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The Chemistry and Physics of Aerogels by Lorenz Ratke,Pavel Gurikov Pdf
Discover a rigorous treatment of aerogels processing and techniques for characterization with this easy-to-use reference. Presents the basics of aerogel synthesis and gelation to open porous nanostructures, and the processing of wet gels like ambient and supercritical drying leading to aerogels. Describes their essential properties with their measurement techniques and theoretical models used to analyse relations to their nanostructure. Linking the fundamentals and with practical applications, this is a useful toolkit for advanced undergraduates, and graduate students doing research in material and polymer science, physical chemistry, and chemical and environmental engineering.
Organic Polymer Aerogels and Composites by Nicholas Leventis Pdf
This book provides a practical, how–to guide with approaches to aerogel formation to aid the evolution of new technologies in optical, electronic, and chemical applications. The coverage features comprehensive characterization data and experimental procedures with synthetic protocols in every chapter. Polymer scientists, chemists, and materials scientists in industry and academia will benefit from this cutting–edge text.
Aerogels Handbook by Michel Andre Aegerter,Nicholas Leventis,Matthias M. Koebel Pdf
Aerogels are the lightest solids known. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density as low as only four times that of air, they show very high thermal, electrical and acoustic insulation values and hold many entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal and ceramic materials, etc. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation and household uses are being developed with an estimated annual market growth rate of around 70% until 2015. The Aerogels Handbook summarizes state-of-the-art developments and processing of inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels, including the most important methods of synthesis, characterization as well as their typical applications and their possible market impact. Readers will find an exhaustive overview of all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and most recent advances towards applications and commercial products, some of which are commercially available today. Key Features: •Edited and written by recognized worldwide leaders in the field •Appeals to a broad audience of materials scientists, chemists, and engineers in academic research and industrial R&D •Covers inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels •Describes military, aerospace, building industry, household, environmental, energy, and biomedical applications among others
The Chemistry and Physics of Engineering Materials by Alexandr A. Berlin,Roman Joswik,Nikolai I. Vatin Pdf
This new volume focuses on the limitations, properties, and models in the chemistry and physics of engineering materials that have potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods. The collection of topics in this volume reflects the diversity of recent advances in chemistry and physics of engineering materials with a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. This new book presents leading-edge research from around the world. Topics in the book include: • aerogels materials and technology • diffusion dynamics in nanomaterials • entropic nomograms • structural analyses of particulate-filled polymer nanocomposites mechanical properties • protection of rubbers against aging • structure-property correlation and forecast of corrosion This volume is also sold as part of a two-volume set. Volume 1 focuses on modern analytic methodologies in the chemistry and physics of engineering materials.
This book contains the papers presented at the "First International Sympo st sium on Aerogels (1 ISA)", held in September 1985 at. the University of Wiirzburg, Fed. Rep. of Germany. It was the first meet.ing of this kind, wit.h participants from several European count.ries, the United States of America, Canada, South America, and Africa. The meeting was interdisciplinary, with most of the participants being physicists, chemists or material scientists ei ther from universities or from industrial research institutes. Let me try to shed some light upon the class of substances the symposium was about: Aerogels are extremely porous high-tech materials, consisting ei ther of silica, alumina, zirconia, stannic or tungsten oxide or mixtures of these oxides. Due to their high porosity (up t.o 99%!) and t.heir large inner surface, aerogels serve as especially active catalysts or as catalytic subst.rates, as adsorbents, fillers, reinforcement agents, pigments and gellifying agents. Silica aerogels as translucent or transparent superinsulating fillers in window systems could help to considerably reduce thermal losses in windows and to improve the energy balance in passive solar systems. Aerogels also have fas cinating acoustic properties - the sound velocity can be as low as 100 m/s! The production of aerogels starts with the controlled conversion of a sol into a gel: The growth of clusters or polymer chains from a chemical solution, the cross-linking of these primary entities and the formation of a coherent network - still embedded in a liquid.
The Chemistry and Physics of Engineering Materials by Alexandr A. Berlin,Roman Joswik,Nikolai I. Vatin Pdf
This new volume focuses on the limitations, properties, and models in the chemistry and physics of engineering materials that have potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods. The collection of topics in this volume reflects the diversity of recent advances in chemistry and physics of engineering materials with a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. This new book presents leading-edge research from around the world. Topics in the book include: • aerogels materials and technology • diffusion dynamics in nanomaterials • entropic nomograms • structural analyses of particulate-filled polymer nanocomposites mechanical properties • protection of rubbers against aging • structure-property correlation and forecast of corrosion This volume is also sold as part of a two-volume set. Volume 1 focuses on modern analytic methodologies in the chemistry and physics of engineering materials.
This book focuses on aerogels and their applications in such areas as energy storage, thermal storage, catalysis, water splitting and environmental remediation. The materials covered include nanocellulose-, porous-, silica-, hybrid silica-, carbon-, graphene- and magnetic aerogels. Ways of modulating the pore structure of aerogels are presented, as well as surface modifications and the application of coatings. Future perspectives focus on functional foods, thickeners, stabilizers, and scaffolding in tissue repair. Keywords: Aerogels, Nanocellulose Aerogels, Non-Silicate Aerogels, Organic Aerogels, Composite Hybrid Aerogels, Carbon-based and Graphene-based Aerogels, Biogels, Hybrid Silica-based Aerogels, Energy Storage, Thermal Storage, Catalysis, Water Splitting, Environmental Remediation, Absorbents, Gas Filters, Packaging Materials, Electrical Devices, Thermal Insulations, Fire Retardants, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications, Functional Foods, Thickeners, Stabilizers, Scaffolding in Tissue Repair.
The Chemistry and Physics of Engineering Materials by Alexandr A. Berlin,Roman Joswik,Nikolai I. Vatin Pdf
This two-volume set focuses on the chemistry and physics of engineering materials that have potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods. Volume 1 addresses modern analytic methodologies while Volume 2 focuses on the limitations, properties, and models of materials. The collection of topics in these volumes reflect the diversity of recent advances in chemistry and physics of engineering materials with a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. This new two-volume set presents leading-edge research from around the world.
Engineering of Natural Polymeric Gels and Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications by Sabu Thomas,Bastien Seantier,Blessy Joseph Pdf
Engineering of Natural Polymeric Gels and Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications brings together detailed information on gels, hydrogels, and aerogels derived from natural polymers, covering materials, processing, fabrication techniques, structure-property relationships, and novel applications. The book begins by introducing polymeric gels, hydrogels, and aerogels, the different types and properties, advantages and disadvantages, manufacturing techniques, production and scalability, and the possible applications. This is followed by thorough coverage of processing methods for obtaining natural polymer-based gels and hydrogels, with separate chapters focusing on physical processes, chemical processes, green processes, and processing for aerogels. The final chapters of the book focus on the preparation of natural polymer-based gels, hydrogels, and aerogels for many state-of-the-art applications, including biomedical, absorbent, energy saving, filtration, and sensing areas. Engineering of Natural Polymeric Gels and Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications is an essential resource for all those with an interest in polymeric gels and natural polymers, including researchers and scientists in polymer engineering, polymer chemistry, sustainable materials, biomaterials, materials science and engineering, and chemical engineering. In industry, this book supports scientists, R&D, and engineers looking to utilize novel bio-based materials for advanced applications. Covers the physical, chemical, and green processing methods for obtaining gels, hydrogels, and aerogels from natural polymers Explores a range of cutting-edge uses, including in biomedical, absorbent, energy-saving, filtration, and bio-sensing applications Presents the latest innovations in the field, including the preparation of lightweight, highly open porous polysaccharide and protein aerogels
Biobased Aerogels by Sabu Thomas,Laly A Pothan,Rubie Mavelil-Sam Pdf
Aerogels have been in use for over 80 years and have been utilised in a wide variety of applications, in particular, there has been growing use of insulating nanoporous materials in the aerospace industry. Recent awareness of the environmental implications of materials has driven researchers to develop new green materials, with aerogels being developed using biobased constituents, such as polysaccharides and proteins. Recently, biobased components, such as cellulose nanocrystals, have replaced synthetic counterparts in the production of nanoporous materials. Biobased Aerogelsis the first book to cover aerogel research from a green perspective, using commentary and analysis from leading researchers working in the field. Aerogels based on polysaccharides and proteins, their preparation and characterisation will be covered in detail, with further discussion highlighting properties such as surface morphology, shape recovery, mechanical properties and adsorption capacity. This insightful and timely publication will provide essential reading for those researchers and industrialists working within the green chemistry field.
Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage by Meldin Mathew,Hanna J. Maria,Ange Nzihou,Sabu Thomas Pdf
Explore the energy storage applications of a wide variety of aerogels made from different materials In Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage, an expert team of researchers delivers a one-stop resource covering the state-of-the-art in aerogels for energy applications. The book covers their morphology, properties, and processability and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in materials science and environmentally friendly energy and power technology. The authors offer a comprehensive review of highly efficient energy applications of aerogels that bridges the gap between engineering, science, and chemistry and advances the field of materials development. They provide a Life Cycle Assessment of aerogels in energy systems, as well as discussions of their impact on the environment. Aerogel synthesis, characterization, fabrication, morphology, properties, energy-related applications, and simulations are all explored, and likely future research directions are provided. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to aerogels in energy, including state-of-the-art advancements and challenges newly encountered Comprehensive explorations of chitin-based and cellulose-derived aerogels, as well as lignin-, clay-, and carbon nanotube-based aerogels Practical discussions of organic, natural, and inorganic aerogels, with further analyses of the lifecycle of aerogels In-depth examinations of the theory, modeling, and simulation of aerogels Perfect for chemical and environmental engineers, Aerogels for Energy Saving and Storage will also earn a place in the libraries of chemistry and materials science researchers in academia and industry.
Sol-Gel Processing and Applications by Y.A. Attia Pdf
During my professional career, I developed a strong interest in sol-gel technology, and worked on both xerogel and aerogel systems. My fascination with aerogels has driven me to explore their commercial potential, which is currently an important component of my company's business plan. Together with my co-workers, I have also worked on the preparation of controlled PZT and silica xerogels as well as thin film coatings of metals by the sol-gel technology, These experiences convinced me of the tremendous potentials of this technology. A conviction that is shared by many scientists, engineers, and business leaders around the globe. Many sol-gel derived products are already articles of commerce. However, to expand the commercial potential of sol-gel technology, two challenges must be met: (1) the quality of sol-gel derived products must continue to meet or exceed the quality of competing products, (2) the production cost of sol-gel products (specially aerogels) must continued to decline. A key to lowering the costs of sol-gel products is finding inexpensive precursors.
Advances in Aerogel Composites for Environmental Remediation by Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan,Mohammad Omaish Ansari,Anish Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri Pdf
Advances in Aerogel Composites for Environmental Remediation presents both contextual information aboutaerogels and details about their application in environmental remediation. A wide variety of aerogels are discussed, rangingfrom common to advanced and from natural to synthetic. By exploring ongoing research and developments in the environmentalremediation technologies using aerogel and its composites, this book addresses common day-to-day environmental problemsand presents solutions to the use of aerogel materials. The chapters discuss fabrication of various aerogel composites, alongwith their design and applications toward different environmental remediation technologies. Additionally, the properties andadvantages of aerogels are compared and contrasted to those of traditional materials. Given the consistent increase in environmental pollution, there is an urgent need to explore new materials for advances in remediationtechnology. Advances in Aerogel Composites for Environmental Remediation brings researchers and practitionersin the fields of environmental remediation, environmental science, and engineering to the forefront of remediation technologieswith a thorough breakdown of the benefits of and techniques relevant to aerogel composites. Covers basic properties, unique properties, and fabrication techniques of aerogels, from basic silica aerogels topresent-day conventional aerogels Discusses most of the major environmental remediation techniques and the advantages of using aerogels for theseremediation techniques in comparison to using traditional methods Presents future prospects for utilizing aerogels in modern day-to-day life and in the fabrication of tangible new products
Springer Handbook of Aerogels by Michel A. Aegerter,Nicholas Leventis,Matthias Koebel,Stephen A. Steiner III Pdf
This indispensable handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels – from synthesis and characterization to cutting-edge applications and their potential market impact. Built upon Springer’s successful Aerogels Handbook published in 2011, this handbook features extensive revisions and timely updates, reflecting the changes in this fast-growing field. Aerogels are the lightest solids known to man. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density only four times that of air, they possess extraordinarily high thermal, electrical, and acoustic insulation properties, and boast numerous entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to incorporate non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal, and ceramic materials. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation, and household uses are being developed. Readers of this fully updated and expanded edition will find an exhaustive source for all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and the most recent advances towards applications and commercial use. This key reference is essential reading for a combined audience of graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals.
Silica translucent aerogels are unique materials able to improve the thermal insulation performance of buildings without compromising daylight transmission. The aim of the book is to give a general overview on state of the art research on translucent aerogels and their applications in buildings and to provide a data set about thermal and physical properties, useful in buildings' energy performance simulation and design.Silica aerogels are nanostructured solid materials made of approximately 96% air and 4% silica. They show a thermal conductivity in the 0.012-0.020 W/mK range and excellent optical properties, especially visible transmission. They come in granular and monolithic form. Granular aerogels are relatively easy to produce and less expensive than monolithic panes, but show worse optical and thermal performance. Monolithic aerogels enable vision through the material, but their fabrication process is not developed at an industrial scale.The book collects the contributions of experts in the field of translucent aerogels from all over the world. The contents of the eight chapters are detailed as follows:Chapter 1 is the contribution from Union College, Schenectady (USA). The chapter reviews the chemical approaches to silica wet gels preparation, the drying methods used to yield monoliths, and the challenges and limitations associated with its production.Chapter 2 is a contribution from EMPA, Dübendorf (Switzerland). It is a review of current state of the art research on silica aerogel granulate production, including raw materials selection, hydrophobization strategies, and drying methodologies. Chapter 3 is a contribution from Takenaka Corporation, Tokyo (Japan). The main techniques for the optical properties evaluation are described and data are provided. An original application of translucent aerogels in buildings and future research topics are also proposed.Chapter 4 is a contribution from Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize and Ataturk University, Erzurum (Turkey). A review of the thermal properties of aerogels is provided, highlighting their better performance when compared to conventional and superinsulation materials.Chapter 5 is a contribution from the University of Perugia, Perugia (Italy). The acoustic properties of both granular and monolithic systems are investigated. For example, the influence of granule size and layer thickness that is deepened for granular aerogels is discussed, while for the monolithic form, the little data that is currently available is reported on. Chapter 6 is a contribution from the University of Tuscia, Viterbo (Italy) and Buro Happold Ltd, London (UK). It is focused on Life Cycle Assessment of silica aerogel, showing the research challenges in understanding its environmental impact, lower than the one of conventional thermal insulating glazing systems.Chapter 7 is a contribution from the University of Lyon and INSA-Lyon, Lyon (France). An overview of measurement methods and modeling tools available in literature is provided and a summary of the main mechanical properties of both monolithic and granular aerogels is reported on.Chapter 8 is a contribution from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim and SINTEF, Trondheim (Norway). Authors present their experimental investigations on various aerogel systems in different building envelopes (new aerogel glass material, aerogel-incorporated concrete, and so forth).
