The Concept Of Moral Obligation

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The Concept of Moral Obligation

Michael J. Zimmerman
The Concept of Moral Obligation Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Zimmerman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1996-03-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 052149706X

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The Concept of Moral Obligation by Michael J. Zimmerman Pdf

The principal aim of this book is to develop and defend an analysis of the concept of moral obligation. What it seeks to do is generate new solutions to a range of philosophical problems concerning obligation and its application. Amongst these problems are deontic paradoxes, the supersession of obligation, conditional obligation, actualism and possibilism, dilemmas, supererogation, and cooperation. By virtue of its normative neutrality, the analysis provides a theoretical framework within which competing theories of obligation can be developed and assessed.

Understanding Moral Obligation

Robert Stern
Understanding Moral Obligation Book PDF

Author : Robert Stern
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139505017

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Understanding Moral Obligation by Robert Stern Pdf

In many histories of modern ethics, Kant is supposed to have ushered in an anti-realist or constructivist turn by holding that unless we ourselves 'author' or lay down moral norms and values for ourselves, our autonomy as agents will be threatened. In this book, Robert Stern challenges the cogency of this 'argument from autonomy', and claims that Kant never subscribed to it. Rather, it is not value realism but the apparent obligatoriness of morality that really poses a challenge to our autonomy: how can this be accounted for without taking away our freedom? The debate the book focuses on therefore concerns whether this obligatoriness should be located in ourselves (Kant), in others (Hegel) or in God (Kierkegaard). Stern traces the historical dialectic that drove the development of these respective theories, and clearly and sympathetically considers their merits and disadvantages; he concludes by arguing that the choice between them remains open.

Ignorance and Moral Obligation

Michael J. Zimmerman
Ignorance and Moral Obligation Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Zimmerman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199688852

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Ignorance and Moral Obligation by Michael J. Zimmerman Pdf

Michael J. Zimmerman explores whether and how our ignorance about ourselves and our circumstances affects what our moral obligations and moral rights are. He rejects objective and subjective views of the nature of moral obligation, and presents a new case for a 'prospective' view.

God and Moral Obligation

C. Stephen Evans
God and Moral Obligation Book PDF

Author : C. Stephen Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199696680

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God and Moral Obligation by C. Stephen Evans Pdf

C. Stephen Evans defends the claim that moral obligations are best understood as divine commands or requirements; hence an important part of morality depends on God. God's requirements are communicated in a variety of ways, including conscience, and that natural law ethics and virtue ethics provide complementary perspectives to this view.

Moral Responsibility

Christopher Cowley
Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Christopher Cowley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317547112

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Moral Responsibility by Christopher Cowley Pdf

How and to what degree are we responsible for our characters, our lives, our misfortunes, our relationships and our children? This question is at the heart of "Moral Responsibility". The book explores accusations and denials of moral responsibility for particular acts, responsibility for character, and the role of luck and fate in ethics. Moral responsibility as the grounds for a retributivist theory of punishment is examined, alongside discussions of forgiveness, parental responsibility, and responsibility before God. The book also discusses collective responsibility, bringing in notions of complicity and membership, and drawing on the seminal contemporary discussion of collective agency and responsibility: the Nuremberg trials.

The Limits of Moral Obligation

Marcel van Ackeren,Michael Kühler
The Limits of Moral Obligation Book PDF

Author : Marcel van Ackeren,Michael Kühler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317581307

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The Limits of Moral Obligation by Marcel van Ackeren,Michael Kühler Pdf

This volume responds to the growing interest in finding explanations for why moral claims may lose their validity based on what they ask of their addressees. Two main ideas relate to that question: the moral demandingness objection and the principle "ought implies can." Though both of these ideas can be understood to provide an answer to the same question, they have usually been discussed separately in the philosophical literature. The aim of this collection is to provide a focused and comprehensive discussion of these two ideas and the ways in which they relate to one another, and to take a closer look at the consequences for the limits of moral normativity in general. Chapters engage with contemporary discussions surrounding "ought implies can" as well as current debates on moral demandingness, and argue that applying the moral demandingness objection to the entire range of normative ethical theories also calls for an analysis of its (metaethical) presuppositions. The contributions to this volume are at the leading edge of ethical theory, and have implications for moral theorists, philosophers of action, and those working in metaethics, theoretical ethics and applied ethics.

Getting Our Act Together

Anne Schwenkenbecher
Getting Our Act Together Book PDF

Author : Anne Schwenkenbecher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000290905

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Getting Our Act Together by Anne Schwenkenbecher Pdf

Together we can often achieve things that are impossible to do on our own. We can prevent something bad from happening, or we can produce something good, even if none of us could do it by ourselves. But when are we morally required to do something of moral importance together with others? This book develops an original theory of collective moral obligations. These are obligations that individual moral agents hold jointly but not as unified collective agents. The theory does not stipulate a new type of moral obligation but rather suggests that to think of some of our obligations as joint or collective is the best way of making sense of our intuitions regarding collective moral action problems. Where we have reason to believe that our efforts are most efficient as part of a collective endeavor, we may incur collective obligations together with others who are similarly placed as long as we are able to establish compossible individual contributory strategies towards that goal. The book concludes with a discussion of 'massively shared obligations' to major-scale moral problems such as global poverty. Getting Out Act Together: A Theory of Collective Moral Obligations will appeal to researchers and advanced students working in moral, political and social philosophy, philosophy of action, social epistemology and philosophy of social science.

Responsibility and Control

John Martin Fischer,Mark Ravizza
Responsibility and Control Book PDF

Author : John Martin Fischer,Mark Ravizza
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1999-10-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781316583753

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Responsibility and Control by John Martin Fischer,Mark Ravizza Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive, systematic theory of moral responsibility. The authors explore the conditions under which individuals are morally responsible for actions, omissions, consequences, and emotions. The leading idea in the book is that moral responsibility is based on 'guidance control'. This control has two components: the mechanism that issues in the relevant behavior must be the agent's own mechanism, and it must be appropriately responsive to reasons. The book develops an account of both components. The authors go on to offer a sustained defense of the thesis that moral responsibility is compatible with causal determinism.

Moral Obligations

Carol Harding,Thomas E. Wren
Moral Obligations Book PDF

Author : Carol Harding,Thomas E. Wren
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 113852834X

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Moral Obligations by Carol Harding,Thomas E. Wren Pdf

There are many ways of writing about the moral life; Moral Obligations follows the way of what philosophers call ""meta-ethics"": the analysis, not of particular moral problems, but of how the concepts used in formulating and solving them, concepts like ""right"" and ""obligatory,"" have significance and power over us. The meta-ethical part of this book is preceded by a discussion of action, in which Wren lays the foundations for the argument that moral obligation is a part of the formal structure of human agency. Wren's argument is practical and social-psychological: it is to help all, starting with those who are already committed to some version of the ethic of individual dignity, to promote interagency fellowship and peace as a result of seeing a certain truth, namely, the truth that the urgency of their feelings of moral obligation derives from a unspoken intention to belong to a community of agents. Moral Obligations begins with the philosophy of action, and then it reviews the historical debate about the nature of obligation and its social context. This is followed by a section about action in general: it establishes the standpoint of the agent and makes an inventory of several species of action. Later chapters summarize the foregoing themes, with emphasis on the unspoken side of intention, and develop them in conjunction with an analysis of the hypothetical imperative. The work closes with a discussion of the dilemma of membership in competing moral communities.

Moral Obligations

Thomas E. Wren
Moral Obligations Book PDF

Author : Thomas E. Wren
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781412843560

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Moral Obligations by Thomas E. Wren Pdf

There are many ways of writing about the moral life; Moral Obligations follows the way of what philosophers call ""meta-ethics"": the analysis, not of particular moral problems, but of how the concepts used in formulating and solving them, concepts like ""right"" and ""obligatory,"" have significance and power over us. The meta-ethical part of this book is preceded by a discussion of action, in which Wren lays the foundations for the argument that moral obligation is a part of the formal structure of human agency. Wren's argument is practical and social-psychological: it is to help all, starting with those who are already committed to some version of the ethic of individual dignity, to promote interagency fellowship and peace as a result of seeing a certain truth, namely, the truth that the urgency of their feelings of moral obligation derives from a unspoken intention to belong to a community of agents. Moral Obligations begins with the philosophy of action, and then it reviews the historical debate about the nature of obligation and its social context. This is followed by a section about action in general: it establishes the standpoint of the agent and makes an inventory of several species of action. Later chapters summarize the foregoing themes, with emphasis on the unspoken side of intention, and develop them in conjunction with an analysis of the hypothetical imperative. The work closes with a discussion of the dilemma of membership in competing moral communities.

The Second-Person Standpoint

Stephen Darwall
The Second Person Standpoint Book PDF

Author : Stephen Darwall
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674034624

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The Second-Person Standpoint by Stephen Darwall Pdf

Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner—along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue—result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject—falling back on non-moral values or practical, first-person considerations—Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community. As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality’s supreme authority—an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.

Building Better Beings

Manuel Vargas
Building Better Beings Book PDF

Author : Manuel Vargas
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199697540

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Building Better Beings by Manuel Vargas Pdf

Manuel Vargas presents a compelling and state-of-the-art defense of moral responsibility in the face of growing philosophical and scientific skepticism about free will and accountability. He shows how we can justify our responsibility practices, and provides a normatively and naturalistically adequate account of agency, blame, and desert.

Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Many Hands

Ibo van de Poel,Lambèr Royakkers,Sjoerd D. Zwart
Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Many Hands Book PDF

Author : Ibo van de Poel,Lambèr Royakkers,Sjoerd D. Zwart
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317560296

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Moral Responsibility and the Problem of Many Hands by Ibo van de Poel,Lambèr Royakkers,Sjoerd D. Zwart Pdf

When many people are involved in an activity, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to pinpoint who is morally responsible for what, a phenomenon known as the ‘problem of many hands.’ This term is increasingly used to describe problems with attributing individual responsibility in collective settings in such diverse areas as public administration, corporate management, law and regulation, technological development and innovation, healthcare, and finance. This volume provides an in-depth philosophical analysis of this problem, examining the notion of moral responsibility and distinguishing between different normative meanings of responsibility, both backward-looking (accountability, blameworthiness, and liability) and forward-looking (obligation, virtue). Drawing on the relevant philosophical literature, the authors develop a coherent conceptualization of the problem of many hands, taking into account the relationship, and possible tension, between individual and collective responsibility. This systematic inquiry into the problem of many hands pertains to discussions about moral responsibility in a variety of applied settings.

Moral Responsibility

Matthew Talbert
Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Matthew Talbert
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781509505173

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Moral Responsibility by Matthew Talbert Pdf

Most people would agree that a small child, or a cognitively impaired adult, is less responsible for their actions, good or bad, than an unimpaired adult. But how do we explain that difference, and how far can anyone be praised or blamed for what they have done? In this fascinating introduction, Matthew Talbert explores some of the key questions shaping current debates about moral responsibility, including: What is free will, and is it required for moral responsibility? Are we responsible for the unforeseen consequences of our actions? Is it fair to blame people for doing what they believe is right? And are psychopaths open to blame? As Talbert argues, we are morally responsible for our actions when they are related to us in particular ways: when our actions express our true selves, for example, or when we exercise certain kinds of control over them. It is because we bear these relationships to our actions that we are open to praise and blame. Moral Responsibility will be an important resource for students and researchers in ethics, moral psychology, and philosophy of agency and of great interest to all those wishing to understand an important aspect of our moral practices.

Mountains Beyond Mountains

Tracy Kidder
Mountains Beyond Mountains Book PDF

Author : Tracy Kidder
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2009-08-25
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780812980554

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Mountains Beyond Mountains by Tracy Kidder Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “[A] masterpiece . . . an astonishing book that will leave you questioning your own life and political views.”—USA Today “If any one person can be given credit for transforming the medical establishment’s thinking about health care for the destitute, it is Paul Farmer. . . . [Mountains Beyond Mountains] inspires, discomforts, and provokes.”—The New York Times (Best Books of the Year) In medical school, Paul Farmer found his life’s calling: to cure infectious diseases and to bring the lifesaving tools of modern medicine to those who need them most. Tracy Kidder’s magnificent account shows how one person can make a difference in solving global health problems through a clear-eyed understanding of the interaction of politics, wealth, social systems, and disease. Profound and powerful, Mountains Beyond Mountains takes us from Harvard to Haiti, Peru, Cuba, and Russia as Farmer changes people’s minds through his dedication to the philosophy that “the only real nation is humanity.” WINNER OF THE LETTRE ULYSSES AWARD FOR THE ART OF REPORTAGE This deluxe paperback edition includes a new Epilogue by the author