The Case For Contextualism

Author : Keith DeRose
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191619748

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The Case for Contextualism by Keith DeRose Pdf

It's an obvious enough observation that the standards that govern whether ordinary speakers will say that someone knows something vary with context: What we are happy to call "knowledge" in some ("low-standards") contexts we'll deny is "knowledge" in other ("high-standards") contexts. But do these varying standards for when ordinary speakers will attribute knowledge, and for when they are in some important sense warranted in attributing knowledge, reflect varying standards for when it is or would be true for them to attribute knowledge? Or are the standards that govern whether such claims are true always the same? And what are the implications for epistemology if these truth-conditions for knowledge claims shift with context? Contextualism, the view that the epistemic standards a subject must meet in order for a claim attributing "knowledge" to her to be true do vary with context, has been hotly debated in epistemology and philosophy of language during the last few decades. In The Case for Contextualism Keith DeRose offers a sustained state-of-the-art exposition and defense of the contextualist position, presenting and advancing the most powerful arguments in favor of the view and against its "invariantist" rivals, and responding to the most pressing objections facing contextualism.

Author : Peter Baumann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198754312

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Epistemic Contextualism by Peter Baumann Pdf

Peter Baumann develops and defends a distinctive version of epistemic contextualism, the view that the truth conditions or the meaning of knowledge attributions can vary with the context of the attributor. Baumann discusses problems and objections, and provides an extension of contextualism beyond epistemology.

Author : Keith DeRose
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:876596617

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The Case for Contextualism by Keith DeRose Pdf

Author : Alex Silk
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198783923

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Discourse Contextualism by Alex Silk Pdf

Alex Silk investigates the role of context in the meaning and use of natural language. Discourse Contextualism provides a systematic account of the distinctive ways in which speakers use context-sensitive expressions to coordinate their attitudes and negotiate about how the context should evolve.

Author : Peter Baumann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191069253

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Epistemic Contextualism by Peter Baumann Pdf

Peter Baumann develops and defends a distinctive version of epistemic contextualism, the view that the truth conditions or the meaning of knowledge attributions of the form "S knows that p" can vary with the context of the attributor. The first part of the book examines arguments for contextualism and develops Baumann's version. The first chapter deals with the argument from cases and ordinary usage; the following two chapters address "theoretical" arguments, from reliability and from luck. The second part of the book discusses the problems contextualism faces, to which it must respond, and provides an extension of contextualism beyond epistemology. Chapter 4 discusses "lottery-scepticism" and argues for a contextualist response. Chapter 5 is dedicated to a homemade problem for contextualism: a threat of inconsistency. Baumann argues for a way out and for a version of contextualism that can underwrite this solution. Chapter 6 proposes a contextualist account of responsibility: The concept of knowledge is not the only one which allows for a contextualist analysis and it is important to explore structural analogies in other areas of philosophy. The third part of the book is focused on some major objections to contextualism and alternative views, namely subject-sensitive invariantism, contrastivism and relativism.

Author : Joseph Keim Campbell,Michael O'Rourke,Harry S. Silverstein
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262014083

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Knowledge and Skepticism by Joseph Keim Campbell,Michael O'Rourke,Harry S. Silverstein Pdf

New essays by leading philosophers explore topics in epistemology, offering both contemporary philosophical analysis and historical perspectives. There are two main questions in epistemology: What is knowledge? And: Do we have any of it? The first question asks after the nature of a concept; the second involves grappling with the skeptic, who believes that no one knows anything. This collection of original essays addresses the themes of knowledge and skepticism, offering both contemporary epistemological analysis and historical perspectives from leading philosophers and rising scholars. Contributors first consider knowledge: the intrinsic nature of knowledge—in particular, aspects of what distinguishes knowledge from true belief; the extrinsic examination of knowledge, focusing on contextualist accounts; and types of knowledge, specifically perceptual, introspective, and rational knowledge. The final chapters offer various perspectives on skepticism. Knowledge and Skepticism provides an eclectic yet coherent set of essays by distinguished scholars and important new voices. The cutting-edge nature of its contributions and its interdisciplinary character make it a valuable resource for a wide audience—for philosophers of language as well as for epistemologists, and for psychologists, decision theorists, historians, and students at both the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. Contributors Kent Bach, Joseph Keim Campbell, Joseph Cruz, Fred Dretske, Catherine Z. Elgin, Peter S. Fosl, Peter J. Graham, David Hemp, Michael O'Rourke, George Pappas, John L. Pollock, Duncan Pritchard, Joseph Salerno, Robert J. Stainton, Harry S. Silverstein, Joseph Thomas Tolliver, Leora Weitzman

Author : Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317594697

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The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa Pdf

Epistemic contextualism is a recent and hotly debated topic in philosophy. Contextualists argue that the language we use to attribute knowledge can only be properly understood relative to a specified context. How much can our knowledge depend on context? Is there a limit, and if so, where does it lie? What is the relationship between epistemic contextualism and fundamental topics in philosophy such as objectivity, truth, and relativism? The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising thirty-seven chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into eight parts: Data and motivations for contextualism Methodological issues Epistemological implications Doing without contextualism Relativism and disagreement Semantic implementations Contextualism outside ‘knows’ Foundational linguistic issues. Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including contextualism and thought experiments and paradoxes such as the Gettier problem and the lottery paradox; semantics and pragmatics; the relationship between contextualism, relativism, and disagreement; and contextualism about related topics like ethical judgments and modality. The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism is essential reading for students and researchers in epistemology and philosophy of language. It will also be very useful for those in related fields such as linguistics and philosophy of mind.

Author : Marc Alspector-Kelly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108474023

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Against Knowledge Closure by Marc Alspector-Kelly Pdf

Presents a new and comprehensive defense of closure failure that is relevant to a wide variety of epistemic issues.

Author : Stefano Leardi,Nicla Vassallo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030161552

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Contextualism, Factivity and Closure by Stefano Leardi,Nicla Vassallo Pdf

This book analyses an inconsistency within epistemic contextualism known as the factivity problem. It also provides key insights into epistemic contextualism, an important innovation in contemporary epistemology, enabling readers to gain a better understanding of the various solutions to the factivity problem. As the authors demonstrate, each explanation is based on a different interpretation of the problem. Divided into seven chapters, the book offers comprehensive coverage of this topic, which will be of major interest to philosophers engaged in epistemology and the philosophy of language. After an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 presents the most common understanding of epistemic contextualism and its semantic basis. It also clarifies the epistemological implications of the theory’s semantic assumptions. This chapter also explains the main argument of the factivity problem. The next four chapters discuss the respective solutions proposed by Wolfgang Freitag, Alexander Dinges, Anthony Brueckner and Christopher Buford, Michael Ashfield, Martin Montminy and Wes Skolits, and Peter Baumann. Stefano Leardi and Nicla Vassallo highlight the similarities and commonalities, identifying three main approaches to the factivity problem. Chapter 7 provides a brief overview of the solutions proposed to solve the factivity problem and presents an outline of the conclusions reached in the book.

Author : Keith DeRose
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192535917

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The Appearance of Ignorance by Keith DeRose Pdf

Contextualism, the view that the epistemic standards a subject must meet in order for a claim attributing "knowledge" to her to be true do vary with context, has been hotly debated in epistemology and philosophy of language during the last few decades. This volume presents, develops, and defends contextualist solutions to two of the stickiest problems in epistemology: the puzzles of skeptical hypotheses and of lotteries. It is argued that, at least by ordinary standards for knowledge, we do know that skeptical hypotheses are false, and that we've lost the lottery. Why it seems that we don't know that they're false tells us a lot, both about what knowledge is and how knowledge attributions work. The Appearance of Ignorance is the companion volume to Keith DeRose's 2009 title The Case for Contextualism: Knowledge, Skepticism, and Context, Volume 1.

Author : Terence E. Horgan,Matjaz Potrc
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-08-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262263207

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Austere Realism by Terence E. Horgan,Matjaz Potrc Pdf

A provocative ontological-cum-semantic position asserting that the right ontology is austere in its exclusion of numerous common-sense and scientific posits and that many statements employing such posits are nonetheless true. The authors of Austere Realism describe and defend a provocative ontological-cum-semantic position, asserting that the right ontology is minimal or austere, in that it excludes numerous common-sense posits, and that statements employing such posits are nonetheless true, when truth is understood to be semantic correctness under contextually operative semantic standards. Terence Horgan and Matjaz Potrc argue that austere realism emerges naturally from consideration of the deep problems within the naive common-sense approach to truth and ontology. They offer an account of truth that confronts these deep internal problems and is independently plausible: contextual semantics, which asserts that truth is semantically correct affirmability. Under contextual semantics, much ordinary and scientific thought and discourse is true because its truth is indirect correspondence to the world. After offering further arguments for austere realism and addressing objections to it, Horgan and Potrc consider various alternative austere ontologies. They advance a specific version they call “blobjectivism”—the view that the right ontology includes only one concrete particular, the entire cosmos (“the blobject”), which, although it has enormous local spatiotemporal variability, does not have any proper parts. The arguments in Austere Realism are powerfully made and concisely and lucidly set out. The authors' contentions and their methodological approach—products of a decade-long collaboration—will generate lively debate among scholars in metaphysics, ontology, and philosophy.

Author : Robert D. Zettle,Steven C. Hayes,Dermot Barnes-Holmes,Anthony Biglan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118489567

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The Wiley Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science by Robert D. Zettle,Steven C. Hayes,Dermot Barnes-Holmes,Anthony Biglan Pdf

The Wiley Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science describes the philosophical and empirical foundation of the contextual behavioral science movement; it explores the history and goals of CBS, explains its core analytic assumptions, and describes Relational Frame Theory as a research and practice program. This is the first thorough examination of the philosophy, basic science, applied science, and applications of Contextual Behavioral Science Brings together the philosophical and empirical contributions that CBS is making to practical efforts to improve human wellbeing Organized and written in such a way that it can be read in its entirety or on a section-by-section basis, allowing readers to choose how deeply they delve into CBS Extensive coverage of this wide ranging and complex area that encompasses both a rich basic experimental tradition and in-depth clinical application of that experimental knowledge Looks at the development of RFT, and its implications for alleviating human suffering

Author : Gregory Vert,S. Sitharama Iyengar,Vir V. Phoha
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781439834695

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Introduction to Contextual Processing by Gregory Vert,S. Sitharama Iyengar,Vir V. Phoha Pdf

Develops a Comprehensive, Global Model for Contextually Based Processing SystemsA new perspective on global information systems operationHelping to advance a valuable paradigm shift in the next generation and processing of knowledge, Introduction to Contextual Processing: Theory and Applications provides a comprehensive model for constructing a con

Author : Nasour Koursami
Publisher : Springer
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-02-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789462652255

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The 'Contextual Elements' of the Crime of Genocide by Nasour Koursami Pdf

This book examines the position of ‘contextual elements’ as a constitutive element of the legal definition of the crime of genocide, and determines the extent to which an individual génocidaire is required to act within a particular genocidal context. Unlike other books in the field of the study of the crime of genocide, this book captures the nuance and the complex issues of the debate by providing book-length comprehensive examination of the position of contextual elements in light of the evolution of genocide as a concept and the literal legal definition of the crime of genocide, which expressly characterized the crime with only the existence of an individualistic intent to destroy a group. With scholars of international criminal law, students, researchers, practitioners in the field, and international criminal tribunals in mind, the author tackles many of the issues raised on the position of contextual elements in both academic literature and judicial decisions. Nasour Koursami is the Director of Applied Research and a Lecturer at the National School of Administration in Chad. He studied law at Cardiff and Bristol Universities and holds a Ph.D. in International Law from the University of Edinburgh.

Author : Ludo Verhoeven,Sven Stromqvist
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-02-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135621056

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Relating Events in Narrative, Volume 2 by Ludo Verhoeven,Sven Stromqvist Pdf

Relating Events in Narrative, Volume 2: Typological and Contextual Perspectives edited by Sven Strömqvist and Ludo Verhoeven, is the much anticipated follow-up volume to Ruth Berman and Dan Slobin's successful "frog-story studies" book, Relating Events in Narrative: A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study (1994). Working closely with Ruth Berman and Dan Slobin, the new editors have brought together a wide range of scholars who, inspired by the 1994 book, have all used Mercer Mayer's Frog, Where Are You? as a basis for their research. The new book, which is divided into two parts, features a broad linguistic and cultural diversity. Contributions focusing on crosslinguistic perspectives make up the first part of the book. This part is concluded by Dan Slobin with an analysis and overview discussion of factors of linguistic typology in frog-story research. The second part offers a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives, all dealing with contextual variation of narrative construction in a wide sense: variation across medium/modality (speech, writing, signing), genre variation (the specific frog story narrative compared to other genres), frog story narrations from the perspective of theory of mind, and from the perspective of bilingualism and second language acquisition. Several of the contributions to the new book manuscript also deal with developmental perspectives, but, in distinction to the 1994 book, that is not the only focused issue. The second part is initiated by Ruth Berman with an analysis of the role of context in developing narrative abilities. The new book represents a rich overview and illustration of recent advances in theoretical and methodological approaches to the crosslinguistic study of narrative discourse. A red thread throughout the book is that crosslinguistic variation is not merely a matter of variation in form, but also in content and aspects of cognition. A recurrent perspective on language and thought is that of Dan Slobin's theory of "thinking for speaking," an approach to cognitive consequences of linguistic diversity. The book ends with an epilogue by Herbert Clark, "Variations on a Ranarian Theme."