed with its own language and culture, and which adapted to the rugged landscape and extremely dry and hot climate. It is a valuable resource for scientists and students, and also serves the needs of the Afar nation, currently split in three different countries as a result of recent historical events.

Author : Jacques Varet
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319608630

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Geology of Afar (East Africa) by Jacques Varet Pdf

This book summarizes the geological knowledge accumulated on Afar in the last 60 years, demonstrating that it is, and will remain, a real “hot spot” for geological and geophysical research. It provides insights into the Earth processes along diverging plate boundaries, the study of both the continental and oceanic lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere, and margins and transitions including magmatic, volcanic, tectonic, sedimentary, hydrothermal and geodynamic processes. The Afar triangle is a geological depression that developed where the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea and East African Rift Valley meet. It is considered to be one of the Earth system’s most important mantle plumes. In 1967, when the first expedition was organized, there was little information on the geology of the area, and even geographic base maps were lacking. However, the first satellite photographs from the Apollo and Gemini space missions offered a complete picture of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden region, providing a new vision of the Afar triangle. The book describes the unique geological features that make Afar the only place in the world where an oceanic plate boundary with all its successive steps of development can be observed in the open air. It also presents the Afar triangle as one of the cradles of first, now extinct hominids. The Middle Awash area contains sites of several fossil discoveries, such as the well-known Lucy. The hydrothermal processes in Afar provide conditions suitable for the study of the most primitive forms of life (archaebacterial) and it is also one of the few places where significant quantities of telluric energy are available at the surface for geothermal development. Further, the area has economically interesting mineral deposits and illustrates a number of current climate change issues. In addition to providing geological information, the book shows that Afar is an area where an individual human population developed with its own language and culture, and which adapted to the rugged landscape and extremely dry and hot climate. It is a valuable resource for scientists and students, and also serves the needs of the Afar nation, currently split in three different countries as a result of recent historical events.

Author : John Barry Dawson
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Geology, Stratigraphic
ISBN : 1862392676

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The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania by John Barry Dawson Pdf

The structure and volcanic activity of the northern Tanzania sector of the Gregory Rift Valley have hitherto been less well described than those in Ethiopia and Kenya. This book focuses on northern Tanzania where, although the volcanic area is smaller than those to the north, there are major features such as Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain on the African continent; Ngorongoro, one of the largest calderas on Earth; and Oldoinyo Lengai, the world's only active carbonatite volcano. Following an account of the discovery and early exploration of the rift valley, there are descriptions of the individual volcanoes. These are set within the context of the regional geology and geophysics of the rift valley, and in relation to the structural evolution of the rift and its associated sedimentary basins which include Olduvai, an important site in the history of human evolution The volume concludes with a discussion of the volcanism as related to the plume-related African Superswell.

Author : Luigi Beccaluva,Gianluca Bianchini,B. Marjorie Wilson
Publisher : Geological Society of America
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780813724782

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Volcanism and Evolution of the African Lithosphere by Luigi Beccaluva,Gianluca Bianchini,B. Marjorie Wilson Pdf

Author : T.J. Wright,A. Ayele,D.J. Ferguson,T. Kidane,C. Vye-Brown
Publisher : Geological Society of London
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781862397293

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Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism by T.J. Wright,A. Ayele,D.J. Ferguson,T. Kidane,C. Vye-Brown Pdf

A major rifting episode began in the Afar region of northern Ethiopia in September 2005. Over a ten-day period, c. 2.5 km3 of magma were intruded along a 60 km-long dyke separating the Arabian and Nubian plates. Over the next five years, a further 13 dyke intrusions caused continued extension, eruptions and seismicity. This activity led to a renewed international focus on the role of magmatism in rifting, with major international collaborative projects working in Afar and Ethiopia to study the ongoing activity and to place it in a broader context. This book brings together articles that explore the role of magmatism in rifting, from the initiation of continental break-up through to full seafloor spreading. We also explore the hazards related to rifting and the associated volcanism. This work has implications for our understanding of how continents break-up and the associated distribution of resources in rift basins and continental margins.

Author : Alik Ismail-Zadeh,Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi,Andrzej Kijko,Kuniyoshi Takeuchi,Ilya Zaliapin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-04-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781107033863

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Extreme Natural Hazards, Disaster Risks and Societal Implications by Alik Ismail-Zadeh,Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi,Andrzej Kijko,Kuniyoshi Takeuchi,Ilya Zaliapin Pdf

A unique interdisciplinary approach to disaster risk research, including global hazards and case-studies, for researchers, graduate students and professionals.

Author : David G. Roberts
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444563569

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Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins by David G. Roberts Pdf

This volume discusses the importance of rift systems and the structural evolution of the Earth. It analyses active rifts in East Africa, China and Siberia, and presents overviews of sequence stratigraphy in rifts and structural controls on clastic and carbonate sedimentation.

Author : Michael Schagerl
Publisher : Springer
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319286228

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Soda Lakes of East Africa by Michael Schagerl Pdf

This book is devoted to the alkaline-saline lakes of East Africa, which include the world-famous “flamingo lakes”. It covers the full range of issues, from the lakes’ origin and history, life in and around these unique water bodies, to utilization, threats and management considerations. The authors, all of whom are leading international experts, summarize research done so far, highlight new and important findings, and provide future outlooks. The book is divided into three main sections: “Genesis, physics and chemistry” tackles lake development and the astounding physico-chemistry of the lakes. “Organisms and ecology” presents information about the many lake inhabitants, their interactions and adaptations to the extreme living conditions. “Utilization, management and perspectives” addresses threats such as lake exploitation and pollution, but also considers potential uses. This book will be particularly relevant to researchers and lecturers in the field of limnology and aquatic ecology, but is also designed to attract all those interested in nature and life on our planet.

Author : Athanas Simon Macheyeki,Dalaly Peter Kafumu
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323956437

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The East African Rift System by Athanas Simon Macheyeki,Dalaly Peter Kafumu Pdf

The East African Rift System: Geodynamics and Natural Resource Potentials provides state-of-the-art knowledge and skills on how to explore, model, and extract the resources, using the East African Rift System (EARS) as a model. Each aspect to be discussed in the East African Rift System shall have its equivalent case study and readers interested in each rift of the world will find something connected or linked to his/her rift system of interest, be it a sub-chapter on earthquakes, geothermal energy models, etc. The East African Rift System: Geodynamics and Natural Resource Potentials also describes rifting models of all other known rifts (especially continental rifts) of the world such as the Basin and Range Province, Rio Grande (USA); Rhine Graben (France and Germany); the Tibetan Rohai (Tibet); the Shaanxi Bohai (China); Lake Baikal (Russia); North Island (Australia); and the Aegean Sea Rift (Turkey). Key aspects to be presented shall be: rift type, rift age, rift physical dimensions, geothermal gradient models, natural resources, and models of exploration. Connects the science of rift systems to their economic potentials using the East African Rift System as the prime example Includes discussions and case studies from rift systems around the world Features chapters dedicated to natural resources, such as mineral deposit types (Au, He, REE, U) and the basic principles of their exploration?

Author : L. E. Frostick
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Geology
ISBN : UCSD:31822002420057

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Sedimentation in the African Rifts by L. E. Frostick Pdf

Author : Roberto Sulpizio,Antonio Costa,Geoffrey Wadge
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-10
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889452774

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Stress Field Control of Eruption Dynamics by Roberto Sulpizio,Antonio Costa,Geoffrey Wadge Pdf

Increasing evidence supports the claim that stress changes play a fundamental role in triggering volcanic eruptions. Stress changes may vary in origin to include earthquakes, erosion and landslide processes, deglaciation, or tidal effects. The local stress can also change as response of magma influx from deeper reservoirs and an increase of the magma/gas pressure. The stress transfer may be of great importance in reawakening a dormant system. As an example, significant statistical correlation of large earthquakes and eruptions in time and space was suggested in many works. The interaction may be two-fold; where magma intrusions may change the stress at active faults and trigger earthquakes, while tectonic earthquakes may affect the magmatic system and change the eruption activity. The change in local tectonic stress has been claimed as trigger of large ignimbrite eruptions or for controlling the eruptive style of explosive eruptions. Sometimes volcano systems that are nested or closely located may become active in chorus; neighbouring volcanoes may interact in the sense that one volcano triggers its neighbouring volcano. However, although there is ample evidence of concurrence, the processes of interacting volcanoes and near- to far-field tectonic stress are not well understood. Some studies suggest that volcanic eruptions are triggered if compressive stress acts at the magma system and “squeezes” out magma. Other studies suggest that extensional stress fields facilitate magma rise and thus encourage eruptions, or that fluctuating compression and extension during the passing of seismic waves trigger eruptions. This research topic tries to address some of the important open questions in interaction between stress field and volcanic eruption, though both review papers and new contributions.