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The Climate Near the Ground by Rudolf Geiger,Robert H. Aron,Paul Todhunter Pdf
This revised and updated edition of Rudolf Geiger's classic text provides a clear and vivid description of the surface microclimate, its physical basis, and its interactions with the biosphere. The book explains the principles of microclimatology and illustrates how they apply to a wide array of subfields. Those new to the field will find it especially valuable as a guide to understanding and quantifying the vast and ever-increasing literature on the subject. Designed as an introductory text for students in environmental science, this book will also be an essential reference for scientists seeking a clear understanding of the nature and physical basis of the climate near the ground, and its interactions with the biosphere.
Heat budget of the earth's surface as the basis of microclimatology. The air layer over level ground without vegetation. Influence of the underlying surface on the adjacent air layer. Quantitative determination of heat-balance factors. The air layer near plant-covered ground. Problems in forest meteorology. The influence of topography on microclimate. Relations of man and animals to microclimate.
The microclimate and microclimatic research; midday heat exchange at the ground surface. The incoming radiational type: nocturnal heat exchange at the ground surface. the outgoing radiational type; true heat conduction. The normal course of ground temperature; Eddy diffusion and its significance; long wave radiation; the warming process; the cooling process; the diurnal and annual course of temperature near the ground; the temperature gradient near the ground; other meteorological elements near the ground; humidity ralationships; wind relationships; optical and acoustical phenomena. Content of Dust, Carbon dioxide and emanation; the temperature of the ground surface; the influence of the type and condition of the soil; the air layer over water; the air layer near snow; the air layer abore a sod cover; on the quantitative determination of the heat economy of the ground surface; the microclimate in its relation to topography, to plants animals and man; the influence of topography; cold air floods and cold air dams; nocturnal temperature relationships in valleys; cold air winds (down-valley and glacier winds); the sunniness of different slopes; microclimatic effect of different exposures to sunshine; the skin of air on mountain slopes; more on the influence of topography; concerning the range of validity of meteorological stations; the microclimate of caves; the heat economy of plants, and plant temperatures; radiation and temperature relationships in a low plant cover; humidity and wind relationships in a low plant cover; forest meteorology, forest climatology and stand climate; radiation relationships in an old stand; temperature and humidity relationships in a old stand; wind and precipitation in an old stand; the influence of the make-up of the stand on its climate; the microclimate of circular slashings, clearings and cuttings; the climate of the stand border; the animate world and the microclimate; the unintentional effect of man on the microclimate; the city climate; the conscious modification of the microclimate by man; desdrucitve frost as a microclimatic phenomenon; the battle against destructive frost.
The Climate Near the Ground by Rudolf Geiger,Robert H. Aron,Paul Todhunter Pdf
This revised and updated edition of Rudolf Geiger's classic text provides a clear and vivid description of the surface microclimate, its physical basis, and its interactions with the biosphere. The book explains the principles of microclimatology and illustrates how they apply to a wide array of subfields. Those new to the field will find it especially valuable as a guide to understanding and quantifying the vast and ever-increasing literature on the subject. Designed as an introductory text for students in environmental science, this book will also be an essential reference for scientists seeking a clear understanding of the nature and physical basis of the climate near the ground, and its interactions with the biosphere.
The Climate Near the Ground - Scholar's Choice Edition by Rudolf Geiger Pdf
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A Brief History of the Earth's Climate by Steven Earle Pdf
I love it. Earle understands the big climate picture and paints it with exceptional clarity. — JAMES HANSEN, director, Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions, Columbia University Earth Institute What's natural, what's caused by humans, and why climate change is a disaster for all A Brief History of the Earth's Climate is an accessible myth-busting guide to the natural evolution of the Earth's climate over 4.6 billion years, and how and why human-caused global warming and climate change is different and much more dangerous. Richly illustrated chapters cover the major historical climate change processes including evolution of the sun, plate motions and continental collisions, volcanic eruptions, changes to major ocean currents, Earth's orbital variations, sunspot variations, and short-term ocean current cycles. As well as recent human-induced climate change and an overview of the implications of the COVID pandemic for climate change. Content includes: Understanding natural geological processes that shaped the climate How human impacts are now rapidly changing the climate Tipping points and the unfolding climate crisis What we can do to limit the damage to the planet and ecosystems Countering climate myths peddled by climate change science deniers. A Brief History of the Earth's Climate is essential reading for everyone who is looking to understand what drives climate change, counter skeptics and deniers, and take action on the climate emergency. AWARDS SILVER | 2022 IPPY Awards - Science
Norman J. Rosenberg,Blaine L. Blad,Shashi B. Verma
Author : Norman J. Rosenberg,Blaine L. Blad,Shashi B. Verma Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 538 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 1983-09-22 Category : Nature ISBN : 0471060666
Microclimate by Norman J. Rosenberg,Blaine L. Blad,Shashi B. Verma Pdf
An up-to-date and much enlarged edition of this text on the microclimate, emphasizing its effect on plants, animals, and humans. Provides a basis for understanding environmental biophysics, then covers the prediction, manipulation, and management of the climate near the ground.
Microclimate and Local Climate by Roger G. Barry,Peter D. Blanken Pdf
This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of microclimate and local climate. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. It is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology, environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.
Surface Climates of Canada by Timothy R. Oke,W.G. Bailey,Wayne Rouse Pdf
In the opening chapters contributors lay out the large-scale context of the physical climate of Canada, introducing the processes, balances, and dynamic linkages between the surface and atmosphere that create and maintain the diversity of surface climates found in Canada as well as outlining the nature of the physical processes that operate near the ground's surface. Individual chapters are dedicated to snow and ice - the almost universal surface cover in Canada - and the other major natural surface environments of Canada: ocean and coastal zones, fresh water lakes, wetlands, arctic islands, low arctic and subarctic lands, forests, and alpine environments. The final part of the book considers those surface environments that have been strongly influenced by human activity, such as agricultural lands and urban environments, and examines the prospects for future climate change. Bringing together for the first time a wide range of scholarship by leading climatologists, The Surface Climates of Canada will be an indispensable tool for understanding Canada's surface climates and the processes responsible for their creation and control. Contributors include Brian D. Amiro (AECL), W.G. Bailey (Simon Fraser), Richard Bello (York), Terry J. Gillespie (Guelph), Barry E. Goodison (Atmospheric Environment Service), F. Kenneth Hare (emeritus professor, Toronto), L.D. Danny Harvey (Toronto), Owen Hertzman (Dalhousie), Peter M. Lafleur (Trent), J. Harry McCaughey (Queen's), Linda Mortsch (Environment Canada), R. Ted Munn (Toronto), D. Scott Munro (Toronto), Atsumu Ohmura (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Timothy R. Oke (UBC), John W. Pomeroy (Environment Canada), Alexander W. Robertson (Canadian Forest Service), Nigel T. Roulet (McGill), Wayne R. Rouse (McMaster), Ian R. Saunders (Simon Fraser), William M. Schertzer (Environment Canada), Hans-Peter Schmid (Indiana), David L. Spittlehouse (BC Ministry of Forests), Douw G. Steyn (UBC), John L. Walmsley (Atmospheric Environment Service), John D. Wilson (Alberta), Ming-Ko Woo (McMaster).
Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate by P. Kabat Pdf
This book presents a state-of-the-art scientific overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. It deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions, but a substantial data consolidation effort still needs to be undertaken. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change.The editors emphasise that the results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.
