The Computational Neurobiology Of Reaching And Pointing

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The Computational Neurobiology of Reaching and Pointing

Reza Shadmehr,Steven P. Wise
The Computational Neurobiology of Reaching and Pointing Book PDF

Author : Reza Shadmehr,Steven P. Wise
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2004-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262195089

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The Computational Neurobiology of Reaching and Pointing by Reza Shadmehr,Steven P. Wise Pdf

An introduction to the computational biology of reaching and pointing, with an emphasis on motor learning. Neuroscience involves the study of the nervous system, and its topics range from genetics to inferential reasoning. At its heart, however, lies a search for understanding how the environment affects the nervous system and how the nervous system, in turn, empowers us to interact with and alter our environment. This empowerment requires motor learning. The Computational Neurobiology of Reaching and Pointing addresses the neural mechanisms of one important form of motor learning. The authors integrate material from the computational, behavioral, and neural sciences of motor control that is not available in any other single source. The result is a unified, comprehensive model of reaching and pointing. The book is intended to be used as a text by graduate students in both neuroscience and bioengineering and as a reference source by experts in neuroscience, robotics, and other disciplines. The book begins with an overview of the evolution, anatomy, and physiology of the motor system, including the mechanisms for generating force and maintaining limb stability. The sections that follow, "Computing Locations and Displacements", "Skills, Adaptations, and Trajectories", and "Predictions, Decisions, and Flexibility", present a theory of sensorially guided reaching and pointing that evolves organically based on computational principles rather than a traditional structure-by-structure approach. The book also includes five appendixes that provide brief refreshers on fundamentals of biology, mathematics, physics, and neurophysiology, as well as a glossary of relevant terms. The authors have also made supplemental materials available on the Internet. These web documents provide source code for simulations, step-by-step derivations of certain mathematical formulations, and expanded explanations of some concepts.

Biological Learning and Control

Reza Shadmehr,Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi
Biological Learning and Control Book PDF

Author : Reza Shadmehr,Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262549554

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Biological Learning and Control by Reza Shadmehr,Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi Pdf

A novel theoretical framework that describes a possible rationale for the regularity in how we move, how we learn, and how our brain predicts events. In Biological Learning and Control, Reza Shadmehr and Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi present a theoretical framework for understanding the regularity of the brain's perceptions, its reactions to sensory stimuli, and its control of movements. They offer an account of perception as the combination of prediction and observation: the brain builds internal models that describe what should happen and then combines this prediction with reports from the sensory system to form a belief. Considering the brain's control of movements, and variations despite biomechanical similarities among old and young, healthy and unhealthy, and humans and other animals, Shadmehr and Mussa-Ivaldi review evidence suggesting that motor commands reflect an economic decision made by our brain weighing reward and effort. This evidence also suggests that the brain prefers to receive a reward sooner than later, devaluing or discounting reward with the passage of time; then as the value of the expected reward changes in the brain with the passing of time (because of development, disease, or evolution), the shape of our movements will also change. The internal models formed by the brain provide the brain with an essential survival skill: the ability to predict based on past observations. The formal concepts presented by Shadmehr and Mussa-Ivaldi offer a way to describe how representations are formed, what structure they have, and how the theoretical concepts can be tested.

The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex

Richard E. Passingham,Steven P. Wise
The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex Book PDF

Author : Richard E. Passingham,Steven P. Wise
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191633096

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The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex by Richard E. Passingham,Steven P. Wise Pdf

The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain, and it expanded dramatically during primate evolution. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a new theory about its fundamental function. In this important new book, the authors argue that primate-specific parts of the prefrontal cortex evolved to reduce errors in foraging choices, so that particular ancestors of modern humans could overcome periodic food shortages. These developments laid the foundation for working out problems in our imagination, which resulted in the insights that allow humans to avoid errors entirely, at least at times. In the book, the authors detail which parts of the prefrontal cortex evolved exclusively in primates, how its connections explain why the prefrontal cortex alone can perform its function, and why other parts of the brain cannot do what the prefrontal cortex does. Based on an analysis of its evolutionary history, the book uses evidence from lesion, imaging, and cell-recording experiments to argue that the primate prefrontal cortex generates goals from a current behavioural context and that it can do so on the basis of single events. As a result, the prefrontal cortex uses the attentive control of behaviour to augment an older general-purpose learning system, one that evolved very early in the history of animals. This older system learns slowly and cumulatively over many experiences based on reinforcement. The authors argue that a new learning system evolved in primates at a particular time and place in their history, that it did so to decrease the errors inherent in the older learning system, and that severe volatility of food resources provided the driving force for these developments. Written by two leading brain scientists, The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex is an important contribution to our understanding of the evolution and functioning of the human brain.

From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience

Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto
From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262034968

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From Neuron to Cognition via Computational Neuroscience by Michael A. Arbib,James J. Bonaiuto Pdf

A comprehensive, integrated, and accessible textbook presenting core neuroscientific topics from a computational perspective, tracing a path from cells and circuits to behavior and cognition. This textbook presents a wide range of subjects in neuroscience from a computational perspective. It offers a comprehensive, integrated introduction to core topics, using computational tools to trace a path from neurons and circuits to behavior and cognition. Moreover, the chapters show how computational neuroscience—methods for modeling the causal interactions underlying neural systems—complements empirical research in advancing the understanding of brain and behavior. The chapters—all by leaders in the field, and carefully integrated by the editors—cover such subjects as action and motor control; neuroplasticity, neuromodulation, and reinforcement learning; vision; and language—the core of human cognition. The book can be used for advanced undergraduate or graduate level courses. It presents all necessary background in neuroscience beyond basic facts about neurons and synapses and general ideas about the structure and function of the human brain. Students should be familiar with differential equations and probability theory, and be able to pick up the basics of programming in MATLAB and/or Python. Slides, exercises, and other ancillary materials are freely available online, and many of the models described in the chapters are documented in the brain operation database, BODB (which is also described in a book chapter). Contributors Michael A. Arbib, Joseph Ayers, James Bednar, Andrej Bicanski, James J. Bonaiuto, Nicolas Brunel, Jean-Marie Cabelguen, Carmen Canavier, Angelo Cangelosi, Richard P. Cooper, Carlos R. Cortes, Nathaniel Daw, Paul Dean, Peter Ford Dominey, Pierre Enel, Jean-Marc Fellous, Stefano Fusi, Wulfram Gerstner, Frank Grasso, Jacqueline A. Griego, Ziad M. Hafed, Michael E. Hasselmo, Auke Ijspeert, Stephanie Jones, Daniel Kersten, Jeremie Knuesel, Owen Lewis, William W. Lytton, Tomaso Poggio, John Porrill, Tony J. Prescott, John Rinzel, Edmund Rolls, Jonathan Rubin, Nicolas Schweighofer, Mohamed A. Sherif, Malle A. Tagamets, Paul F. M. J. Verschure, Nathan Vierling-Claasen, Xiao-Jing Wang, Christopher Williams, Ransom Winder, Alan L. Yuille

Vigor

Reza Shadmehr,Alaa A. Ahmed
Vigor Book PDF

Author : Reza Shadmehr,Alaa A. Ahmed
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262044059

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Vigor by Reza Shadmehr,Alaa A. Ahmed Pdf

An examination of the link between the vigor with which we move and the value that the brain assigns to the goal of the movement. Why do we reflexively run toward people we love, but only walk toward others? In Vigor, Reza Shadmehr and Alaa Ahmed examine the link between how the brain assigns value to things and how it controls our movements. They find that brain regions thought to be principally involved in decision making also affect movement vigor—and that brain regions thought to be principally responsible for movement also bias patterns of decision making. Shadmehr and Ahmed first consider the relationship of value and vigor from a behavioral and mathematical perspective, considering a series of fascinating observations—including, for example, data showing that people in certain cities tend to walk faster than those living elsewhere—through the lens of optimal foraging theory. They then go on to explore the neural basis of vigor and valuation, synthesizing results from experiments that have measured activity in various brain structures and neuromodulators, including dopamine and serotonin. They speculate that in the future, technologies may be able to predict our personal preferences by measuring our movements; through the vigor with which we move, we unwittingly reveal one of our well-guarded secrets: how much we value the object of our attention.

Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function

Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska
Computational Neuroscience Theoretical Insights into Brain Function Book PDF

Author : Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 570 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080555020

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Computational Neuroscience: Theoretical Insights into Brain Function by Paul Cisek,Trevor Drew,John Kalaska Pdf

Computational neuroscience is a relatively new but rapidly expanding area of research which is becoming increasingly influential in shaping the way scientists think about the brain. Computational approaches have been applied at all levels of analysis, from detailed models of single-channel function, transmembrane currents, single-cell electrical activity, and neural signaling to broad theories of sensory perception, memory, and cognition. This book provides a snapshot of this exciting new field by bringing together chapters on a diversity of topics from some of its most important contributors. This includes chapters on neural coding in single cells, in small networks, and across the entire cerebral cortex, visual processing from the retina to object recognition, neural processing of auditory, vestibular, and electromagnetic stimuli, pattern generation, voluntary movement and posture, motor learning, decision-making and cognition, and algorithms for pattern recognition. Each chapter provides a bridge between a body of data on neural function and a mathematical approach used to interpret and explain that data. These contributions demonstrate how computational approaches have become an essential tool which is integral in many aspects of brain science, from the interpretation of data to the design of new experiments, and to the growth of our understanding of neural function. • Includes contributions by some of the most influential people in the field of computational neuroscience • Demonstrates how computational approaches are being used today to interpret experimental data • Covers a wide range of topics from single neurons, to neural systems, to abstract models of learning

Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Volume 1

Larry R. Squire
Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : Larry R. Squire
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 12505 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080963938

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Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, Volume 1 by Larry R. Squire Pdf

The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.

Neuro-Robotics

Panagiotis Artemiadis
Neuro Robotics Book PDF

Author : Panagiotis Artemiadis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401789325

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Neuro-Robotics by Panagiotis Artemiadis Pdf

Neuro-robotics is one of the most multidisciplinary fields of the last decades, fusing information and knowledge from neuroscience, engineering and computer science. This book focuses on the results from the strategic alliance between Neuroscience and Robotics that help the scientific community to better understand the brain as well as design robotic devices and algorithms for interfacing humans and robots. The first part of the book introduces the idea of neuro-robotics, by presenting state-of-the-art bio-inspired devices. The second part of the book focuses on human-machine interfaces for performance augmentation, which can seen as augmentation of abilities of healthy subjects or assistance in case of the mobility impaired. The third part of the book focuses on the inverse problem, i.e. how we can use robotic devices that physically interact with the human body, in order (a) to understand human motor control and (b) to provide therapy to neurologically impaired people or people with disabilities.

Neuromechanics of Human Movement

Roger M. Enoka
Neuromechanics of Human Movement Book PDF

Author : Roger M. Enoka
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781718213739

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Neuromechanics of Human Movement by Roger M. Enoka Pdf

Neuromechanics of Human Movement, Sixth Edition, draws on the disciplines of neurophysiology and physics to explore how the nervous system controls the actions of muscles to produce human motion in relation to biomechanical principles

Neuromechanics of Human Movement-5th Edition

Enoka, Roger M.
Neuromechanics of Human Movement 5th Edition Book PDF

Author : Enoka, Roger M.
Publisher : Human Kinetics
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-24
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781450458801

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Neuromechanics of Human Movement-5th Edition by Enoka, Roger M. Pdf

Neuromechanics of Human Movement, Fifth Edition, draws on the disciplines of neurophysiology and physics to explore how the nervous system controls the actions of muscles to produce human motion. This contemporary approach is much different from the traditional approach, which focuses solely on mechanics and does not consider the role of the sensorimotor system in the control of human movement. Authored by Roger Enoka, a widely recognized and esteemed scholar in neuromechanics, this influential text is an essential resource in biomechanics, motor learning, and applied physiology, making complex information accessible to students.

Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience

Eugene M. Izhikevich
Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Eugene M. Izhikevich
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262514200

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Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience by Eugene M. Izhikevich Pdf

Explains the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and the computational properties of neurons, with each concept presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics and illustrated using geometrical intuition. In order to model neuronal behavior or to interpret the results of modeling studies, neuroscientists must call upon methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book offers an introduction to nonlinear dynamical systems theory for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. It also provides an overview of neuroscience for mathematicians who want to learn the basic facts of electrophysiology. Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience presents a systematic study of the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and computational properties of neurons. It emphasizes that information processing in the brain depends not only on the electrophysiological properties of neurons but also on their dynamical properties. The book introduces dynamical systems, starting with one- and two-dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley-type models and continuing to a description of bursting systems. Each chapter proceeds from the simple to the complex, and provides sample problems at the end. The book explains all necessary mathematical concepts using geometrical intuition; it includes many figures and few equations, making it especially suitable for non-mathematicians. Each concept is presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics, providing a link between the two disciplines. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory is at the core of computational neuroscience research, but it is not a standard part of the graduate neuroscience curriculum—or taught by math or physics department in a way that is suitable for students of biology. This book offers neuroscience students and researchers a comprehensive account of concepts and methods increasingly used in computational neuroscience. An additional chapter on synchronization, with more advanced material, can be found at the author's website, www.izhikevich.com.

Neurobiology of Language

Gregory Hickok,Steven L. Small
Neurobiology of Language Book PDF

Author : Gregory Hickok,Steven L. Small
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1188 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780124078628

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Neurobiology of Language by Gregory Hickok,Steven L. Small Pdf

Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it – e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists Chapters authored by world leaders in the field – the broadest, most expert coverage available

Reach-to-Grasp Behavior

Daniela Corbetta,Marco Santello
Reach to Grasp Behavior Book PDF

Author : Daniela Corbetta,Marco Santello
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780429885938

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Reach-to-Grasp Behavior by Daniela Corbetta,Marco Santello Pdf

Reaching for objects in our surroundings is an everyday activity that most humans perform seamlessly a hundred times a day. It is nonetheless a complex behavior that requires the perception of objects’ features, action selection, movement planning, multi-joint coordination, force regulation, and the integration of all of these properties during the actions themselves to meet the successful demands of extremely varied task goals. Even though reach-to-grasp behavior has been studied for decades, it has, in recent years, become a particularly growing area of multidisciplinary research because of its crucial role in activities of daily living and broad range of applications to other fields, including physical rehabilitation, prosthetics, and robotics. This volume brings together novel and exciting research that sheds light into the complex sensory-motor processes involved in the selection and production of reach-to-grasp behaviors. It also offers a unique life-span and multidisciplinary perspective on the development and multiple processes involved in the formation of reach-to-grasp. It covers recent and exciting discoveries from the fields of developmental psychology and learning sciences, neurophysiology and brain sciences, movement sciences, and the dynamic field of developmental robotics, which has become a very active applied field relying on biologically inspired models. This volume is a rich and valuable resource for students and professionals in all of these research fields, as well as cognitive sciences, rehabilitation, and other applied sciences.

Routledge Handbook of Motor Control and Motor Learning

Albert Gollhofer,Wolfgang Taube,Jens Bo Nielsen
Routledge Handbook of Motor Control and Motor Learning Book PDF

Author : Albert Gollhofer,Wolfgang Taube,Jens Bo Nielsen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780415669603

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Routledge Handbook of Motor Control and Motor Learning by Albert Gollhofer,Wolfgang Taube,Jens Bo Nielsen Pdf

This text offers a comprehensive survey of neurophysiological, behavioural and biomechanical aspects of motor function. Adopting an integrative approach, it examines the full range of key topics in contemporary human movement studies, explaining motor behaviour in depth from the molecular level to behavioural consequences.

The Evolution of Memory Systems

Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham
The Evolution of Memory Systems Book PDF

Author : Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199686438

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The Evolution of Memory Systems by Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham Pdf

Current theories about human memory have been shaped by clinical observations and animal experiments. This doctrine holds that the medial temporal lobe subserves one memory system for explicit or declarative memories, while the basal ganglia subserves a separate memory system for implicit or procedural memories, including habits. Cortical areas outside the medial temporal lobe are said to function in perception, motor control, attention, or other aspects of executive function, but not in memory. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' advances dramatically different ideas on all counts. It proposes that several memory systems arose during evolution and that they did so for the same general reason: to transcend problems and exploit opportunities encountered by specific ancestors at particular times and places in the distant past. Instead of classifying cortical areas in terms of mutually exclusive perception, executive, or memory functions, the authors show that all cortical areas contribute to memory and that they do so in their own ways-using specialized neural representations. The book also presents a proposal on the evolution of explicit memory. According to this idea, explicit (declarative) memory depends on interactions between a phylogenetically ancient navigation system and a representational system that evolved in humans to represent one's self and others. As a result, people embed representations of themselves into the events they experience and the facts they learn, which leads to the perception of participating in events and knowing facts. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' is an important new work for students and researchers in neuroscience, psychology, and biology.