The Evolution Of Memory Systems

Author : Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199686438

Get Book

The Evolution of Memory Systems by Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham Pdf

Current theories about human memory have been shaped by clinical observations and animal experiments. This doctrine holds that the medial temporal lobe subserves one memory system for explicit or declarative memories, while the basal ganglia subserves a separate memory system for implicit or procedural memories, including habits. Cortical areas outside the medial temporal lobe are said to function in perception, motor control, attention, or other aspects of executive function, but not in memory. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' advances dramatically different ideas on all counts. It proposes that several memory systems arose during evolution and that they did so for the same general reason: to transcend problems and exploit opportunities encountered by specific ancestors at particular times and places in the distant past. Instead of classifying cortical areas in terms of mutually exclusive perception, executive, or memory functions, the authors show that all cortical areas contribute to memory and that they do so in their own ways-using specialized neural representations. The book also presents a proposal on the evolution of explicit memory. According to this idea, explicit (declarative) memory depends on interactions between a phylogenetically ancient navigation system and a representational system that evolved in humans to represent one's self and others. As a result, people embed representations of themselves into the events they experience and the facts they learn, which leads to the perception of participating in events and knowing facts. 'The Evolution of Memory Systems' is an important new work for students and researchers in neuroscience, psychology, and biology.

Author : Elisabeth A. Murray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-21
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : OCLC:1066418012

Get Book

Evolution of Memory Systems by Elisabeth A. Murray Pdf

Author : Mark A. Krause,Karen L. Hollis,Mauricio R. Papini
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 521 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781108487993

Get Book

Evolution of Learning and Memory Mechanisms by Mark A. Krause,Karen L. Hollis,Mauricio R. Papini Pdf

This book examines how evolution influences learning and memory processes in both human and nonhuman animals.

Author : Héctor M. Manrique,Michael J. Walker
Publisher : Springer
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319644479

Get Book

Early Evolution of Human Memory by Héctor M. Manrique,Michael J. Walker Pdf

This work examines the cognitive capacity of great apes in order to better understand early man and the importance of memory in the evolutionary process. It synthesizes research from comparative cognition, neuroscience, primatology as well as lithic archaeology, reviewing findings on the cognitive ability of great apes to recognize the physical properties of an object and then determine the most effective way in which to manipulate it as a tool to achieve a specific goal. The authors argue that apes (Hominoidea) lack the human cognitive ability of imagining how to blend reality, which requires drawing on memory in order to envisage alternative future situations, and thereby modifying behavior determined by procedural memory. This book reviews neuroscientific findings on short-term working memory, long-term procedural memory, prospective memory, and imaginative forward thinking in relation to manual behavior. Since the manipulation of objects by Hominoidea in the wild (particularly in order to obtain food) is regarded as underlying the evolution of behavior in early Hominids, contrasts are highlighted between the former and the latter, especially the cognitive implications of ancient stone-tool preparation.

Author : Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham,Mary K. L. Baldwin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12
Category : Human evolution
ISBN : 9780198828051

Get Book

The Evolutionary Road to Human Memory by Elisabeth A. Murray,Steven P. Wise,Kim S. Graham,Mary K. L. Baldwin Pdf

On a trip down memory lane, four neuroscientists present an entertaining and accessible account of how evolution produced human memory, beginning with early vertebrates. The authors discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by a series of our direct ancestors, illustrate how the brains of these animals changed, and explain how these changes came to support new forms of memory. The book reveals how evolution fashioned the many forms of memory present in thehuman brain, why we can apply our knowledge flexibly in novel situations, and why we, uniquely among species, can remember and reflect upon the stories of our lives.

Author : Bruce Jacob,Spencer Ng,David Wang
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 900 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-07-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0080553842

Get Book

Memory Systems by Bruce Jacob,Spencer Ng,David Wang Pdf

Is your memory hierarchy stopping your microprocessor from performing at the high level it should be? Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk shows you how to resolve this problem. The book tells you everything you need to know about the logical design and operation, physical design and operation, performance characteristics and resulting design trade-offs, and the energy consumption of modern memory hierarchies. You learn how to to tackle the challenging optimization problems that result from the side-effects that can appear at any point in the entire hierarchy. As a result you will be able to design and emulate the entire memory hierarchy. Understand all levels of the system hierarchy -Xcache, DRAM, and disk. Evaluate the system-level effects of all design choices. Model performance and energy consumption for each component in the memory hierarchy.

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309296434

Get Book

In the Light of Evolution by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.

Author : Howard Eichenbaum,Neal J. Cohen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2004-11-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780198024705

Get Book

From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection by Howard Eichenbaum,Neal J. Cohen Pdf

This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.

Author : Walter Glannon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107131972

Get Book

The Neuroethics of Memory by Walter Glannon Pdf

Provides a thematically integrated analysis and discussion of neuroethical questions about memory capacity, content, and interventions.

Author : Belinda Barnet
Publisher : Anthem Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780857281968

Get Book

Memory Machines by Belinda Barnet Pdf

This book explores the history of hypertext, an influential concept that forms the underlying structure of the World Wide Web and innumerable software applications. Barnet tells both the human and the technological story by weaving together contemporary literature and her exclusive interviews with those at the forefront of hypertext innovation, tracing its evolutionary roots back to the analogue machine imagined by Vannevar Bush in 1945.

Author : Howard Eichenbaum,Neal J. Cohen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2004-11-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190292324

Get Book

From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection by Howard Eichenbaum,Neal J. Cohen Pdf

This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.

Author : Ramon Alonso-Sanz
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814343633

Get Book

Discrete Systems with Memory by Ramon Alonso-Sanz Pdf

Memory is a universal function of organized matter. What is the mathematics of memory? How does memory affect the space-time behaviour of spatially extended systems? Does memory increase complexity? This book provides answers to these questions. It focuses on the study of spatially extended systems, i.e., cellular automata and other related discrete complex systems. Thus, arrays of locally connected finite state machines, or cells, update their states simultaneously, in discrete time, by the same transition rule. The classical dynamics in these systems is Markovian: only the actual configuration is taken into account to generate the next one. Generalizing the conventional view on spatially extended discrete dynamical systems evolution by allowing cells (or nodes) to be featured by some trait state computed as a function of its own previous state-values, the transition maps of the classical systems are kept unaltered, so that the effect of memory can be easily traced. The book demonstrates that discrete dynamical systems with memory are not only priceless tools for modeling natural phenomena but unique mathematical and aesthetic objects.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

Get Book

Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Author : A C Ehresmann,J.P. Vanbremeersch
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080555411

Get Book

Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition by A C Ehresmann,J.P. Vanbremeersch Pdf

Memory Evolutive Systems; Hierarchy, Emergence, Cognition provides comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive Systems (MEM). Written by the developers of the MEM, the book proposes a mathematical model for autonomous evolutionary systems based on the Category Theory of mathematics. It describes a framework to study and possibly simulate the structure of living systems and their dynamic behavior. This book contributes to understanding the multidisciplinary interfaces between mathematics, cognition, consciousness, biology and the study of complexity. It is organized into three parts. Part A deals with hierarchy and emergence and covers such topics as net of interactions and categories; the binding problem; and complexifications and emergence. Part B is about MEM while Part C discusses MEM applications to cognition and consciousness. The book explores the characteristics of a complex evolutionary system, its differences from inanimate physical systems, and its functioning and evolution in time, from its birth to its death. This book is an ideal reference for researchers, teachers and students in pure mathematics, computer science, cognitive science, study of complexity and systems theory, Category Theory, biological systems theory, and consciousness theory. It would also be of interest to both individuals and institutional libraries. Comprehensive and comprehensible coverage of Memory Evolutive System Written by the developers of the Memory Evolutive Systems Designed to explore the common language between sciences

Author : Daniel L. Schacter,Endel Tulving
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262193507

Get Book

Memory Systems 1994 by Daniel L. Schacter,Endel Tulving Pdf

Assembled by the prominent psychologists Daniel Schacter and Endel Tulving, the contributions in "Memory Systems 1994" focus on the nature and number of memory systems in humans and animals. Together they present ideas from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience in a review of intriguing experimental outcomes at the cutting edge of this domain, grappling, often passionately, with the behavioral and neuroanatomical composition of memory systems and subsystems. Chapters are revised versions of contributions that appeared in a special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. This book includes an integrated discussion of and cross-commentary on the earlier contributions. "A Bradford Book"