The Biological Threat Reduction Program Of The Department Of Defense

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Prevention of Proliferation of Biological Weapons
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309179515

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The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Prevention of Proliferation of Biological Weapons Pdf

This Congressionally-mandated report identifies areas for further cooperation with Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union under the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of the Department of Defense in the specific area of prevention of proliferation of biological weapons. The report reviews relevant U.S. government programs, and particularly the CTR program, and identifies approaches for overcoming obstacles to cooperation and for increasing the long-term impact of the program. It recommends strong support for continuation of the CTR program.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Enhancing Global Health Security through International Biosecurity and Health Engagement Programs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309671828

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A Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Enhancing Global Health Security through International Biosecurity and Health Engagement Programs Pdf

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to articulate a 5-year strategic vision for international health security programs and provide findings and recommendations on how to optimize the impact of the Department of Defense (DOD) Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) in fulfilling its biosafety and biosecurity mission. Because BTRP is just one of several U.S. government programs conducting international health security engagement, both the strategic vision and the success of the program rely on coordinating actions with the U.S. government as a whole and with its international partners. This report provides several recommendations for optimizing BTRP success in its current mission and the wider-looking strategic vision it proposes.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Enhancing Global Health Security through International Biosecurity and Health Engagement Programs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309671859

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A Strategic Vision for Biological Threat Reduction by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Enhancing Global Health Security through International Biosecurity and Health Engagement Programs Pdf

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to articulate a 5-year strategic vision for international health security programs and provide findings and recommendations on how to optimize the impact of the Department of Defense (DOD) Biological Threat Reduction Program (BTRP) in fulfilling its biosafety and biosecurity mission. Because BTRP is just one of several U.S. government programs conducting international health security engagement, both the strategic vision and the success of the program rely on coordinating actions with the U.S. government as a whole and with its international partners. This report provides several recommendations for optimizing BTRP success in its current mission and the wider-looking strategic vision it proposes.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Prevention of Proliferation of Biological Weapons in States Beyond the Former Soviet Union
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309131766

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Countering Biological Threats by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Office for Central Europe and Eurasia,Committee on Prevention of Proliferation of Biological Weapons in States Beyond the Former Soviet Union Pdf

In response to a request from the U.S. Congress, this book examines how the unique experience and extensive capabilities of the Department of Defense (DOD) can be extended to reduce the threat of bioterrorism within developing countries outside the former Soviet Union (FSU). During the past 12 years, DOD has invested $800 million in reducing the risk from bioterrorism with roots in the states of the FSU. The program's accomplishments are many fold. The risk of bioterrorism in other countries is too great for DOD not to be among the leaders in addressing threats beyond the FSU. Taking into account possible sensitivities about a U.S. military presence, DOD should engage interested governments in about ten developing countries outside the FSU in biological threat reduction programs during the next five years. Whenever possible, DOD should partner with other organizations that have well established humanitarian reputations in the countries of interest. For example, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization should be considered as potential partners.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Cooperative Threat Reduction Program,Committee on Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309222587

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Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program by National Academy of Sciences,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Cooperative Threat Reduction Program,Committee on Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Pdf

The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program was created in 1991 as a set of support activities assisting the Former Soviet Union states in securing and eliminating strategic nuclear weapons and the materials used to create them. The Program evolved as needs and opportunities changed: Efforts to address biological and chemical threats were added, as was a program aimed at preventing cross-border smuggling of weapons of mass destruction. CTR has traveled through uncharted territory since its inception, and both the United States and its partners have taken bold steps resulting in progress unimagined in initial years. Over the years, much of the debate about CTR on Capitol Hill has concerned the effective use of funds, when the partners would take full responsibility for the efforts, and how progress, impact, and effectiveness should be measured. Directed by Congress, the Secretary of Defense completed a report describing DoD's metrics for the CTR Program (here called the DoD Metrics Report) in September 2010 and, as required in the same law, contracted with the National Academy of Sciences to review the metrics DoD developed and identify possible additional or alternative metrics, if necessary. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program provides that review and advice. Improving Metrics for the DoD Cooperative Threat Reduction Program identifies shortcomings in the DoD Metrics Report and provides recommendations to enhance DoD's development and use of metrics for the CTR Program. The committee wrote this report with two main audiences in mind: Those who are mostly concerned with the overall assessment and advice, and those readers directly involved in the CTR Program, who need the details of the DoD report assessment and of how to implement the approach that the committee recommends.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Life Sciences,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee on Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2004-04-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309166515

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Giving Full Measure to Countermeasures by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Life Sciences,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee on Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents Pdf

In recent years, substantial efforts have been initiated to develop new drugs, vaccines, and other medical interventions against biological agents that could be used in bioterrorist attacks against civilian populations. According to a new congressionally mandated report from the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council of the National Academies, to successfully develop these drugs, vaccines, and other medical interventions against biowarfare agents, Congress should authorize the creation of a new agency within the Office of the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Defense. The committee recommended that Congress should improve liability protections for those who develop and manufacture these products, to stimulate willingness to invest in new research and development for biowarfare protection. Giving Full Measure to Countermeasures also identifies other challengesâ€"such as the need for appropriate animal models and laboratories equipped with high-level biosafety protectionsâ€"that will require attention if DoD efforts to develop new medical countermeasures are to be successful.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Research and Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309265355

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Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Research and Development Pdf

The goal of the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD's) Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) is to provide support and world-class capabilities enabling he U.S. Armed Forces to fight and win decisively in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environments. To accomplish this objective, the CBDP must maintain robust science and technology capabilities to support the research, development, testing, and evaluation required for the creation and validation of the products the program supplies. The threat from chemical and biological attack evolves due to the changing nature of conflict and rapid advances in science and technology (S&T), so the core S&T capabilities that must be maintained by the CBDP must also continue to evolve. In order to address the challenges facing the DoD, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (DASD) for Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study to identify the core capabilities in S&T that must be supported by the program. The NRC Committee on Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Research and Development examined the capabilities necessary for the chemical and biological defense S&T program in the context of the threat and of the program's stated mission and priorities. Determining Core Capabilities in Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology contains the committee's findings and recommendations. It is intended to assist the DASD CBD in determining the best strategy for acquiring, developing, and/or maintaining the needed capabilities.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309465182

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Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology Pdf

Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Author : Amy F. Woolf
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781437921953

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Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance by Amy F. Woolf Pdf

Congress passed the Nunn-Lugar amendment, authorizing U.S. threat reduction assistance to the former Soviet Union, in Nov. 1991, after a failed coup in Moscow and the disintegration of the Soviet Union raised concerns about the safety and security of Soviet nuclear weapons. The annual program has grown from $400 million to over $1 billion/year across 3 agencies. It has also evolved from an emergency response to impending chaos in the Soviet Union, to a more comprehensive threat reduction and non-proliferation effort, to a broader program seeking to keep nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons from leaking into the hands of rogue nations or terrorists. This report discusses issues related to U.S. non-proliferation and threat reduction assistance. Illus.

Author : W. Seth Carus,National Defense University (U S ),National Defense University. Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-03
Category : History
ISBN : 0160941482

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A Short History of Biological Warfare by W. Seth Carus,National Defense University (U S ),National Defense University. Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction Pdf

This publication gives a history of biological warfare (BW) from the prehistoric period through the present, with a section on the future of BW. The publication relies on works by historians who used primary sources dealing with BW. In-depth definitions of biological agents, biological weapons, and biological warfare (BW) are included, as well as an appendix of further reading on the subject. Related items: Arms & Weapons publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/arms-weapons Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT & CBRNE) publications can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/hazardous-materials-hazmat-cbrne

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Strengthening and Expanding the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309131063

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Global Security Engagement by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Strengthening and Expanding the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Pdf

The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved. To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort.

Author : Bruce W. Bennett,Jonathan Kaufman,James Byrnes
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833052810

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Early Observations on Possible Defenses by the Emerging Threat Agent Project by Bruce W. Bennett,Jonathan Kaufman,James Byrnes Pdf

The Defense Department's 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review expressed concerns about emerging chemical and biological (CB) weapon agents and the ability of U.S. defenses to counter them. Scientific advances that facilitate the development of new and novel CB agents and the difficulties uncovering such work suggest that adversary programs could acquire new CB agents years before U.S. defense planners recognize those agents. Once these CB agents are recognized as threats, the United States will probably need many more years to establish a comprehensive defense against them, and even these defenses are unlikely to protect the civilians, contractors, and allied military personnel essential to modern U.S. military operations. Such gaps in CB agent defense capabilities pose a potentially serious risk to U.S. military operations. To best mitigate this risk, the U.S. Chemical and Biological Defense Program (CBDP) needs to augment current work with enhanced efforts to dissuade adversary CB agent development and to deter adversary use of new CB weapons. Successful initiatives in dissuasion and deterrence will depend on CB defensive programs that appear dynamic, progressive, and integrated with other Defense Department and national-level efforts in counterproliferation. The CBDP could add a second track to the current agent-specific science and technology effort to focus on the mechanisms of CB agent effects and interactions with the environment. The goal of the resulting robust combination of CBDP defense, dissuasion, and deterrence is to induce great doubts in adversaries about the value of employing any CB agents or developing new CB agents.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on the Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309096737

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Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on the Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons Pdf

Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Strengthening and Expanding the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309142373

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Global Security Engagement by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Strengthening and Expanding the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program Pdf

The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved. To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort.

Author : Bianka Janssen Adams,Joseph P. Harahan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015075697402

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Responding to War, Terrorism, and WMD Proliferation by Bianka Janssen Adams,Joseph P. Harahan Pdf